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Microplastics (MP) in marine environments attract widespread attention due to their small particle size and potential hazardous impacts on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Compared to marine sediments, knowledge about the occurrence of MP in freshwater sediments, especially in river sediments, is limited. Although MP concentrations in sediments and soils have been reported in a considerable number of studies, no standardized method is available for sampling and sample processing. Thus, a comparison of results is hardly possible. The present study reviews over 47 articles to evaluate reports of MP in river sediments and current sampling and processing techniques by highlighting various techniques, equipment and approaches for implementing quality assurance and quality control procedures. The authors emphasize that MP quantification techniques could lead to overestimation or underestimation depending on how sampling and sample processing is conducted. Standardization and harmonization of these techniques are crucial to underpin monitoring decisions aimed at safeguarding the ecological integrity of freshwater environments.
Yasmin Adomat; Thomas Grischek. Sampling and processing methods of microplastics in river sediments - A review. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 758, 143691 .
AMA StyleYasmin Adomat, Thomas Grischek. Sampling and processing methods of microplastics in river sediments - A review. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 758 ():143691.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYasmin Adomat; Thomas Grischek. 2020. "Sampling and processing methods of microplastics in river sediments - A review." Science of The Total Environment 758, no. : 143691.
A large variety of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) to degrade trace organic compounds during water treatment have been studied on a lab scale in the past. This paper presents the combination of inline electrolytic chlorine generation (ECl2) with low pressure UV reactors (UV/ECl2) in order to allow the operation of a chlorine-based AOP without the need for any chlorine dosing. Lab studies showed that from a Free Available Chlorine (FAC) concentration range between 1 and 18 mg/L produced by ECl2 up to 84% can be photolyzed to form, among others, hydroxyl radicals (OH) with an UV energy input of 0.48 kWh/m3. This ratio could be increased to 97% by doubling the UV energy input to 0.96 kWh/m3 and was constant throughout the tested FAC range. Also the achieved radical yield of 64% did not change along the given FAC concentration range and no dependence between pH 6 and pH 8 could be found, largely simplifying the operation of a pilot scale system in drinking water treatment. Whereas with ECl2 alone only 5% of benzotriazoles could be degraded, the combination with UV improved the degradation to 89%. Similar results were achieved for 4-methylbenzotriazole, 5-methylbenzotriazole and iomeprol. Oxipurinol and gabapentin were readily degraded by ECl2 alone. The trihalomethanes values were maintained below the Germany drinking water standard of 50 µg/L, provided residual chlorine concentrations are kept within the permissible limits. The here presented treatment approach is promising for decentralized treatment application but requires further optimization in order to reduce its energy requirements.
Philipp Otter; Katharina Mette; Robert Wesch; Tobias Gerhardt; Frank-Marc Krüger; Alexander Goldmaier; Florian Benz; Pradyut Malakar; Thomas Grischek. Oxidation of Selected Trace Organic Compounds through the Combination of Inline Electro-Chlorination with UV Radiation (UV/ECl2) as Alternative AOP for Decentralized Drinking Water Treatment. Water 2020, 12, 3275 .
AMA StylePhilipp Otter, Katharina Mette, Robert Wesch, Tobias Gerhardt, Frank-Marc Krüger, Alexander Goldmaier, Florian Benz, Pradyut Malakar, Thomas Grischek. Oxidation of Selected Trace Organic Compounds through the Combination of Inline Electro-Chlorination with UV Radiation (UV/ECl2) as Alternative AOP for Decentralized Drinking Water Treatment. Water. 2020; 12 (11):3275.
Chicago/Turabian StylePhilipp Otter; Katharina Mette; Robert Wesch; Tobias Gerhardt; Frank-Marc Krüger; Alexander Goldmaier; Florian Benz; Pradyut Malakar; Thomas Grischek. 2020. "Oxidation of Selected Trace Organic Compounds through the Combination of Inline Electro-Chlorination with UV Radiation (UV/ECl2) as Alternative AOP for Decentralized Drinking Water Treatment." Water 12, no. 11: 3275.
