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Globally, the most problematic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of ruminant livestock is methane (CH4), with a global warming potential 25 times that of carbon dioxide. This work considers the emissions and production effects of powdered activated carbon (PAC) at 0.5% by dry matter (DM) on methanogenic rumen flora as the major source of dairy cattle enteric methane emissions. In total, 180 dairy cattle located in Brymaroo, Queensland (QLD), Australia, were studied in a three-cycle repeated measures ANOVA format with a 4 week primary interval. Emissions eructated during milking and in faecal deposits were measured, and in addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to determine the collective populations of prokaryotic bacteria and archaea as well methanogenic communities for each treatment. Moreover, 0.5% PAC addition reduced CH4 emissions by 30–40% and CO2 emissions by 10%, while improving daily milk production by 3.43%, milk protein by 2.63% and milk fat by 6.32%, on average for the herd (p< 0.001 in all cases). rRNA gene sequencing showed populations of methanogenic flora decreased by 30% on average with a corresponding increase in the nonmethanogenic species. We strongly advocate further on-farm trials with the dietary addition of PAC in ruminant diets to mitigate emissions while maintaining or improving productivity.
Mohammed Al-Azzawi; Les Bowtell; Kerry Hancock; Sarah Preston. Addition of Activated Carbon into a Cattle Diet to Mitigate GHG Emissions and Improve Production. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8254 .
AMA StyleMohammed Al-Azzawi, Les Bowtell, Kerry Hancock, Sarah Preston. Addition of Activated Carbon into a Cattle Diet to Mitigate GHG Emissions and Improve Production. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8254.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Al-Azzawi; Les Bowtell; Kerry Hancock; Sarah Preston. 2021. "Addition of Activated Carbon into a Cattle Diet to Mitigate GHG Emissions and Improve Production." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8254.
This study examined arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)] and fluoride (F−) removal potential of bone char produced from sheep (Ovis aries) bone waste. Pyrolysis conditions tested were in the 500 °C–900 °C range, for a holding time of 1 or 2 h, with or without N2 gas purging. Previous bone char studies mainly focused on either low or high temperature range with limited information provided on As(III) removal. This study aims to address these gaps and provide insights into the effect of pyrolysis conditions on bone char sorption capacity. A range of advanced chemical analyses were employed to track the change in bone char properties. As pyrolysis temperature and holding time increased, the resulting pH, surface charge, surface roughness, crystallinity, pore size and CEC all increased, accompanied by a decrease in the acidic functional groups and surface area. Pyrolysis temperature was a key parameter, showing improvement in the removal of both As(III) and As(V) as pyrolysis temperature was increased, while As(V) removal was higher than As(III) removal overall. F− removal displayed an inverse relationship with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Bone char prepared at 500 °C released significantly more dissolved organic carbon (DOC) then those prepared at a higher temperature. The bone protein is believed to be a major factor. The predominant removal mechanisms for As were surface complexation, precipitation and interaction with nitrogenous functional groups. Whereas F− removal was mainly influenced by interaction with oxygen functional groups and electrostatic interaction. This study recommends that the bone char pyrolysis temperature used for As and F− removal are 900 °C and 650 °C, respectively.
Susan S.A. Alkurdi; Raed A. Al-Juboori; Jochen Bundschuh; Les Bowtell; Stafford McKnight. Effect of pyrolysis conditions on bone char characterization and its ability for arsenic and fluoride removal. Environmental Pollution 2020, 262, 114221 .
AMA StyleSusan S.A. Alkurdi, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Jochen Bundschuh, Les Bowtell, Stafford McKnight. Effect of pyrolysis conditions on bone char characterization and its ability for arsenic and fluoride removal. Environmental Pollution. 2020; 262 ():114221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusan S.A. Alkurdi; Raed A. Al-Juboori; Jochen Bundschuh; Les Bowtell; Stafford McKnight. 2020. "Effect of pyrolysis conditions on bone char characterization and its ability for arsenic and fluoride removal." Environmental Pollution 262, no. : 114221.
