For humankind to survive, access to sufficient and safe drinking water is fundamental. This study explores the connection between rising domestic water consumption and planetary phenomena, such as rapid population growth, climate change, and pandemics. To achieve the study’s objectives, it provides a thorough forecast of water use, considering probable global scenarios for the years 2030 and 2050. The modeling approach is adapted from a consistent case study taken from the body of scientific literature on water supply hydraulics. The study’s results highlight the necessity for proactive and flexible management strategies for water resources. Notably, it observes significant alterations in water supply management to adjust water allocation due to the unanticipated and ongoing increase in consumer demand. The forecasted scenarios indicate potential difficulties that may arise in meeting rising domestic water demand amid planetary phenomena. The presented results offer valuable insights to policymakers and water supply authorities, enabling them to effectively address the rising domestic water demand while considering potential adverse conditions, ensuring a sustainable water supply for future generations.

Revista Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (TyCA) del Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua (IMTA)

The growing population is creating a rising demand for water, particularly in developing countries. As the urban population seeks to improve their standard of living, the authorities responsible for providing domestic utility services face increased pressure to provide higher-quality and secure services. To meet this challenge, the performance of all systems must be improved, and a better understanding of user behavior and water consumption patterns must be achieved. Modern routing and water quality models need accurate demand information. This research will analyze household water consumption patterns over time and their correlation with pressure levels. The results will inform a new methodology for managing and delivering services, considering the global error of gauges in the study area. The goal is to ensure sufficient and effective capacity to provide appropriate services for community development.

En el presente artículo, se presenta la investigación realizada con el fin de encontrar la mejor solución económica en el diseño de redes de riego a presión, y que a la vez se cumpla de forma eficiente la prestación de servicio. Se propone una metodología sistemática que combina dos técnicas de optimización a través de un “método híbrido”, en el que se fusionan la programación lineal, la programación no lineal y los algoritmos genéticos. La formulación global del problema de dimensionado óptimo consistirá en minimizar una función objetivo, constituida por los costes asociados a las tuberías que configuran la red. Esta metodología se implementó en tres redes de riego, una ficticia y dos redes de riego (Tuncarta y Cariyacu) ubicadas en las ciudades de Loja y Chimborazo en donde se obtuvieron las soluciones de diseño óptimas. Finalmente se simularon diferentes escenarios en los dos modelos, para obtener una panorámica sobre el funcionamiento de las variables hidráulicas

Introducción: Este trabajo pretende poner de manifiesto los resultados del aprendizaje con metodología activas de los estudiantes de las asignaturas de grado: Riego y Máquinas Hidráulicas. Metodología: Las metodologías activas involucran una correlación efectiva entre la participación activa del estudiante, la mejoría del aprendizaje, el trabajo cooperativo, la resolución de problemas reales. Con este objetivo, se implementaron metodologías activas en dos asignaturas distintas relacionadas con la Ingeniería Hidráulica. En ambos casos se usó la metodología Flipped Classroom. En la asignatura de Riegos se combinó con el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas para el diseño hidráulico de un sistema de riego a presión. En la asignatura de Máquinas Hidráulicas se planteó su uso para obtener las curvas características de bombas en laboratorio. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que, en ambos casos, la percepción por parte de los alumnos ha sido claramente positiva. El análisis de las calificaciones apenas permite extraer conclusiones. Discusión: El nivel de aceptación por parte de los estudiantes permite progresar en estas metodologías, pero será necesario revisar su implantación de forma que el impacto en las calificaciones mejore. Conclusiones: Esta investigación muestra el efecto positivo que conlleva la implementación de las metodologías activas de enseñanza-aprendizaje centradas en el estudiante.

Public transport is central to urban decarbonization, yet its greenhouse-gas (GHG) performance varies with transport mode, propulsion technology, energy source, passenger utilization, route and terrain conditions, operating context, and accounting boundary. This systematic review synthesized worldwide quantitative evidence on GHG emissions attributable to public passenger transport. Scopus, Web of Science, and Transportation Research International Documentation (TRID) were searched through 9 September 2026. Primary quantitative studies reporting public-transport-specific GHG, CO₂, CO₂e, or carbon-footprint outcomes were eligible. Of 1616 records identified, 93 reports representing 92 underlying studies were included following PRISMA 2020 screening. Life-cycle assessment was the most common study design (42 studies), followed by direct measurement (33) and modeling/simulation (13). Buses dominated the evidence base (81 studies), and battery-electric or electricity-based pathways were examined in 45 studies. Sixty-nine reports provided a defensible principal quantitative value. Among 56 reports with an explicit comparator direction, 55 reported lower emissions for the evaluated public-transport option. Results were not pooled because functional units, system boundaries, technologies, energy pathways, and operating contexts differed substantially. Methodological confidence was high for 21 studies and moderate for 71. Overall, decarbonization performance was conditional on energy supply, utilization, infrastructure, and life-cycle assumptions, indicating that public-transport technologies should be evaluated as components of context-dependent transport-energy systems rather than as inherently low-carbon solutions. This review was not prospectively registered.