Reliable data on the economic feasibility of small-scale rural water supply systems are insufficient, which hampers the allocation of funds to construct them, even as the need for their construction increases. To address this gap, three newly constructed water supply systems with water points in Nepal, Egypt, and Tanzania were accompanied by the authors throughout the planning and implementation phases and up to several years of operation. This study presents an analysis of their economic feasibility and suggests important factors for successful water supply system implementation at other rural locations. The initial investment for construction of the new water supply systems ranged from 23,600 € to 44,000 €, and operation and maintenance costs ranged from 547 € to 1,921 € per year. The water price and actual multi-year average quantity of tapped water at each site were 7.7 €/m³ & 0.67 m³/d in Nepal, 0.7 €/m³ & 0.88 m³/d in Egypt and 0.9 €/m³ & 8.65 m³/d in Tanzania. Although the new water supply systems enjoyed acceptance among the consumers, the actual average water quantity tapped ranged from just 17 to 30 % of the demand for which the new supply systems were designed. While two of three sites successfully yielded a cash surplus through the sale of water, sufficient for operation, maintenance and basic repairs, no site showed a realistic chance of recovering the initial investment (reaching the break-even point) within the projected lifetime of the technical infrastructure. Reaching the break-even point within 5 years, which would be necessary to attract private investors, would require an unrealistic increase of the water price or the water consumption by factors ranging from 5.2 to 9.0. The economic viability of such systems therefore depends strongly on the quantity of water consumed and the water price, as well as the availability of funding from governments, NGOs or other sponsors not primarily interested in a financial return on their investment.
Philipp Otter; Wolfgang Sattler; Thomas Grischek; Martina Jaskolski; Emanuel Mey; Nico Ulmer; Peter Grossmann; Fabien Matthias; Pradyut Malakar; Alexander Goldmaier; Florian Benz; Calvin Ndumwa. Economic evaluation of water supply systems operated with solar-driven electro-chlorination in rural regions in Nepal, Egypt and Tanzania. Water Research 2020, 187, 116384 .
AMA StylePhilipp Otter, Wolfgang Sattler, Thomas Grischek, Martina Jaskolski, Emanuel Mey, Nico Ulmer, Peter Grossmann, Fabien Matthias, Pradyut Malakar, Alexander Goldmaier, Florian Benz, Calvin Ndumwa. Economic evaluation of water supply systems operated with solar-driven electro-chlorination in rural regions in Nepal, Egypt and Tanzania. Water Research. 2020; 187 ():116384.
Chicago/Turabian StylePhilipp Otter; Wolfgang Sattler; Thomas Grischek; Martina Jaskolski; Emanuel Mey; Nico Ulmer; Peter Grossmann; Fabien Matthias; Pradyut Malakar; Alexander Goldmaier; Florian Benz; Calvin Ndumwa. 2020. "Economic evaluation of water supply systems operated with solar-driven electro-chlorination in rural regions in Nepal, Egypt and Tanzania." Water Research 187, no. : 116384.
Increasing water scarcity is of growing concern in Europe, especially in Mediterranean countries along coastlines. Wastewater reuse reduces water stress, but often requires the absence of pathogen indicators and the application of chlorine to assure residual disinfection. However, the effluent qualities of typical Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) show immense chlorine demands. This makes the supply, handling and dosing of typical WWTP effluent challenging, especially in rural regions. In the work presented here, a vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) was combined with a small-scale solar-driven Onsite Chlorine Generation system (OCG) to further improve effluent qualities for different WWTPs and to produce chlorine stock solution directly at the site. To test different operational conditions the VFCW received WWTP effluent from a) an Activated Sludge and b) a High-Rate Algae Pond system. The VFCW reduced TSS by 92%, COD by 80%, and NH4 by over 99% and the chlorine demand by 85%. The log-unit reduction of the VFCW/OCG system reached ≥5.1 for total coliforms and ≥4.6 for E. Coli. During VFCW passage the already high electrical conductivity further increased to beyond permissible reuse limits due to high evapotranspiration (ET) rates of the planted vegetation Arundo donax. Unique aspects of this setup were that neither chemicals nor external electricity were required to run the system. The elevated chloride concentration of the treated WW (819 ± 132 mg/L) proved sufficient for the production of chlorine stock solution. However, the solar-driven OCG system tested here consumed considerably more electricity compared to other OCGs available on the market. Nevertheless, the system presented here may be considered an efficient disinfection alternative for decentralized WW reuse applications at remote sites with both limited access to grid electricity and strict requirements for pathogen indicators.
Philipp Otter; Stefan Hertel; Jubin Ansari; Enrique Lara; Raul Cano; Carlos Arias; Peder Gregersen; Thomas Grischek; Florian Benz; Alexander Goldmaier; Juan Antonio Alvarez. Disinfection for decentralized wastewater reuse in rural areas through wetlands and solar driven onsite chlorination. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 721, 137595 .
AMA StylePhilipp Otter, Stefan Hertel, Jubin Ansari, Enrique Lara, Raul Cano, Carlos Arias, Peder Gregersen, Thomas Grischek, Florian Benz, Alexander Goldmaier, Juan Antonio Alvarez. Disinfection for decentralized wastewater reuse in rural areas through wetlands and solar driven onsite chlorination. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 721 ():137595.