Agricultural runoff is a major cause of degradation to freshwater sources. Nitrate is of particular interest, due to the abundant use of nitrogen-based fertilizers in agricultural practices globally. This study investigated the nitrate removal of biochar produced from an agricultural waste product, macadamia nutshell (MBC). Kinetic experiments and structural analyses showed that MBC pyrolsed at 900 °C exhibited inferior NO3− removal compared to that pyrolsed at 1000 °C, which was subsequently used in the column experiments. Concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 mg/L, with flowrates of 2, 5 and 10 mL/min, were examined over a 360 min treatment time. Detailed statistical analyses were applied using 23 factorial design. Nitrate removal was significantly affected by flowrate, concentration and their interactions. The highest nitrate removal capacity of 0.11 mg/g MBC was achieved at a NO3− concentration of 15 mg/L and flowrate of 2 mL/min. The more crystalline structure and rough texture of MBC prepared at 1000 °C resulted in higher NO3− removal compared to MBC prepared at 900 °C. The operating parameters with the highest NO3− removal were used to study the removal capacity of the column. Breakthrough and exhaustion times of the column were 25 and 330 min respectively. Approximately 92% of the column bed was saturated after exhaustion.
Salam Bakly; Raed A. Al-Juboori; Les Bowtell. Macadamia Nutshell Biochar for Nitrate Removal: Effect of Biochar Preparation and Process Parameters. C 2019, 5, 47 .
AMA StyleSalam Bakly, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Les Bowtell. Macadamia Nutshell Biochar for Nitrate Removal: Effect of Biochar Preparation and Process Parameters. C. 2019; 5 (3):47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalam Bakly; Raed A. Al-Juboori; Les Bowtell. 2019. "Macadamia Nutshell Biochar for Nitrate Removal: Effect of Biochar Preparation and Process Parameters." C 5, no. 3: 47.
Victoria R. Terry; Peter C. Terry; Clint Moloney; Les Bowtell. Face-to-face instruction combined with online resources improves retention of clinical skills among undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Education Today 2018, 61, 15 -19.
AMA StyleVictoria R. Terry, Peter C. Terry, Clint Moloney, Les Bowtell. Face-to-face instruction combined with online resources improves retention of clinical skills among undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Education Today. 2018; 61 ():15-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictoria R. Terry; Peter C. Terry; Clint Moloney; Les Bowtell. 2018. "Face-to-face instruction combined with online resources improves retention of clinical skills among undergraduate nursing students." Nurse Education Today 61, no. : 15-19.
This research investigates ethanol production from waste lignocellulosic material (sugarcane bagasse). The bagasse was first pretreated using chemicals and ultrasound techniques. These pretreatment techniques were applied separately and combined. The pretreated bagasse was then fermented anaerobically for biofuel production without enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed higher ethanol production than those reported in the literature. The maximum ethanol production of 820 mg/L was achieved with a combination of ultrasound (60 amplitude level, 127 W) and acid (3% H2SO4 concentration). The combination of two-step pretreatment such as an ultrasound (50 amplitude level, 109 W) with acid (3% H2SO4 concentration) and then an ultrasound with alkaline (23% NaOH concentration) generated 911 mg/L of ethanol.
Manoj Kandasamy; Ihsan Hamawand; Leslie Bowtell; Saman Seneweera; Sayan Chakrabarty; Talal Yusaf; Zaidoon Shakoor; Sattar Algayyim; Friederike Eberhard. Investigation of Ethanol Production Potential from Lignocellulosic Material without Enzymatic Hydrolysis Using the Ultrasound Technique. Energies 2017, 10, 62 .
AMA StyleManoj Kandasamy, Ihsan Hamawand, Leslie Bowtell, Saman Seneweera, Sayan Chakrabarty, Talal Yusaf, Zaidoon Shakoor, Sattar Algayyim, Friederike Eberhard. Investigation of Ethanol Production Potential from Lignocellulosic Material without Enzymatic Hydrolysis Using the Ultrasound Technique. Energies. 2017; 10 (1):62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManoj Kandasamy; Ihsan Hamawand; Leslie Bowtell; Saman Seneweera; Sayan Chakrabarty; Talal Yusaf; Zaidoon Shakoor; Sattar Algayyim; Friederike Eberhard. 2017. "Investigation of Ethanol Production Potential from Lignocellulosic Material without Enzymatic Hydrolysis Using the Ultrasound Technique." Energies 10, no. 1: 62.
