This study explores how resilience mediates the association between peer victimization and mental well-being among left-behind children in the Chinese cultural context, and how gender groups differ in certain path. Data are collected from a random sample of 471 left-behind children from the City of Huai’an in mainland China. Results of this study shows that peer victimization is not only significantly and directly related, but also indirectly associated with children mental well-being through the intermediary mechanism of resilience. The theoretical model is applicable to both male and female left-behind children with no gender difference. The findings provide empirical support for the proposed theoretical framework that resilience plays a crucial mediator in the relationship between peer victimization and children mental well-being. Empirical evidence also shows that interventions focused on anti-bullying and cultivating resilience may be effective to improve children mental well-being.

In recent decades, grandparents’ increased involvement in child-rearing around the world has accelerated research on grandparenting. However, findings have remained inconsistent, and no reviews have examined how grandparenting dimensions and styles affect child and adolescent mental health. In our systematic review and meta-analysis, we synthesized evidence on the relationship between dimensions and styles of grandparenting and children’s and adolescents’ mental health. In nine databases, we identified 3197 studies on the relationship between dimensions and styles of grandparenting and children’s and adolescents’ mental health, 20 of which we ultimately reviewed. To better integrate the results, we performed a meta-analysis of studies addressing the same mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms). Moreover, to synthesize evidence from the studies, we conducted both random- and common-effects meta-analyses. The reviewed studies involved 11,434 children overall. Among our findings, the associations between positive dimensions and styles of grandparenting and children’s and adolescents’ depression and anxiety were moderately significant (depression: r = −0.33; anxiety: r = −0.12), as were the correlations between negative dimensions and styles and all three mental health outcomes (depression: r = 0.15; anxiety: r = 0.15; internalizing symptoms: r = 0.25). In general, positive dimensions and styles of grandparenting are negatively associated with mental health conditions, whereas negative ones are positively associated. In this article, we discuss those and other findings and propose directions for future studies.