In this paper, we introduce new three-point fractional formulas which represent three generalizations for the well-known classical three-point formulas; central, forward and backward formulas. This has enabled us to study the function’s behavior according to different fractional-order values of $\alpha$ numerically. Accordingly, we then introduce a new methodology for Richardson extrapolation depending on the fractional central formula in order to obtain a high accuracy for the gained approximations. We compare the efficiency of the proposed methods by using tables and figures to show their reliability.

In this paper, fractional-order system gas dynamics equations are solved analytically using an appealing novel method known as the Laplace residual power series technique, which is based on the coupling of the residual power series approach with the Laplace transform operator to develop analytical and approximate solutions in quick convergent series types by utilizing the idea of the limit with less effort and time than the residual power series method. The given model is tested and simulated to confirm the proposed technique’s simplicity, performance, and viability. The results show that the above-mentioned technique is simple, reliable, and appropriate for investigating nonlinear engineering and physical problems.

In the context of reaching the best way to control the movement of autonomous cars linearly and angularly, making them more stable and balanced on different roads and ensuring that they avoid road obstacles, this manuscript chiefly aims to reach the optimal approach for a fractional-order PID controller (or $P{I}^{\gamma }{D}^{\rho }$-controller) instead of the already classical one used to provide smooth automatic parking for electrical autonomous cars. The fractional-order $P{I}^{\gamma }{D}^{\rho }$-controller is based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for its design, with two different approximations: Oustaloup’s approximation and the continued fractional expansion (CFE) approximation. Our approaches to the fractional-order PID using the results of the PSO algorithm are compared with the classical PID that was designed using the results of the Cohen–Coon, Ziegler–Nichols and bacteria foraging algorithms. The scheme represented by the proposed $P{I}^{\gamma }{D}^{\rho }$-controller can provide the system of the autonomous vehicle with more stable results than that of the PID controller.

Partial differential equations are known to be increasingly important in today’s research, and their solutions are paramount for tackling numerous real-life applications. This article extended the analytical scheme of the homotopy analysis method (HAM) to develop an approximate analytical solution for Fuzzy Partial Differential Equations (FPDEs). The scheme used its powerful tools, the auxiliary function and convergence-control parameter, in the analysis and optimization, which ensures the convergence of the approximate series solution in addition to considering all necessary concepts from fuzzy set theory to provide high precision in the fuzzy environment. Furthermore, the efficiency was shown by applying the proposed scheme to linear and nonlinear cases of Fuzzy Reaction–Diffusion Equation (FRDE) and Fuzzy Wave Equation (FWE).

Constructing mathematical models of fractional order for real-world problems and developing numeric-analytic solutions are extremely significant subjects in diverse fields of physics, applied mathematics and engineering problems. In this work, a novel analytical treatment technique called the Laplace residual power series (LRPS) technique is performed to produce approximate solutions for a non-linear time-fractional gas dynamics equation (FGDE) in a multiple fractional power series (MFPS) formula. The LRPS technique is a coupling of the RPS approach with the Laplace transform operator. The implementation of the proposed technique to handle time-FGDE models is introduced in detail. The MFPS solution for the target model is produced by solving it in the Laplace space by utilizing the limit concept with fewer computations and more accuracy. The applicability and performance of the technique have been validated via testing three attractive initial value problems for non-linear FGDEs. The impact of the fractional order β on the behavior of the MFPS approximate solutions is numerically and graphically described. The jth MFPS approximate solutions were found to be in full harmony with the exact solutions. The solutions obtained by the LRPS technique indicate and emphasize that the technique is easy to perform with computational efficiency for different kinds of time-fractional models in physical phenomena.

From the perspective of the importance of the fractional-order linear time-invariant (FoLTI) system in plenty of applied science fields, such as control theory, signal processing, and communications, this work aims to provide certain generic solutions for commensurate and incommensurate cases of these systems in light of the Adomian decomposition method. Accordingly, we also generate another general solution of the singular FoLTI system with the use of the same methodology. Several more numerical examples are given to illustrate the core points of the perturbations of the considered singular FoLTI systems that can ultimately generate a variety of corresponding solutions.