The application of pulsed mode ultrasound (PMU) as a pre-treatment for alum coagulation was investigated at various alum dosages and pH levels. The effects of the treatments on turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal and residual Al were evaluated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the operating conditions of the applied treatments. The results showed that PMU pre-treatment increased turbidity and DOC removal percentages from maximum of 96.6% and 43% to 98.8% and 52%, respectively. It also helped decrease the minimum residual Al from 0.100 to 0.094 ppm. The multiple response optimization was carried out using the desirability function. A desirability value of >0.97 estimated respective turbidity removal, DOC removal and Al residual of 89.24%, 45.66% and ∼ 0.1 ppm for coagulation (control) and 90.61%, >55% and ∼ 0 for coagulation preceded by PMU. These figures were validated via confirmatory experiments. PMU pre-treatment increased total coliform removal from 80% to >98% and decreased trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) from 250 to 200 ppb CH3Cl. Additionally, PMU application prior to coagulation improved the settleability of sludge due to the degassing effects. The results of this study confirms that PMU pre-treatment can significantly improve coagulation performance.
Raed A. Al-Juboori; Vasantha Aravinthan; Talal Yusaf; Les Bowtell. Assessing the application and downstream effects of pulsed mode ultrasound as a pre-treatment for alum coagulation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 2016, 31, 7 -19.
AMA StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori, Vasantha Aravinthan, Talal Yusaf, Les Bowtell. Assessing the application and downstream effects of pulsed mode ultrasound as a pre-treatment for alum coagulation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2016; 31 ():7-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori; Vasantha Aravinthan; Talal Yusaf; Les Bowtell. 2016. "Assessing the application and downstream effects of pulsed mode ultrasound as a pre-treatment for alum coagulation." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 31, no. : 7-19.
The expansion of online education for nursing students has created the challenge of finding innovative ways to teach clinical skills. An online intravenous pump emulator (IVPE) modelled on actual IV pumps used in clinical healthcare settings was developed to facilitate online education delivery. The objectives of the study were to implement the online IVPE and evaluate student learning outcomes and perceptions of device use. A mixed method, quasi-experimental design was used. The study was conducted in the School of Nursing and Midwifery at a regional university in Queensland, Australia. Participants were 179 first year nursing students enrolled in a medications course, ranging in age from 18 to 44years, of whom 150 were female. Participants were assigned to one of three groups and trained in the use of IV infusion pumps. Group 1 (n=57) were trained online using the IVPE (ONL); Group 2 (n=73) were trained on-campus using an actual IV pump (ONC); Group 3 (n=49) were trained both on-campus using the actual IV pump and online using the IVPE (ONL+ONC). Competence in using the actual IV pump was assessed for all participants at the conclusion of the training period. No significant differences in learning outcomes, measured by assessment scores out of 80 points, were found between the ONL (M=65.5±9.2) and ONC (M=62.0±14.8; p>.05) groups. Significantly better learning outcomes were evident for the ONL+ONC group (M=68.7±4.9) compared to the ONC group (p<.01). This study highlights that the nursing students became more competent in the skill of preparing and administrating IV infusions when face-to-face and online learning were combined.
Victoria R. Terry; Clint Moloney; Les Bowtell; Peter Terry. Online intravenous pump emulator: As effective as face-to-face simulation for training nursing students. Nurse Education Today 2016, 40, 198 -203.
AMA StyleVictoria R. Terry, Clint Moloney, Les Bowtell, Peter Terry. Online intravenous pump emulator: As effective as face-to-face simulation for training nursing students. Nurse Education Today. 2016; 40 ():198-203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictoria R. Terry; Clint Moloney; Les Bowtell; Peter Terry. 2016. "Online intravenous pump emulator: As effective as face-to-face simulation for training nursing students." Nurse Education Today 40, no. : 198-203.