Chicago/Turabian StylePhilipp Otter; Stefan Hertel; Jubin Ansari; Enrique Lara; Raul Cano; Carlos Arias; Peder Gregersen; Thomas Grischek; Florian Benz; Alexander Goldmaier; Juan Antonio Alvarez. 2020. "Disinfection for decentralized wastewater reuse in rural areas through wetlands and solar driven onsite chlorination." Science of The Total Environment 721, no. : 137595.
Water suppliers aim to achieve microbiological stability throughout their supply system by regular monitoring of water quality. Monitoring temporal biomass dynamics at high frequency is time consuming due to the labor-intensive nature and limitations of conventional, cultivation-based detection methods. The goal of this study was to assess the value of new rapid monitoring methods for quantifying and characterizing dynamic fluctuations in bacterial biomass. Using flow cytometry and two precise enzymatic detection methods, bacterial biomass-related parameters were monitored at three riverbank filtration sites. Additionally, the treatment capacity of an ultrafiltration pilot plant was researched using online flow-cytometry. The results provide insights into microbiological quality of treated water and emphasize the value of rapid, easy and sensitive alternatives to traditional bacterial monitoring techniques.
Yasmin Adomat; Gerit-Hartmut Orzechowski; Marc Pelger; Robert Haas; Rico Bartak; Zsuzsanna Ágnes Nagy-Kovács; Joep Appels; Thomas Grischek. New Methods for Microbiological Monitoring at Riverbank Filtration Sites. Water 2020, 12, 584 .
AMA StyleYasmin Adomat, Gerit-Hartmut Orzechowski, Marc Pelger, Robert Haas, Rico Bartak, Zsuzsanna Ágnes Nagy-Kovács, Joep Appels, Thomas Grischek. New Methods for Microbiological Monitoring at Riverbank Filtration Sites. Water. 2020; 12 (2):584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYasmin Adomat; Gerit-Hartmut Orzechowski; Marc Pelger; Robert Haas; Rico Bartak; Zsuzsanna Ágnes Nagy-Kovács; Joep Appels; Thomas Grischek. 2020. "New Methods for Microbiological Monitoring at Riverbank Filtration Sites." Water 12, no. 2: 584.
Wherever the flow of water in a gravity pipeline is regulated by a pressure control valve, hydraulic energy in the form of water pressure can instead be converted into useful mechanical and electrical energy via a turbine. Two classes of potential turbine sites exist—those with (class 1, “buffered”) and those without (class 2, “non-buffered”) a storage tank that decouples inflow from outflow, allowing the inflow regime to be modified to better suit turbine operation. A new method and Excel tool (freely downloadable, at no cost) were developed for determining the optimal hydraulic parameters of a turbine at class 1 sites that maximize annual energy generation. The method assumes a single microturbine with a narrow operating range and determines the optimal design flow rate based on the characteristic site curve and a historical time series of outflow data from the tank, simulating tank operation with a numerical model as it creates a new inflow regime. While no direct alternative methods could be found in the scientific literature or on the internet, three hypothetically applicable methods were gleaned from the German guidelines (published by the German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water (DVGW)) and used as a basis of comparison. The tool and alternative methods were tested for nine sites in Germany.
Thomas John Voltz; Thomas Grischek. Microturbines at Drinking Water Tanks Fed by Gravity Pipelines: A Method and Excel Tool for Maximizing Annual Energy Generation Based on Historical Tank Outflow Data. Water 2019, 11, 1403 .
AMA StyleThomas John Voltz, Thomas Grischek. Microturbines at Drinking Water Tanks Fed by Gravity Pipelines: A Method and Excel Tool for Maximizing Annual Energy Generation Based on Historical Tank Outflow Data. Water. 2019; 11 (7):1403.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas John Voltz; Thomas Grischek. 2019. "Microturbines at Drinking Water Tanks Fed by Gravity Pipelines: A Method and Excel Tool for Maximizing Annual Energy Generation Based on Historical Tank Outflow Data." Water 11, no. 7: 1403.
To meet the increasing water demand and to provide safe drinking water in Egypt, the Holding Company for Water and Wastewater (HCWW) and its affiliated companies have started a program to develop riverbank filtration (RBF) sites in all Egyptian governorates. The paper gives an overview of water quality changes as a result of RBF, during the initial phase of operation at three sites in Upper Egypt, between 2015 and 2018. Significant changes were observed for chloride, sulfate, iron, manganese, ammonium, and in the bacterial counts. After the initiation of pumping from the RBF wells, it took 2 to 8 months until stable water quality was observed for the hydrochemical parameters and 2 to 14 months for the microbiological parameters. The results showed that RBF wells should be operated continuously, to maintain the advantage of lower Fe and Mn concentrations achieved by the wash-out effect in the aquifer zone, between the river bank and the RBF wells.
