In China, the transfer of land management rights has always been a topic of much discussion, as it plays an important role in improving land use efficiency, achieving the optimal allocation of agricultural resources, and protecting farmers’ rights and interests. With the advent of an aging society, elderly farmers are becoming the main force of agricultural production, and their land transfer behavior influences the land transfer situation in China. Based on three-period panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS), this study uses a binary linear regression model to explore the effects of social security, intergenerational care, and their interactions with elderly farmers’ cultivated land renting out behavior. The results show variability among elderly farmers across different regions of China, as well as a variability in other characteristics that influence cultivated land renting out behavior. It was found that: (1) pension insurance had a significant positive effect on elderly farmers’ cultivated land renting out behavior, while the effect of medical insurance was not significant. Elderly farmers who participated/received pension insurance were 4.3% more likely to choose to rent out farmland, compared to those who did not do so. (2) The frequency of intergenerational care had a significant negative effect on elderly farmers’ cultivated land renting out behavior, while the intensity of intergenerational care had no significant effect. (3) There was an interaction between the frequency of intergenerational care and social security, whereby a high frequency of intergenerational care was found to increase the probability of renting out farmland among elderly farmers with pension insurance.

The impact of the medical insurance system (MIS) on the health of older adults is a key element of research in the field of social security. Because China’s MIS consists of different types of insurance, and the benefits and levels of coverage received by participating in different medical insurance vary, different medical insurance may have a differential impact on the health of older adults. This has rarely been studied before. In this paper, the panel data of the third phase of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2013, 2015 and 2018 were used to investigate the impact of participation in social medical insurance (SMI) and commercial medical insurance (CMI) on the health of urban older adults and its mechanism relationship. The study found that SMI had a positive impact on the mental health of older adults, but only in the eastern region. Participation in CMI was positively correlated with the health of older adults, but this association was relatively small and was only observed in the sample of older adults aged 75 years and above. In addition, future life security plays an important role in the process of improving the health of older adults through medical insurance. Both research hypothesis 1 and research hypothesis 2 were verified. The results of this paper show that the evidence of the positive effect of medical insurance on the health of older adults in urban areas proposed by scholars is not convincing enough. Therefore, the medical insurance scheme should be reformed, focusing not only on coverage, but on enhancing the benefits and level of insurance, so as to enhance its positive impact on the health of older adults.

Against the backdrop of the current rural economic transformation and the intensification of the ageing process, land transfer, as an important land policy tool, has gradually become a key factor influencing the consumption behaviour of farmers, especially older farmers. Based on the four-period panel data of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study uses a two-way fixed-effects model to examine the impact of land transfer (land transfer-out, land transfer-in, and two-way land transfer) on the consumption behaviour of older farmers. This study finds that land transfer-out significantly increases the total consumption of older farmers and promotes subsistence, healthy, and hedonic consumption. In contrast, land transfer-in does not show a significant effect on hedonic consumption. The mechanism test reveals that household income plays a key mediating role in the process of land transfer, affecting the consumption behaviour of older farmers. Two-way land transfer promotes the consumption level and the upgrading of the consumption structure of older farmers through income portfolio optimisation and risk diversification.

To investigate the health of China's empty-nest elderly and the impact of social participation behaviour, quantity and types on their health. This national panel data used data from the China Family Panel Studies conducted in 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022. The relationship between social participation and multidimensional health among empty-nest elderly was examined using a two-way fixed-effects model and instrumental variables. The mean health index for China's empty-nest elderly stands at 0.02, with physical health averaging 0.63, mental health at 26.62, and self-rated health at 2.48. Compared to empty-nest elderly lacking social participation, those with social participation exhibit superior health index, physical health, psychological health, and self-rated health (all P < 0.01). The quantity of social participation correlated with better health index, physical health, mental health, and self-rated health among empty-nest elderly. Economic participation and family participation correlated with better health outcomes among empty-nest elderly. Social participation has a positive effect on the health of empty-nest elderly. The influence of economic participation and family participation on the health of empty-nest elderly is more prominent.

在新型城镇化与乡村振兴战略协同推进的背景下，城乡融合发展试验区作为制度创新的先行区域，其人口流动模式的演变对理解中国人口流动规律与城乡融合路径具有重要意义。论文基于山东、江苏、四川、河南、江西、浙江等典型试验区的实地调查数据，运用交叉列表和多元Logit模型，分析试验区的人口流动模式、影响因素及其城乡融合效应。研究发现：① 试验区的人口流动模式呈现由行政层级间的非对称结构向对称性结构转变的鲜明趋势；② 试验区的人口流动模式是制度环境与个体家庭特征、城乡发展感知等因素共同作用的结果；③ 不同流动模式的城乡融合效应存在差异，表现在极端向下流动模式通过精英反哺效应推动城乡公共服务一体化、基础设施一体化，而向上流动(县域内)模式则对社区层面的活动参与有积极的影响。试验区的制度实践视角为识别人口流动模式及其城乡融合效应提供了新的经验证据与解析框架。