In this study, the structural alteration to DOC for a range of ultrasound treatments was investigated with chemical fractionation and UV-vis spectroscopic measurement. Ultrasound treatments were applied in continuous and pulsed modes at power levels of 48 and 84 W for effective treatment times of 5 and 15 min. Overall results show that the ultrasound treatments tended to degrade the hydrophobic aromatic fraction, while increasing the hydrophilic fraction to a lesser extent. The highest recorded reduction of hydrophobic DOC (17.8%) was achieved with pulse treatment of 84 W for15 min, while the highest increase in the hydrophilic DOC (10.5%) was obtained with continuous treatment at 84 W and 5 min. The optimal ultrasound treatment conditions were found to be pulse mode at high power and short treatment time, causing a minimal increase in the hydrophilic fraction of 1.3% with moderate removal of the hydrophobic fraction of 15.52%. The same treatment conditions, with longer treatment time, resulted in the highest removal of SUVA254 and SUVA280 of 17.09% and 16.93, respectively. These results indicate the potential for ultrasound treatments in DOC structural alteration. The hydrophobic fraction showed strong and significant correlations with UV absorbance at 254 and 280 nm. A254/A204 also exhibited strong and significant correlations with the hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio. The other UV ratios (A250/A365 (E2/E3) and A254/A436) had weak and insignificant correlations with the hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio. This confirms the applicability of UV indices as a suitable surrogate method for estimating the hydrophobic/hydrophilic structure.
Raed A. Al-Juboori; Talal Yusaf; Vasantha Aravinthan; Leslie Bowtell. Tracking ultrasonically structural changes of natural aquatic organic carbon: Chemical fractionation and spectroscopic approaches. Chemosphere 2016, 145, 231 -248.
AMA StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori, Talal Yusaf, Vasantha Aravinthan, Leslie Bowtell. Tracking ultrasonically structural changes of natural aquatic organic carbon: Chemical fractionation and spectroscopic approaches. Chemosphere. 2016; 145 ():231-248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori; Talal Yusaf; Vasantha Aravinthan; Leslie Bowtell. 2016. "Tracking ultrasonically structural changes of natural aquatic organic carbon: Chemical fractionation and spectroscopic approaches." Chemosphere 145, no. : 231-248.
The application of pulsed ultrasound for DOC removal from natural water samples has been thoroughly investigated in this work. Natural water samples were treated with ultrasound at power levels of 48 and 84 W with treatment times of 5 and 15 min. Chemical fractionation was conducted for both untreated and treated samples to clearly identify the change in DOC structure caused by ultrasonic treatments. Statistical analyses applying 2(3) factorial design were performed to study the behaviour of the response (i.e. DOC removal) under different operating conditions. Overall, ultrasonic treatments resulted in DOC removal of 7-15% depending on the applied operating conditions. The treated water had high microbial loading that interfered with DOC removal due primarily to the release of microbial products when exposed to ultrasound. Pulse ultrasound was found to be more effective than the continuous mode for DOC removal at the same effective power level. A regression model was developed and tested for DOC removal prediction. The model was adequate in predicting DOC removal with a maximum deviation from the experimental data of <11%. Pulsed ultrasound at low power levels and short treatment times was found to be the most energy efficient treatment for DOC removal.
Raed A. Al-Juboori; Talal Yusaf; Vasantha Aravinthan; Les Bowtell. Investigating natural organic carbon removal and structural alteration induced by pulsed ultrasound. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 541, 1019 -1030.
AMA StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori, Talal Yusaf, Vasantha Aravinthan, Les Bowtell. Investigating natural organic carbon removal and structural alteration induced by pulsed ultrasound. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 541 ():1019-1030.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori; Talal Yusaf; Vasantha Aravinthan; Les Bowtell. 2016. "Investigating natural organic carbon removal and structural alteration induced by pulsed ultrasound." Science of The Total Environment 541, no. : 1019-1030.