Rifaat Abdel Wahaab; Ahmed Salah; Thomas Grischek. Water Quality Changes during the Initial Operating Phase of Riverbank Filtration Sites in Upper Egypt. Water 2019, 11, 1258 .
AMA StyleRifaat Abdel Wahaab, Ahmed Salah, Thomas Grischek. Water Quality Changes during the Initial Operating Phase of Riverbank Filtration Sites in Upper Egypt. Water. 2019; 11 (6):1258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRifaat Abdel Wahaab; Ahmed Salah; Thomas Grischek. 2019. "Water Quality Changes during the Initial Operating Phase of Riverbank Filtration Sites in Upper Egypt." Water 11, no. 6: 1258.
The paper gives an overview on the changes in water quality during riverbank filtration (RBF) in Budapest. As water from the Danube River is of high quality, no problems occur during regular operation of RBF systems. Additionally, water quality improved through the past three decades due to the implementation of communal wastewater treatment plants and the decline of extensive use of artificial fertilizers in agriculture. Algae counts are used as tracer indicators to identify input of surface water into wells and to make decisions regarding shutdowns during floods. RBF systems have a high buffering capacity and resistance against accidental spills of contaminants in the river, which was proven during the red mud spill in October 2010. The removal rate of microorganisms was between 1.5 log and 3.5 log efficiency and is in the same order as for other RBF sites worldwide.
Zsuzsanna Nagy-Kovács; János Davidesz; Katalin Czihat-Mártonné; Gábor Till; Ernő Fleit; Thomas Grischek. Water Quality Changes during Riverbank Filtration in Budapest, Hungary. Water 2019, 11, 302 .
AMA StyleZsuzsanna Nagy-Kovács, János Davidesz, Katalin Czihat-Mártonné, Gábor Till, Ernő Fleit, Thomas Grischek. Water Quality Changes during Riverbank Filtration in Budapest, Hungary. Water. 2019; 11 (2):302.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZsuzsanna Nagy-Kovács; János Davidesz; Katalin Czihat-Mártonné; Gábor Till; Ernő Fleit; Thomas Grischek. 2019. "Water Quality Changes during Riverbank Filtration in Budapest, Hungary." Water 11, no. 2: 302.
There is a nationwide need among policy and decision makers and drinking water supply engineers in India to obtain an initial assessment of water quality parameters for the selection and subsequent development of new riverbank filtration (RBF) sites. Consequently, a snapshot screening of organic and inorganic water quality parameters, including major ions, inorganic trace elements, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and 49 mainly polar organic micropollutants (OMPs) was conducted at 21 different locations across India during the monsoon in June–July 2013 and the dry non-monsoon period in May–June 2014. At most existing RBF sites in Uttarakhand, Jammu, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, and Bihar, surface and RBF water quality was generally good with respect to most inorganic parameters and organic parameters when compared to Indian and World Health Organization drinking water standards. Although the surface water quality of the Yamuna River in and downstream of Delhi was poor, removals of DOC and OMPs of 50% and 13%–99%, respectively, were observed by RBF, thereby rendering it a vital pre-treatment step for drinking water production. The data provided a forecast of the water quality for subsequent investigations, expected environmental and human health risks, and the planning of new RBF systems in India.
Cornelius Sandhu; Thomas Grischek; Hilmar Börnick; Jörg Feller; Saroj Kumar Sharma. A Water Quality Appraisal of Some Existing and Potential Riverbank Filtration Sites in India. Water 2019, 11, 215 .
AMA StyleCornelius Sandhu, Thomas Grischek, Hilmar Börnick, Jörg Feller, Saroj Kumar Sharma. A Water Quality Appraisal of Some Existing and Potential Riverbank Filtration Sites in India. Water. 2019; 11 (2):215.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCornelius Sandhu; Thomas Grischek; Hilmar Börnick; Jörg Feller; Saroj Kumar Sharma. 2019. "A Water Quality Appraisal of Some Existing and Potential Riverbank Filtration Sites in India." Water 11, no. 2: 215.
