The adoption of the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has attracted wide attention because of the equivalent operating mechanism as a synchronous generator, providing a feasible scheme for the distributed generation connected to utility grid. However, the delivered power and frequency of the VSG may easily oscillate when the dramatic power fluctuation occurred in the distribution generation system. Fortunately, the oscillation can be damped though adjusting the rotating inertia and damping coefficient. Thus, to investigate the influences of parameters perturbation on the active power and frequency for a VSG, the small-signal model is derived and the dynamic performances are analyzed in detail. Then, based on the results of parameters analysis, an adaptive control strategy is proposed in this paper. And an optimal damping ratio can be maintained throughout the whole process of operation to suppress the oscillation of power and frequency. Therefore, the dynamic performances of the VSG are enhanced since the dynamic indexes such as the response time and overshoots are optimized. In the end, a prototype of single-phase VSG has been built and the proposed adaptive control strategy has been verified through experimental results.

Confronted with the increasing penetration of renewable energy and hydrogen-powered vehicles (HVs), energy and transportation systems need to be optimized coordinately to improve the economy and reduce carbon emissions. However, the effect of dynamic hydrogen pricing on the optimization performance of energy and transportation systems is scarcely investigated. To realize the low-carbon and economic operation of energy and transportation systems, a hierarchical game between the distributed energy station (DES) and HVs under dynamic hydrogen pricing is put forward. First, a novel dynamic hydrogen pricing mechanism related to the proportion of renewable energy in the energy supply is presented and incorporated into the game optimization, which will promote hydrogen production using renewable energy and minimize the DES operation cost. At the game equilibrium, the HVs completing equivalent aggregation realize balanced hydrogen refueling at the guidance of dynamic hydrogen pricing. Meanwhile, the raised routing optimization method can select a minimum cost route for HVs to refuel based on traffic information. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical game optimization strategy and model is verified by simulations.

As a core of energy internet, the energy router (ER) controlled by information flows can better realise the large scale utilisation of renewable energy. In order to build a cost‐effective energy internet, a modified minimum spanning tree algorithm is proposed to optimise the cable layout among ERs, i.e. topology design. Considering the real‐time and the asynchrony of power transmission in the above topology determined energy internet, an energy routing control method based on Dijkstra algorithm is put forward for source‐and‐load pairs to find a no‐congestion minimum loss path. Besides, the loss allocation and congestion managements are realised at the same time. Finally, the simulation results prove the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed optimisation algorithms.

Matrix converters have been extensively investigated in academia over the last 3 decades. Several review works targeting matrix converter topologies, commutation strategies, modulation and control techniques have been published. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, a review on the potential contributions of matrix converters for applications that are shaping the electric power sector transition towards decarbonization is lacking, namely applications on smart grids, sustainable transportation and electrical drives. This paper presents an extensive literature review on the more relevant research works targeting applications of matrix converters as an enabling key technology for smart and resilient grids, sustainable transportation, and innovation in variable speed electric drives.

Different energy systems are generally planned and operated independently, which result in the low energy utilisation, weak self‐healing ability and low system reliability. Therefore, an adaptive clustering‐based hierarchical layout optimisation method is proposed for a large‐scale integrated energy system, considering energy balance, transmission losses and construction costs. First, an adaptive clustering partition method based on energy balance and load moments is proposed to determine the optimal location of energy hubs and to allocate each distributed generation and load to different energy hubs, forming multiple regional integrated energy systems adaptively. Then, the proposed hierarchical layout optimisation model is formulated as to find the modified minimum spanning tree of the regional integrated energy system and multi‐regional integrated energy systems, respectively, to construct an economical and reliable interconnection network. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimisation model and strategy is verified by simulations.