Background: The national essential public health service (NEPHS) has been in operation for more than a decade. Numerous studies examined the utilization of NEPHS by migrants and the factors that influence it, but few examined the effect of NEPHS awareness and utilization on the health of inhabitants, particularly migrants. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the level of awareness and utilization of NEPHS, as well as to examine their health-improving effects on migrants.Methods: Based on the data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, linear probability model, ordered logit model and the propensity score matching methods were employed to investigate impact of awareness and utilization of NEPHS on the health among Chinese migrants. Mediating effect model were used to identify the mechanism of the impact of NEPHS on health.Results: The findings indicated that migrants' awareness and utilization of NEPHS are still insufficient. After adjusting for other factors, the study discovered that increased awareness and use of NEPHS had a beneficial influence on migrants' self-rated health. Further heterogeneity analysis revealed significant disparities in the health consequences of NEPHS awareness and utilization across subgroups. The effect of increased awareness and usage of NEPHS on health is stronger for middle-aged and elderly people, women, and low-educated migrants with urban household registration. The estimated results of the mediating effect model supported the mechanism that increased NEPHS awareness among the floating population could encourage its utilization and further improve the floating population's health.Conclusions: Given that migrants' NEPHS utilization is still low and that NEPHS utilization has a positive effect on health, some targeted strategies, such as a variety of new media communication methods, health education related to occupational disease and tuberculosis prevention, and targeted NEPHS projects for specific groups, such as men, young and middle-aged groups, those with a high level of education, and rural migrants, should be conducted to improve the health of migrants.

The booster vaccination of COVID-19 is being implemented in most parts of the world. This study used behavioral psychology to investigate the predictors of parents’ intentions regarding the COVID-19 booster vaccination for their children. This is a cross-sectional study with a self-designed questionnaire based on two behavioral theories—protective motivation theory (PMT) and theory of planned behavior (TPB). A stratified multi-stage sampling procedure was conducted in Nanjing, China, and multivariable regression analyses were applied to examine the parents’ intentions. The intention rate was 87.3%. The response efficacy (ORa = 2.238, 95% CI: 1.360–3.682) and response cost (ORa = 0.484, 95% CI: 0.319–0.732) in the PMT, were significant psychological predictors of parents’ intentions, and so were the attitude (ORa = 2.619, 95% CI: 1.480–4.636) and behavioral control (ORa = 3.743, 95% CI: 2.165–6.471) in the TPB. The findings of crucial independent predictors in the PMT and TPB constructs inform the evidence-based formulation and implementation of strategies for booster vaccination in children.

The Career Adapt-Ability Scale (CAAS) is the favored method among researchers for measuring career adaptability. The 12-item version of CAAS-SF, which was made by Maggiori, Rossier, and Savickas based on a change to CAAS, has been slowly used by different groups in different countries and regions. As samples for the validation of the scale in this study, 571 Chinese university graduates in the early stages of their professions were chosen. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis suggest that CAAS-SF and CAAS have very similar psychological measurement features and factor structures. And the internal consistency of each subscale and total scale are equivalent to or greater than that of the CAAS assessment. These findings indicate that the CAAS-SF is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating China’s career adaptability. In addition, limitations, issues for further research, and suggestions are emphasized.

Background: Inequality of opportunity (IOp) stemming from social circumstances exists in outpatient service utilization for the multimorbid elderly in China. However, little is known regarding the magnitude of the IOp and its composition. Therefore, this study aims to measure the IOp in outpatient expenditure and provide potential pathways for policy reform by assessing the contribution of each circumstance. Methods: This study included 3527 elderly aged ≥ 65 years with multimorbidity from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study conducted in 2017–2018. An ordinary least squares regression model was used to analyze the circumstance-influencing factors of outpatient expenditure. The parametric approach was performed to quantify the IOp in outpatient expenditure and the Shapley value decomposition method was employed to determine the contribution of each circumstance. By extracting heterogeneity in the residual of the circumstance-dependent equation of outpatient expenditure across circumstance groups divided based on cluster analysis, we captured the effect of unobserved circumstances. Results: Except for pension and distance to health facilities, all the associations between circumstance and outpatient expenditure were statistically significant. The inequality caused by circumstances accounted for 25.18% of the total inequality. The decomposition results revealed that the reimbursement rate contributed 82.92% of the IOp, followed by education duration (4.55%), household registration (3.21%), household income (3.18%), pension (1.49%), medical insurance (1.26%), physical labor (0.99%), unobserved circumstances (0.86%), distance to health facilities (0.83%) and region (0.71%). Conclusions: The priority of policy enhancement is to effectively improve the outpatient reimbursement benefit for treating chronic diseases. Additional crucial actions include enhancing the health literacy of the multimorbid elderly to promote the shift from medical needs to demands and accelerating the construction of rural capacity for providing high-quality healthcare to the elderly with multimorbidity.

Background: The prevalence of abnormal weight is on the rise, presenting serious health risks and socioeconomic problems. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies on the medical cost savings that can be attained through the mitigation of abnormal weight. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of abnormal weight on healthcare costs in China.Methods: The study employed a 4-wave panel data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) between 2012 and 2018 (11,209 participants in each wave). Inpatient, non-inpatient and total healthcare costs were outcome variables. Abnormal weight is categorized based on body mass index (BMI). Initially, the two-part model was employed to investigate the impact of overweight/obesity and underweight on healthcare utilisation and costs, respectively. Subsequently, the estimated results were utilised to calculate the overweight/obesity attributable fraction (OAF) and the underweight attributable fraction (UAF).Results: In 2018, healthcare costs per person for overweight and obese population were estimated to be $607.51 and $639.28, respectively, and the underweight population was $755.55. In comparison to people of normal weight, individuals who were overweight/obese (OR = 1.067, p < 0.05) was more likely to utilise healthcare services. Overweight/obesity attributable fraction (OAF) was 3.90% of total healthcare costs and 4.31% of non-inpatient costs. Overweight/obesity does not result in additional healthcare expenditures for young people but increases healthcare costs for middle-aged adults (OAF = 7.28%) and older adults (OAF = 6.48%). The non-inpatient cost of underweight population was significantly higher than that of normal weight population (β = 0.060,p < 0.1), but the non-inpatient health service utilisation was not significantly affected.Conclusions: Abnormal weight imposes a huge economic burden on individuals, households and the society. Abnormal weight in Chinese adults significantly increased healthcare utilisation and costs, particular in non-inpatient care. It is recommended that government and relevant social agencies provide a better social environment to enhance individual self-perception and promote healthy weight.

This study examines the associations between perceived social support, career adaptability, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career satisfaction among Chinese college graduates in their early careers. The research sample consisted of 571 Chinese college graduates who had job experience ranging from 6 months to 5 years. The sample included individuals with different educational backgrounds, including junior college graduates, bachelor’s degrees, and postgraduates. There were no limitations imposed on the participants’ field of major or work. The Chinese version of the Perceived Social Support Scale, the 12-item Career Adapt-Ability Scale-Short Form, the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Career Satisfaction Scale were used for evaluating the study variables. Using Smart-PLS analysis, the findings suggest that perceived social support, career adaptability, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career satisfaction of Chinese college graduates at the beginning of their careers are positively correlated with each other. Moreover, career adaptability and career decision-making self-efficacy were found to play a mediating role, and a chain mediation effect exists. The results contribute to the development of a strategy to enhance the career adaptability of college students and individuals at the beginning of their working lives and to increase career satisfaction.