The supply of safe drinking water in rural developing areas is still a matter of concern, especially if surface water, shallow wells, and wells with non-watertight headworks are sources for drinking water. Continuously changing raw water conditions, flood and extreme rainfall events, anthropogenic pollution, and lacking electricity supply in developing regions require new and adapted solutions to treat and render water safe for distribution. This paper presents the findings of a pilot test conducted in Uttarakhand, India, where a river bank filtration (RBF) well was combined with a solar-driven and online-monitored electro-chlorination system, treating fecal-contaminated Ganga River water. While the RBF well provided nearly turbidity- and pathogen-free water as well as buffered fluctuations in source water qualities, the electro-chlorination system provided disinfection based on the inline conversion of chloride to hypochlorous acid. The conducted sampling campaigns provided complete disinfection (>6.7 log) and the adequate supply of residual disinfectant (0.27 ± 0.17 mg/L). The system could be further optimized to local conditions and allows the supply of microbial-safe water for river bound communities, even during monsoon periods and under the low natural chloride regimes typical for this region.
Philipp Otter; Pradyut Malakar; Cornelius Sandhu; Thomas Grischek; Sudhir Kumar Sharma; Prakash Chandra Kimothi; Gabriele Nüske; Martin Wagner; Alexander Goldmaier; Florian Benz. Combination of River Bank Filtration and Solar-driven Electro-Chlorination Assuring Safe Drinking Water Supply for River Bound Communities in India. Water 2019, 11, 122 .
AMA StylePhilipp Otter, Pradyut Malakar, Cornelius Sandhu, Thomas Grischek, Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Prakash Chandra Kimothi, Gabriele Nüske, Martin Wagner, Alexander Goldmaier, Florian Benz. Combination of River Bank Filtration and Solar-driven Electro-Chlorination Assuring Safe Drinking Water Supply for River Bound Communities in India. Water. 2019; 11 (1):122.
Chicago/Turabian StylePhilipp Otter; Pradyut Malakar; Cornelius Sandhu; Thomas Grischek; Sudhir Kumar Sharma; Prakash Chandra Kimothi; Gabriele Nüske; Martin Wagner; Alexander Goldmaier; Florian Benz. 2019. "Combination of River Bank Filtration and Solar-driven Electro-Chlorination Assuring Safe Drinking Water Supply for River Bound Communities in India." Water 11, no. 1: 122.
Natural water treatment techniques combined with engineered solutions were investigated at demonstration sites in Europe within the AquaNES project. Ultrafiltration is well-established in water treatment, but is not feasible for many water utilities due to its high operational costs compared to conventional treatment. These differences in cost are caused by membrane fouling and the associated cleaning required. This study aims to assess the economic and energetic operation factors based on studies of an out/in ultrafiltration treatment plant for river water and bank filtrate. The fouling potential of both raw water sources was investigated as well as the quality of the resulting water. In addition, the results show the potential utility of a combined approach utilizing bank filtration followed by ultrafiltration in drinking water treatment. In a separate consideration of the treatment process, the water quality does not fulfill the requirements of the German drinking water ordinance. A new method for the removal of dissolved manganese from the bank filtrate is presented by inline electrolysis. While this improves water quality, this also has a significant influence on fouling potential and, thus, on operating costs of ultrafiltration. These aspects lead to a fundamental decision for operators to choose between more costly ultrafiltration with enhanced microbiological safety compared to cost-effective but less stringent drinking water treatment via open filtration.
Robert Haas; Ruediger Opitz; Thomas Grischek; Philipp Otter. The AquaNES Project: Coupling Riverbank Filtration and Ultrafiltration in Drinking Water Treatment. Water 2018, 11, 18 .
AMA StyleRobert Haas, Ruediger Opitz, Thomas Grischek, Philipp Otter. The AquaNES Project: Coupling Riverbank Filtration and Ultrafiltration in Drinking Water Treatment. Water. 2018; 11 (1):18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Haas; Ruediger Opitz; Thomas Grischek; Philipp Otter. 2018. "The AquaNES Project: Coupling Riverbank Filtration and Ultrafiltration in Drinking Water Treatment." Water 11, no. 1: 18.
This paper summarizes results from a half-year sampling campaign in Budapest, when Danube River water and bank filtrate were analyzed for 36 emerging micropollutants. Twelve micropollutants were detected regularly in both river water and bank filtrate. Bisphenol A, carbamazepine, and sulfamethoxazole showed low removal (
Zsuzsanna Nagy-Kovács; Balázs László; Ernő Fleit; Katalin Czichat-Mártonné; Gábor Till; Hilmar Börnick; Yasmin Adomat; Thomas Grischek. Behavior of Organic Micropollutants During River Bank Filtration in Budapest, Hungary. Water 2018, 10, 1861 .
