Background: Thiopurines are widely used as anti-cancer and immunosuppressant agents, but have a narrow therapeutic index owing to frequent toxicity and life-threatening bone marrow suppression. The nudix hydrolase 15 (NUDT15) genetic polymorphism is strongly associated with the tolerance and myelosuppressive effect of mercaptopurine administration, but the frequency of NUDT15 variants is known to vary among different ethnic groups or nationalities. At present, the NUDT15 gene polymorphism in ethnic minorities such as the Uighur, Kirghiz, and Dai nationalities in China is unclear.Procedure: DNA samples were isolated from 1,071 Chinese children, including 675 Han children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 396 healthy minority children, including 118 Uighur, 126 Kirghiz, and 152 Dai participants. The coding regions of NUDT15 exons 1 to 3 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. NUDT15 genotypes were identified by Sanger sequencing.Results: Five NUDT15 genetic variants of coding regions including rs746071566 (c.55_56insGAGTCG), rs186364861 (c.52G > A), c.137C > G, and c.138T > G in exon 1, and the variant rs116855232 (c.415C > T) in exon 3 were found among the participants. The frequency of NUDT15 rs746071566 variants was lower in the Uighur and Kirghiz populations than in the Han population and in other East Asian nationalities, while the frequency of c.415C > T variants was lower in the Dai population. The c.52G > A variant was relatively uncommon in children of the Han, Uighur, Kirghiz, and Dai ethnic groups. Notably, the rare variants c.137C > G and c.138T > G in a Uighur child were predicted to be disruptive sites.Conclusion: In summary, our results illustrate the NUDT15 polymorphisms in Chinese children of Han, Uighur, Kirghiz, and Dai nationalities, and provide the most effective detection recommendations for different ethnic groups to predict thiopurine-related toxicity, which could be used to guide future clinical thiopurine dose adjustment.

The role of oral JAK inhibitors in the treatment of nail lichen planus (NLP) has recently been reported, but there have been no literature reports on the treatment of NLP with topical Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. We present, for the first time, a preliminary clinical experience with topical ruxolitinib cream, a JAK inhibitor, in a child with NLP. The remarkable results suggest topical ruxolitinib cream may be a potential treatment option for NLP.

Tinea auricularis is a rare superficial fungal infection, which is easily ignored in clinic due to its atypical clinical symptoms or being accompanied with tinea capitis. In this study, a case of annular erythema with scales around the ear canal orifice was reported. After fungal culture and identification, the patient was diagnosed with Trichophyton rubrum infection, and was cured after 3 weeks of topical use of clotrimazole cream.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of autologous cultured melanocytes transplantation (CMT) and non‐cultured epidermal cell suspension transplantation (NCES) in the treatment of piebaldism.Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 30 anatomically based lesions from nine piebaldism patients who underwent either CMT (n = 7) or NCES (n = 23) between 2018 and 2020. The extent of repigmentation and colour matching was evaluated in all recipient sites using a digital imaging analysis system. In addition, adverse effects have also been assessed by follow‐up results.Results: More than 75% repigmentation was achieved in 100% (7/7) and 60.9% (14/23) of the 30 lesions with the CMT and NCES, respectively. There were significant differences between the two methods in terms of repigmentation. The majority of patients had colour mismatches, and there was no discernible difference between the two surgical techniques. Adverse reactions rarely occurred.Conclusion: The present study suggested that autologous CMT may provide better repigmentation in piebaldism patients than NCES with no significant side effects.