To date, the successful application of large scale ultrasound in water treatment has been a challenge. Magnetostrictive ultrasound technologies for constructing a large-scale water treatment system are proposed in this study. Comprehensive energy evaluation of the proposed system was conducted. The effects of chosen waveform, scalability and reactor design on the performance of the system were explored using chemical dosimetry. Of the fundamental waveforms tested; sine, triangle and square, the highest chemical yield resulted from the square wave source. Scaling up from the 0.5L bench-scale system to the 15 L large-scale unit resulted in a gain of approximately 50% in sonochemical efficiency (SE) for the system. The use of a reactor tank with 45° inclined sides further increased SE of the system by 70%. The ability of the large scale system in removing contaminants from natural water samples was also investigated. The results revealed that the large-scale unit was capable of achieving a maximum removal of microbes and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of 35% and 5.7% respectively at a power density approximately 3.9 W/L. The results of this study suggest that magnetostrictive ultrasound technology excited with square wave has the potential to be competitive in the water treatment industry.
Raed A. Al-Juboori; Leslie A. Bowtell; Talal Yusaf; Vasantha Aravinthan. Insights into the scalability of magnetostrictive ultrasound technology for water treatment applications. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 2016, 28, 357 -366.
AMA StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori, Leslie A. Bowtell, Talal Yusaf, Vasantha Aravinthan. Insights into the scalability of magnetostrictive ultrasound technology for water treatment applications. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2016; 28 ():357-366.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori; Leslie A. Bowtell; Talal Yusaf; Vasantha Aravinthan. 2016. "Insights into the scalability of magnetostrictive ultrasound technology for water treatment applications." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 28, no. : 357-366.
Energy characterization of a pulsed ultrasonic system was carried out using a modified calorimetric method. Sonochemical efficiency (SE) for the oxidation of Fe+2 and the formation of H2O2 was determined for selected on:off ratios (R) and different power levels. The measured efficiency of the pulsed ultrasonic system of 60-70% in converting electrical energy into calorimetric energy was found to be constant for all Rratios and equivalent to that for continuous operation. SE of Fe+2 and H2O2 for pulsed ultrasound was higher than that of continuous ultrasound. The ratio R=0.2:0.1 had the highest SE values overall, while for long off-timeratios,R=0.1:0.6 recorded the highest value of SE. These results were supported by the production rates results for Fe+2 and H2O2
Raed A. Al-Juboori; Talal Yusaf; Leslie Bowtell. Energy Conversion Efficiency of Pulsed Ultrasound. Energy Procedia 2015, 75, 1560 -1568.
AMA StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori, Talal Yusaf, Leslie Bowtell. Energy Conversion Efficiency of Pulsed Ultrasound. Energy Procedia. 2015; 75 ():1560-1568.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori; Talal Yusaf; Leslie Bowtell. 2015. "Energy Conversion Efficiency of Pulsed Ultrasound." Energy Procedia 75, no. : 1560-1568.
Obtaining accurate power characteristics of ultrasonic treatment systems is an important step towards their industrial scalability. Calorimetric measurements are most commonly used for quantifying the dissipated ultrasonic power. However, accuracy of these measurements is affected by various heat losses, especially when working at high power densities. In this work, electrical power measurements were conducted at all locations in the piezoelectric ultrasonic system equipped with ½″ and ¾″ probes. A set of heat transfer calculations were developed to estimate the convection heat losses from the reaction solution. Chemical dosimeters represented by the oxidation of potassium iodide, Fricke solution and 4-nitrophenol were used to chemically correlate the effect of various electrical amplitudes and treatment regimes. This allowed estimation of sonochemical-efficiency (SE) and energy conversion (XUS) of the ultrasonic system. Results of this study showed overall conversion efficiencies of 60-70%. This correlated well with the chemical dosimeter yield curves of both organic and inorganic aqueous solutions. All dosimeters showed bubble shielding and coalescence effects at higher ultrasonic power levels, less pronounced for the ½″ probe case. SE and XUS values in the range of 10(-10) mol/J and 10(-3) J/J respectively confirmed that conversion of ultrasonic power to chemical yield declined with amplitude.