AMA StyleZsuzsanna Nagy-Kovács, Balázs László, Ernő Fleit, Katalin Czichat-Mártonné, Gábor Till, Hilmar Börnick, Yasmin Adomat, Thomas Grischek. Behavior of Organic Micropollutants During River Bank Filtration in Budapest, Hungary. Water. 2018; 10 (12):1861.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZsuzsanna Nagy-Kovács; Balázs László; Ernő Fleit; Katalin Czichat-Mártonné; Gábor Till; Hilmar Börnick; Yasmin Adomat; Thomas Grischek. 2018. "Behavior of Organic Micropollutants During River Bank Filtration in Budapest, Hungary." Water 10, no. 12: 1861.
The study presents results of five sampling campaigns at riverbank filtration sites at the Yamuna and Ganges Rivers in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and New Delhi 2015–2018. Samples were analyzed for organic micropollutants and general water quality parameters. In New Delhi and Uttar Pradesh, 17 micropollutants were detected frequently at relevant concentrations. Out of the detected micropollutants, 1H-benzotriazole, caffeine, cotinine, diclofenac, diuron, gabapentin and paracetamol were frequently detected with concentrations exceeding 1000 ng/L. Sites in Uttarakhand showed only infrequent occurrence of organic micropollutants. The mean concentration of micropollutants in the well water was lower compared to the river water. For all sites, removal rates for all micropollutants were calculated from the obtained data. Thereby, the capacity of riverbank filtration for the removal of organic micropollutants is highlighted, even for extremely polluted rivers such as the Yamuna.
Heinrich Glorian; Hilmar Börnick; Cornelius Sandhu; Thomas Grischek. Water Quality Monitoring in Northern India for an Evaluation of the Efficiency of Bank Filtration Sites. Water 2018, 10, 1804 .
AMA StyleHeinrich Glorian, Hilmar Börnick, Cornelius Sandhu, Thomas Grischek. Water Quality Monitoring in Northern India for an Evaluation of the Efficiency of Bank Filtration Sites. Water. 2018; 10 (12):1804.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeinrich Glorian; Hilmar Börnick; Cornelius Sandhu; Thomas Grischek. 2018. "Water Quality Monitoring in Northern India for an Evaluation of the Efficiency of Bank Filtration Sites." Water 10, no. 12: 1804.
The climate-related variables, river discharge, and water temperature, are the main factors controlling the quality of the bank filtrate by affecting infiltration rates, travel times, and redox conditions. The impact of temperature and discharge on manganese release from a riverbed were assessed by water quality data from a monitoring transect at a riverbank filtration site in Dresden-Tolkewitz. Column experiments with riverbed material were used to assess the Mn release for four temperature and three discharge conditions, represented by varying infiltration rates. The observed Mn release was modeled as kinetic reactions via Monod-type rate formulations in PHREEQC. The temperature had a bigger impact than the infiltration rates on the Mn release. Infiltration rates of 20 °C to trigger the Mn release. With increasing temperatures, the infiltration rates became less important. The modeled consumption rates of dissolved oxygen are in agreement with results from other bank filtration sites and are potentially suited for the further application of the given conditions. The determined Mn reduction rate constants were appropriate to simulate Mn release from the riverbed sediments but seemed not to be suited for simulations in which Mn reduction is likely to occur within the aquifer. Sequential extractions revealed a decrease of easily reducible Mn up to 25%, which was found to reflect the natural stratification within the riverbed, rather than a depletion of the Mn reservoir.
Sebastian Paufler; Thomas Grischek; Marcos Roberto Benso; Nadine Seidel; Thomas Fischer. The Impact of River Discharge and Water Temperature on Manganese Release from the Riverbed during Riverbank Filtration: A Case Study from Dresden, Germany. Water 2018, 10, 1476 .
AMA StyleSebastian Paufler, Thomas Grischek, Marcos Roberto Benso, Nadine Seidel, Thomas Fischer. The Impact of River Discharge and Water Temperature on Manganese Release from the Riverbed during Riverbank Filtration: A Case Study from Dresden, Germany. Water. 2018; 10 (10):1476.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Paufler; Thomas Grischek; Marcos Roberto Benso; Nadine Seidel; Thomas Fischer. 2018. "The Impact of River Discharge and Water Temperature on Manganese Release from the Riverbed during Riverbank Filtration: A Case Study from Dresden, Germany." Water 10, no. 10: 1476.
The aim of this article is to evaluate the removal of natural organic matter and micropollutants at a riverbank filtration site in Krajkowo, Poland, and its dependence on the distance between the wells and the river and related travel times. A high reduction in dissolved organic carbon (40–42%), chemical oxygen demand (65–70%), and colour (42–47%) was found in the riverbank filtration wells at a distance of 60–80 m from the river. A lower reduction in dissolved organic carbon (26%), chemical oxygen demand (42%), and colour (33%) was observed in a horizontal well. At greater distances of the wells from the river, the removal of pharmaceutical residues and pesticides was in the range of 52–66% and 55–66%, respectively. The highest removal of pharmaceutical residues and pesticides was found in a well located 250 m from the river and no micropollutants were detected in a well located 680 m from the river. The results provide evidence of the high efficacy of riverbank filtration for contaminant removal.
