To explore the intricate interrelationship between groundwater microbial communities and hydrochemical characteristics in the Mancheng District, Baoding City, samples from karst groundwater and porous groundwater were collected. Hydrochemical analysis and the 16s RNA gene V4-V5 region sequencing method were used to detail the water environmental characteristics and microbial community distribution pattern in the study area. The hydrochemical results reveal notable differences in major ion contents and other hydrochemical indices between karst water and porous water. Microbial community analysis demonstrates that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes are the dominant taxa in both types of water bodies, albeit with significant variations in their proportions across distinct water bodies. The observed disparities in microbial communities between karst water and porous water underscore the influence of environmental factors such as ion concentration and pH on microbial distribution. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) indicates notable associations between microbial community composition and environmental factors in both types of groundwater environments. Studying the distribution pattern of microbial communities and the connection with environmental factors in two types of groundwater lays a crucial foundation for interpreting the functional roles of microbes in groundwater ecosystems.

In high-altitude tectonic regions, significant geothermal activity influences groundwater arsenic levels, presenting crucial resource and environmental challenges. The present study examines the Gonghe-Guide Basin located in the northeastern region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The study employs a comprehensive approach encompassing field sampling, hydrochemical analysis, thermodynamic modeling, and statistical analysis to ascertain the composition and origins of arsenic in geothermal groundwater. The research data indicates that the geothermal groundwater in the area displays weak alkalinity and medium to high mineralization, with the principal hydrochemical types being SO₄₋Cl·Na and Cl·Na. The concentration of arsenic has a notable inverse relationship with Cl⁻ and a positive correlation with water temperature and DO. According to thermodynamic calculations, the most common kind of arsenic is As⁵⁺. The hydrochemical properties of the research area are shaped by rock weathering, evaporative concentration, and ion-exchange adsorption working together. These factors contribute to the favorable circumstances for the formation and migration of arsenic throughout the environment. Notably, the ion-exchange between sodium ions and calcium and magnesium ions significantly impacts the arsenic concentration. This study marks the first discovery of a unique arsenic contamination pattern in geothermal groundwater within the Gonghe-Guide Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, revealing a positive correlation between arsenic levels, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen content. This provides a new perspective on understanding arsenic pollution in geothermal groundwater in high-altitude regions.

(Objective)To reveal the microbial community composition of regional shallow porous brackish groundwater and its response characteristics to groundwater environment, (Method)the first and second aquifers in Taocheng District, Hengshui City were selected, and 10 groundwater source samples were collected for hydrochemical analysis and microbial 16S RNA gene V4-V5 regional sequencing. (Results)The results showed that the shallow brackish groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline and has high ion content. The spatial zonation of the abundance and diversity of groundwater microorganisms is obvious. The number of endemic bacteria in groundwater from upstream, midstream to downstream is 11, 135 and 22 respectively, with a total of 22 bacteria. Proteobacteria is the most dominant in groundwater level, and there are obvious differences in different sections. At the genus level, the main dominant species in each group and sample are Pseudomonas and Hydrogenophaga. In terms of composition difference, Pseudohongiella, Pseudorhodobacter and Limnohabitans are the representatives of UR, MR and LR. (Conclusion)On the whole, the composition of flora in groundwater is sensitive and closely related to hydrochemical processes. Species abundance is affected by alkaline and high salinity environmental indicators, while species diversity is related to depth and DO in weak reduction environment.

To explore the interrelationship between groundwater microbial communities and hydrochemical characteristics in Mancheng district, Baoding city, samples from karst groundwater and porous groundwater were collected respectively. The hydrochemical analysis and 16s RNA gene V4-V5 region sequencing method were used to detail the water environmental characteristics and microbial community distribution pattern in the study area. The hydrochemical results reveal significant differences in major ion contents and other hydrochemical indices between karst water and porous water. Microbial community analysis demonstrates that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes are the dominant taxa in both types of water bodies, but their proportions vary significantly in different water bodies. The difference in microbial communities between karst water and porous water reflects the influence of environmental factors such as ion concentration and pH on microbial distribution. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicates significant associations between microbial community composition and environmental factors in both types of groundwater environments. Studying the distribution pattern of microbial communities and the connection with environmental factors in two types of groundwater provides important basis for interpreting the functional roles of microbes in groundwater ecosystems.

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