Raed A. Al-Juboori; Talal Yusaf; Leslie Bowtell; Vasantha Aravinthan. Energy characterisation of ultrasonic systems for industrial processes. Ultrasonics 2015, 57, 18 -30.
AMA StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori, Talal Yusaf, Leslie Bowtell, Vasantha Aravinthan. Energy characterisation of ultrasonic systems for industrial processes. Ultrasonics. 2015; 57 ():18-30.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori; Talal Yusaf; Leslie Bowtell; Vasantha Aravinthan. 2015. "Energy characterisation of ultrasonic systems for industrial processes." Ultrasonics 57, no. : 18-30.
The deterioration of surface water quality due to extreme weather events and increasing human activities has exacerbated the common problems in drinking water production such as filtration fouling and DPBs formation. This in turn has urged for exploring alternative methods for the traditional treatment methods that are able to improve the removal of contaminants with minimal impact on environment and human health. In this study, the application of pulsed and continuous ultrasound for improving the quality of natural water with fresh natural organic matter (NOM) mainly driven from vegetation has been evaluated. The evaluation was performed using cost-effective and quick measurements such as specific UV–vis absorbance, CODMn, alkalinity and conductivity. The changes in the characteristics of NOM induced by ultrasound were used to develop a framework for evaluating ultrasound performance in improving conventional surface water treatment processes and to identify the best fit of ultrasound within the treatment scheme. Results of this study showed that pulsed ultrasound was as effective as or in some cases better than continuous ultrasound in improving water quality. According to the adapted assessment criteria supported by an extensive literature survey, the most effective location of ultrasound treatment within surface water treatment scheme was found to be prior to coagulation/flocculation.
Raed A. Al-Juboori; Talal Yusaf; Vasantha Aravinthan; Pamela A. Pittaway; Leslie Bowtell. Investigating the feasibility and the optimal location of pulsed ultrasound in surface water treatment schemes. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2015, 57, 4769 -4787.
AMA StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori, Talal Yusaf, Vasantha Aravinthan, Pamela A. Pittaway, Leslie Bowtell. Investigating the feasibility and the optimal location of pulsed ultrasound in surface water treatment schemes. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT. 2015; 57 (11):4769-4787.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaed A. Al-Juboori; Talal Yusaf; Vasantha Aravinthan; Pamela A. Pittaway; Leslie Bowtell. 2015. "Investigating the feasibility and the optimal location of pulsed ultrasound in surface water treatment schemes." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 57, no. 11: 4769-4787.
Clinical practice is a key element of nursing studies programmes. Amongst its aims are familiarisation with medical equipment, appropriate use of clinical reasoning in a ward setting and calculation and delivery of patient medication fluids requirements. The setting for this is typically a simulated ward environment and is structured around group training. While this is cost effective, it does not cater well for minority groups and those wishing to train at their own pace. A number of group dynamic related social issues can also lead to students dominating others within the session. This can result in less than satisfactory learning outcomes for the remainder of the group. Other factors that come into play are the wide age range, social and ethnic backgrounds of the nursing student cohort. Recent Remote Access Nursing Laboratory work has shown a marked improvement in residential school assessment results in areas such as readiness to practice and clinical reasoning levels demonstrated for those students in the trial nursing RAL project. With the aim of further enhancing the effectiveness and at the same time reducing implementation costs an interactive IV pump emulator was developed. Enhancements included guided introductions, provision of additional scaffolding and inbuilt annotated assessments. This paper discusses the techniques used and general implementation of this system and reports on positive results of the conducted trials.
Les Bowtell; Alexander A. Kist; Daniel Osbourne; Victoria Parker. Interactive Emulator System to Aid Clinical Practice Outcomes for Nurses. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 2013, 9, 32 .
AMA StyleLes Bowtell, Alexander A. Kist, Daniel Osbourne, Victoria Parker. Interactive Emulator System to Aid Clinical Practice Outcomes for Nurses. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE). 2013; 9 (S5):32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLes Bowtell; Alexander A. Kist; Daniel Osbourne; Victoria Parker. 2013. "Interactive Emulator System to Aid Clinical Practice Outcomes for Nurses." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 9, no. S5: 32.