Krzysztof Dragon; Józef Górski; Roksana Kruć; Dariusz Drożdżyński; Thomas Grischek. Removal of Natural Organic Matter and Organic Micropollutants during Riverbank Filtration in Krajkowo, Poland. Water 2018, 10, 1457 .
AMA StyleKrzysztof Dragon, Józef Górski, Roksana Kruć, Dariusz Drożdżyński, Thomas Grischek. Removal of Natural Organic Matter and Organic Micropollutants during Riverbank Filtration in Krajkowo, Poland. Water. 2018; 10 (10):1457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Dragon; Józef Górski; Roksana Kruć; Dariusz Drożdżyński; Thomas Grischek. 2018. "Removal of Natural Organic Matter and Organic Micropollutants during Riverbank Filtration in Krajkowo, Poland." Water 10, no. 10: 1457.
In light of the direct entry of surface water by inundation during floods and extreme rainfall events into riverbank filtration (RBF) wells and the consequent risk of contamination, this study discusses the state of the art of sealing the borehole annulus and well headworks in some developing countries exemplified by northern India in context to established guidelines and standards. Accordingly a market survey was conducted and a concept was developed to construct watertight wellhead elements and a flood-proof well chamber. The concept was implemented through the fabrication of the major components of a watertight wellhead in India and the subsequent construction of watertight headworks and a flood-proof chamber for a RBF well in Srinagar (Uttarakhand, India). The study showed that water wells at risk of flooding in general can be made flood-proof. A novel concept of deliberately flooding the well chamber was tested and proved successful. Although the fabrication enterprises and suppliers of well construction material in India currently do not produce non-standardised or special purpose well components, experience from the current study shows that local small-medium enterprises engaged in the unorganized metal working sector possess the technical competence to fabricate some of the major components but in limited numbers. The familiarisation of water supply practitioners and the well construction industry in India on the need and measures to flood-proof wells must be continued through information and education campaigns.
Fabian Musche; Cornelius Sandhu; Thomas Grischek; Pooran S. Patwal; Prakash C. Kimothi; Andreas Heisler. A field study on the construction of a flood-proof riverbank filtration well in India – Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2018, 31, 489 -497.
AMA StyleFabian Musche, Cornelius Sandhu, Thomas Grischek, Pooran S. Patwal, Prakash C. Kimothi, Andreas Heisler. A field study on the construction of a flood-proof riverbank filtration well in India – Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2018; 31 ():489-497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabian Musche; Cornelius Sandhu; Thomas Grischek; Pooran S. Patwal; Prakash C. Kimothi; Andreas Heisler. 2018. "A field study on the construction of a flood-proof riverbank filtration well in India – Challenges and opportunities." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 31, no. : 489-497.
Riverbank filtration (RBF) is a simple yet effective treatment technology that uses the natural soil and aquifer media to remove various pollutants from river water during induced infiltration of river water to pumping wells. However, RBF may not be capable of fully removing chemicals of emerging concern such as personal care products, household chemicals, and pharmaceutically active compounds. As a result, additional treatment systems may be needed. Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) may be one of the options to further improve water quality. In other instances, advanced oxidative treatment of the bank filtrate prior to ASR may also further improve quality. In RBF–ASR coupled systems, bank filtrate is again injected into the aquifer, stored, and then pumped out. A major application for coupling RBF and ASR is to store water to meet peak demands. This is applicable in developed and developing countries to cope with high demand during droughts.
Matteo D’Alessio; Thomas Grischek; Chittaranjan Ray. Water Crisis: Bank Filtration and Aquifer Storage Recharge Systems as Possible Alternatives. Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 2018, 22, 04018028 .
AMA StyleMatteo D’Alessio, Thomas Grischek, Chittaranjan Ray. Water Crisis: Bank Filtration and Aquifer Storage Recharge Systems as Possible Alternatives. Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste. 2018; 22 (4):04018028.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo D’Alessio; Thomas Grischek; Chittaranjan Ray. 2018. "Water Crisis: Bank Filtration and Aquifer Storage Recharge Systems as Possible Alternatives." Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 22, no. 4: 04018028.
