Background: High prevalence of mental disorders is associated with psychoactive substances, significantly contributing to morbidity, disability, and premature mortality. Worldwide, individuals who use electronic-cigarettes (EC) and have a mental health diagnosis are more likely to experience stress, depression, and drug use. This study aims to measure the prevalence of both EC use and mental health disorders namely, anxiety and depression additionally to investigate the association between EC use and mental health status among the general population of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted across Saudi Arabia from November 2022 to May 2023. The survey was divided into three sections. The first section focuses on the demographics, while the second part asked about both conventional and EC smoking and their frequency. The third section assessed mental health status using a Patient Health Questionnaire with a 9-item depression scale (PHQ-9) and a 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Results: The study revealed 21.1% reporting EC use in the past thirty days. While 19.8% reported smoking tobacco one or more days within the last thirty days. Regarding mental health, 36.6% of individuals had minimal anxiety, while 42.4% experienced mild anxiety. Moreover, most of the participant were considered to have mild followed by minimal depression accounting for 36.7% and 31.9%, respectively. The results indicated a positive and significant correlation between perceived depression scores and nicotine dependence among EC users. Additionally, there was a strong relationship between gender and nicotine dependence, with men being more inclined than women. Conclusion: There is a correlation between nicotine use and mental health outcomes; people who use nicotine products are more likely to experience anxiety and depression.

Background: People nowadays are more concerned about their financial status and how to improve their quality of life; one method is day trading. This study aims to investigate the association between stress or anxiety and day trading among day traders in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We collected the data through DASS-21, a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. It tells if the person has mild, moderate, severe, or extremely severe emotional status. Our study will focus on two domains: stress and anxiety. Day traders scoring between 0 and 7 on the anxiety scale were classified as normal anxiety. Scoring between 8 and 9 on the anxiety scale, mild anxiety, and between 10 and 14 on the anxiety scale as moderate anxiety. Those scoring between 15 and 19 were classified as severe, and those scoring >20 as extremely severe. Results: Our results showed that out of 387 valid surveys, day traders scoring < 14 on the stress scale were classified as everyday stress (N = 249, 64.3%), and those scoring between 15 and 18 as mild (N = 49, 12.7%) and those scoring between 19 and 25 as moderate (N = 46, 11.9%), those scoring between 26 and 33 as severe (N = 34, 8.8%), and those scoring > 34 were classified as extremely severe (N = 9, 2.3%). Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety and stress is considerable among day-traders. Therefore, it is fundamental to develop more effective health promotion strategies for the target population to make them aware of and learn how to control and prevent these harmful emotional feelings.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a relatively rare, progressively worsening steno-occlusive condition primarily characterized by a progressive narrowing of the intracranial arteries, causing hypoperfusion and consequent cerebral ischemia and infarction. This case report discusses the rare presentation of a patient who was known to have sickle cell disease and MMD. Various investigations have revealed a typical presentation of such a disease through radiological findings. Our report highlights this rare disease and its possible association with other comorbidities, as well as the medical treatment options that patients may undergo with the option of surgical treatment.

Background: Recently, it has been demonstrated that chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) has successfully completed the United States Medical Licensing Examination and the Saudi Medical License Exam. We conducted an evaluation of ChatGPT (released on February 13, 2023) using a standard clinical toxicological case involving acute organophosphate poisoning. The performance of ChatGPT in addressing all of our inquiries was satisfactory in general but with some limitations. Context: This study is conducted in the context of identifying and illustrating the benefits and drawbacks of using language models and artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field, especially rheumatology. Aims: We aimed to illustrate the benefits and limitations of applying the AI and language model in the context of medicine and how it could be valuable, especially in the aspects of diagnosis and treatment of rheumatological diseases. Settings and Design: We wrote a typical and usual presentation for two commonly encountered rheumatological diseases, and we asked ChatGPT four major questions regarding the diagnosis and management. Materials and Methods: We input our typical cases to ChatGPT, and we asked four major questions regarding the diagnosis and management, and then we discussed about how ChatGPT approached it and what kind of limitations or drawbacks are encountered. Statistical Analysis Used: Not applicable. Results: Any practitioner in the field is less likely to overlook the typical, straightforward, and uncomplicated clinical case examples we presented. ChatGPT handled all of our inquiries well, and both the initial and regenerated responses were satisfactory and provided coherent explanations of the underlying logic. Nevertheless, the crucial issue in reality is not about obtaining an accurate diagnosis but rather about taking a suitable medical history and being capable of identifying and confirming the correct signs and symptoms. Conclusion: Language models offer various applications and benefits in the field of rheumatology, such as aiding in medical diagnosis and decision-making, facilitating patient communication and education, and enhancing medical education and training.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that affects the axial skeleton, causing intense pain, progressive joint destruction, and a gradual reduction in physical function. It has been recognized not only as affecting the axial skeleton but as a systemic disease. Since it also causes an increase in the rates of inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, acute anterior uveitis, and mental disorders affecting the quality of life. Furthermore, an association with neurological and cardiovascular events is documented. With the advent of biologics, treating AS dramatically changed due to its high efficacy and tolerable safety. AS can be treated with various biological treatments. Nevertheless, there are differences in traits, including rapidity of onset, long-term efficacy, safety profile, and influence on comorbidities. A better understanding of such traits enables clinicians to make the best decision for each patient, increasing persistence, extending medication survival, enhancing patient satisfaction, and reducing the disease effect of ankylosing spondylitis. In this article, we emphasize biologics' efficacy and safety profile in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. In addition, we discuss the impact of biologics on comorbidities and health-related quality of life.