Historically, nursing students have shown great difficulty in mastering equipment during clinical practice sessions. A typical example is the Intravenous (IV) pump infusion driver. Traditional training methods have relied upon on-campus practical group training sessions. Recent work in this area has demonstrated that Remote Access Laboratories (RAL) can be employed to enhance nursing education by providing access to an IV pump driver learning activity. The prototype closely mimicked the interface and audible feedback of a commonly used IV pump driver; and controlled a peristaltic pump to deliver the prescribed rates and volumes. This project takes this approach a step further and investigates a completely emulated interface in the same RAL environment. The aim is to target five problem areas that were previously identified. These include the screen navigation and data entry of the IV pump driver; and the correct calculation and entry of medication volumes and rates from a standard fluid chart. To address these issues the learning environment was modified to include a guided learning mode, integrated scaffolding resources and facility of self-assessment. This paper discusses implementation and results of a pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach. Initial results are promising and show a distinct improvement in the practical capability of those students who participated in the trial.
Les Bowtell; Alexander A. Kist; Daniel Osbourne; Victoria Parker. Improving clinical practice outcomes for nurses with an interactive emulator. 2013 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) 2013, 1103 -1108.
AMA StyleLes Bowtell, Alexander A. Kist, Daniel Osbourne, Victoria Parker. Improving clinical practice outcomes for nurses with an interactive emulator. 2013 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 2013; ():1103-1108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLes Bowtell; Alexander A. Kist; Daniel Osbourne; Victoria Parker. 2013. "Improving clinical practice outcomes for nurses with an interactive emulator." 2013 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) , no. : 1103-1108.
â??Given the vast coverage area and dispersed population centres in which nursing professionals practice in Australia, Remote Access Laboratory (RAL) based learning activities would seem to be an ideal match. However while they are commonplace in engineering faculties; in other disciplines such activities are not widely used. This may well be due to the intricacies of these practicals not being as straightforward and readily reproducible as typical physics or science experiments. In our chosen case, the safe practice of intravenous pump driver operations and related clinical reasoning skills are important components for the training of both registered nurses and nursing students. The aim of this research project is to develop and trial remote access technologies that enable nursing students to test their knowledge, skills, and clinical reasoning with intravenous infusion pump drivers. This has been possible by extending the concept of RAL from a physical and tangible experiment, to more conceptual experimentation in any form conducted remotely. In such a context clinical reasoning becomes possible. This paper discusses a prototype system that has been built with collaborative input from the Faculty of Engineering and Surveying and the Department of Nursing and Midwifery. An initial evaluation with a group of nursing students has been completed to assess if such activities can assist with the training of student nurses. Previous work has identified the need to scaffold learning activities that rely on RAL technology; the key conclusion in this paper is that in the context of nursing this has to be taken a step further. RAL activities here require contextualisation to become an effective learning tool.
Les Bowtell; Clint Moloney; Alexander A Kist; Victoria Parker; Andrew Maxwell; Natasha Reedy. Enhancing Nursing Education with Remote Access Laboratories. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 2012, 8, 52 .
AMA StyleLes Bowtell, Clint Moloney, Alexander A Kist, Victoria Parker, Andrew Maxwell, Natasha Reedy. Enhancing Nursing Education with Remote Access Laboratories. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE). 2012; 8 (S4):52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLes Bowtell; Clint Moloney; Alexander A Kist; Victoria Parker; Andrew Maxwell; Natasha Reedy. 2012. "Enhancing Nursing Education with Remote Access Laboratories." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 8, no. S4: 52.
Remote Access Laboratory (RAL) based learning activities are commonplace in engineering faculties; in other disciplines such activities are not widely used. Practicing safe-installations of intravenous pump driver setups and related clinical reasoning skills are important components for the training of nurses. The aim of this research project is to develop and trial remote access technologies that enable nursing students to test their knowledge, skills, and clinical reasoning with intravenous infusion pump drivers. This has been possible by extending the concept of RAL from a physical and tangible experiment, to more conceptual experimentation in any form conducted remotely. In such a context clinical reasoning becomes possible. This paper discusses a prototype that has been build through collaboration betweens the Faculty of Engineering and Surveying and the Department of Nursing and Midwifery. An initial evaluation with a group of nursing students has been completed to assess if such activities can assist with the training of student nurses. Previous work has identified the need to scaffold learning activities that rely on RAL technology; the key conclusion in this paper is that in the context of nursing this have to be taken a step further. RAL activities here require contextualisation to become an effective learning tool.