Anhand von weltweiten Standortbeispielen wird ein Überblick über das Verhalten von Mangan bei der Uferfiltration gegeben. Für viele Uferfiltrationsstandorte sind Konzentrationen zwischen 0,4 und 1,6 mg/l Mangan typisch. Häufigste Ursache von Mangan im Uferfiltrat ist die mikrobielle Reduktion von Mangan(hydr)oxiden und die anschließende Mobilisierung der löslichen Verbindungen aus der Flusssohle und dem Grundwasserleiter. Die Beschaffenheit des infiltrierenden Wassers und die Zusammensetzung des Grundwasserleiters bestimmen den mikrobiellen Stoffumsatz und somit den Mangangehalt des Uferfiltrates. Die Ausfällung als Rhodochrosit (MnCO3) führt zur Konzentrationsabnahme bei langen Fließwegen und Aufenthaltszeiten. Adsorption ist für die anfängliche Festlegung relevant, da Mangan bevorzugt an vorhandenen Manganoxiden adsorbiert und durch die autokatalytische Wirkung der Oxide schneller oxidiert.
Sebastian Paufler; Thomas Grischek. Herkunft und Verhalten von Mangan bei der Uferfiltration. Grundwasser 2018, 23, 277 -296.
AMA StyleSebastian Paufler, Thomas Grischek. Herkunft und Verhalten von Mangan bei der Uferfiltration. Grundwasser. 2018; 23 (4):277-296.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Paufler; Thomas Grischek. 2018. "Herkunft und Verhalten von Mangan bei der Uferfiltration." Grundwasser 23, no. 4: 277-296.
Epari Ritesh Patro; Thomas Voltz; Arun Kumar; Thomas Grischek. Micro-hydropower in drinking water gravity pipelines: a case study in Uttarakhand, India. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 2018, 26, 332 -342.
AMA StyleEpari Ritesh Patro, Thomas Voltz, Arun Kumar, Thomas Grischek. Micro-hydropower in drinking water gravity pipelines: a case study in Uttarakhand, India. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 2018; 26 (3):332-342.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEpari Ritesh Patro; Thomas Voltz; Arun Kumar; Thomas Grischek. 2018. "Micro-hydropower in drinking water gravity pipelines: a case study in Uttarakhand, India." ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 26, no. 3: 332-342.
Riverbank filtration (RBF) schemes based on the filtration of the river water through adjacent aquifers have been successfully implemented in the plains globally. In the mountainous regions, alluvial aquifers are generally narrow and restricted to the riverbanks. The present study assesses the possibility and potential of RBF in the lower Himalayan region for drinking water supply. Production wells (18–30 m deep) were commissioned on the banks of the rivers (1) Alaknanda in Srinagar (546 m a.m.s.l.) and Kaleshwar (Karnaprayag; 778 m a.m.s.l.); (2) East Nayar in Satpuli (576 m a.m.s.l.) and (3) Mandakini in Agastyamuni (783 m a.m.s.l.) in Uttarakhand, India. Waters from the rivers, production wells, and hand pumps were analyzed for major ions, coliforms and stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H). The wells delivered coliform- and turbidity-free water even during monsoon. The proportion of the bank filtrate was site specific and also varied from monsoon to non-monsoon periods. The Satpuli scheme draws almost completely bank filtrate round the year. The other three schemes substantially draw groundwater and its proportion increases in monsoon. In Srinagar, the well water was chemically similar to the ground water but isotopically similar to the river water. The region also has a complex hydrology with paths that deliver river water containing coliforms and even suspended silt up to ~ 0.5 km inland. A severe flooding event during the study period affected the RBF sites in Srinagar and Kaleshwar, thereby indicating the need to make RBF wells flood proof. In general, the study shows RBF to be an effective and sustainable option to supply drinking water in a few regions of lower Himalayas.
Medalson Ronghang; Ankush Gupta; Indu Mehrotra; Pradeep Kumar; Pooran Patwal; Sudhir Kumar; Thomas Grischek; Cornelius Sandhu. Riverbank filtration: a case study of four sites in the hilly regions of Uttarakhand, India. Sustainable Water Resources Management 2018, 5, 831 -845.
AMA StyleMedalson Ronghang, Ankush Gupta, Indu Mehrotra, Pradeep Kumar, Pooran Patwal, Sudhir Kumar, Thomas Grischek, Cornelius Sandhu. Riverbank filtration: a case study of four sites in the hilly regions of Uttarakhand, India. Sustainable Water Resources Management. 2018; 5 (2):831-845.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMedalson Ronghang; Ankush Gupta; Indu Mehrotra; Pradeep Kumar; Pooran Patwal; Sudhir Kumar; Thomas Grischek; Cornelius Sandhu. 2018. "Riverbank filtration: a case study of four sites in the hilly regions of Uttarakhand, India." Sustainable Water Resources Management 5, no. 2: 831-845.