Les Bowtell; Clint Moloney; Alexander A. Kist; Victoria Parker; Andrew Maxwell; Natasha Reedy. Using Remote Access Laboratories in nursing education. 2012 9th International Conference on Remote Engineering and Virtual Instrumentation (REV) 2012, 1 -7.
AMA StyleLes Bowtell, Clint Moloney, Alexander A. Kist, Victoria Parker, Andrew Maxwell, Natasha Reedy. Using Remote Access Laboratories in nursing education. 2012 9th International Conference on Remote Engineering and Virtual Instrumentation (REV). 2012; ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLes Bowtell; Clint Moloney; Alexander A. Kist; Victoria Parker; Andrew Maxwell; Natasha Reedy. 2012. "Using Remote Access Laboratories in nursing education." 2012 9th International Conference on Remote Engineering and Virtual Instrumentation (REV) , no. : 1-7.
Limitation of direct current (DC) injection into the alternating current (AC) network is an important operational requirement for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. One way to ensure that this requirement is met is to use a power transformer as interface to the AC network. But this adds costs, mass, volume and power losses. In a transformerless system, the inverter forming part of the PV system has to be operated so that the DC content in its output current is below the specified limits. Ideally, there should be no DC at the output of the inverter, but in practice, in the absence of special measures, a small amount of DC current is present. A technique for elimination of the DC-offset is proposed. It is based on the sensing of the DC-offset voltage at the output of the inverter. A sensor output is used to drive a feedback system designed to control the operation of the inverter so that the DC-offset is forced to stay within the acceptable limits. A mathematical model for the DC-offset controller is derived. A design procedure, based on the model, is proposed for the controller. The results of tests performed on a system of 1 kW nominal rating provide validation for the mathematical model.
L. Bowtell; A. Ahfock. Direct current offset controller for transformerless single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverters. IET Renewable Power Generation 2010, 4, 428 -437.
AMA StyleL. Bowtell, A. Ahfock. Direct current offset controller for transformerless single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverters. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2010; 4 (5):428-437.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Bowtell; A. Ahfock. 2010. "Direct current offset controller for transformerless single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverters." IET Renewable Power Generation 4, no. 5: 428-437.
An inverter is essential for the interfacing of photovoltaic panels with the AC network. There are many possible inverter topologies and inverter switching schemes and each one will have its own relative advantages and disadvantages. Efficiency and output current distortion are two important factors governing the choice of inverter system. In this paper, it is argued that current controlled inverters offer significant advantages from the point of view of minimisation of current distortion. Two inverter switching strategies are explored in detail. These are the unipolar current controlled inverter and the bipolar current controlled inverter. With respect to low frequency distortion, previously published works provide theoretical arguments in favour of bipolar switching. On the other hand it has also been argued that the unipolar switched inverter offers reduced switching losses and generates less EMI. On efficiency grounds, it appears that the unipolar switched inverter has an advantage. However, experimental results presented in this paper show that the level of low frequency current distortion in the unipolar switched inverter is such that it can only comply with Australian Standard 4777.2 above a minimum output current. On the other hand it is shown that at the same current levels bipolar switching results in reduced low frequency harmonics.
Les Bowtell; Tony Ahfock. Comparison between unipolar and bipolar single phase gridconnected inverters for PV applications. 2007 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference 2007, 1 -5.
AMA StyleLes Bowtell, Tony Ahfock. Comparison between unipolar and bipolar single phase gridconnected inverters for PV applications. 2007 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference. 2007; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLes Bowtell; Tony Ahfock. 2007. "Comparison between unipolar and bipolar single phase gridconnected inverters for PV applications." 2007 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference , no. : 1-5.