This study aimed to examine the impact of personality on glycemic regulation in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The study group consisted of subjects with T1DM, who were ≥ 18 years of age. The study was conducted in two phases: At baseline, subjects completed the Croatian version of the International Personality Item Pool scale (IPIP50s) and a questionnaire designed to gather socioeconomic data, duration of diabetes, presence of chronic complications, presence of cardiovascular risk factors, frequency, and type of pre-existing hypoglycemic episodes per week. Blood and urine samples were collected and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Each participant was provided with the intermittently scanned glucose monitoring system (isCGM) Freestyle Libre. During the second visit (3 months from the start of the trial), glycemic parameters were collected from the reports generated from the Freestyle Libre system. Estimated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values were significantly lower after three months compared to baseline HbA1c (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). An inverse correlation between the number of daily scans and degree of extraversion among subjects was observed, e.g., higher degrees of extraversion resulted in lower numbers of daily scans, while lower degrees of extraversion, i.e., introvertedness, resulted in higher numbers of daily scans (Rho = −0.238 p = 0.009). There was a positive correlation between emotional stability and time spent in hypoglycemia (Rho = 0.214; p = 0.02). In addition, a shorter duration of diabetes was associated with higher percentages of TIR and vice versa (p = 0.02). Investigating personality traits can be a useful tool for identifying patients predisposed to hypoglycemia and lower scanning frequency. Patients with a longer history of T1DM require closer follow-up and should be re-educated when necessary.

Type 1 diabetes has become prevalent among the adult population, who have increasingly gained access to sensing technology. This study delved into the impact of diet, nutritional status, and the use of a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGM) on glycemic regulation among adults diagnosed with T1D. Employing a prospective design, data were gathered from 151 participants aged 18–60 across multiple cycles. Participants utilized the FreeStyle Libre (FSL) Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM) System and provided dietary details via questionnaires and diaries. The findings unveiled correlations between dietary patterns and glycemic control, with higher protein intake associated with improved glycated hemoglobin A1C values (p = 0.019), yet elevated fat and protein consumption was linked to heightened rates of hyperglycemia. Conversely, no significant relationship was observed between dietary variables and hypoglycemia occurrence. Interestingly, subjects with more readings of glucose levels consumed fewer carbohydrates (p = 0.004) and more proteins (p = 0.000). Furthermore, physical activity and marital status correlated with glycemic stability, while higher education was associated with enhanced glycemic control (p = 0.021). This study confirmed the importance of structured education on glycemic regulation and the importance of dietary patterns in glucose management. Also, the educational role of the FGM system in changing dietary habits was confirmed, which is one of the key factors for improving glycemic regulation in continuous glucose monitoring system users.

Background and Objectives: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but its effects on diabetes-related distress and quality of life (QoL), particularly in patients on intensive insulin therapy, are less well studied. Aim: We aim to assess the impact of CGM on glycemic control, diabetes distress, and QoL in adults with T2DM on intensified insulin therapy. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included 226 adults with T2DM using multiple daily insulin injections or basal–bolus therapy. CGM was initiated at baseline. HbA1c, fasting glucose, and lipid profile were measured at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Diabetes-related distress (DDS-17) and quality of life (MDQoL-17) were assessed at the same time points. Longitudinal changes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results: Mean age was 66 ± 9.1 years; 55% were male. HbA1c decreased from 8.56 ± 1.87% to 7.20 ± 0.90% at 3 months (p < 0.001) and remained improved at 12 months (7.21 ± 1.04%). Diabetes distress declined significantly over time (β = −0.025/month; p = 0.001). Older age and lower income were associated with higher distress. Quality of life improved significantly during follow-up; higher income predicted better QoL, while greater distress predicted poorer QoL. HbA1c did not independently influence QoL. CGM metrics (GMI, mean glucose, TIR, glycemic variability) remained stable after initial improvement. Conclusions: In 226 insulin-treated T2DM patients, implementation of CGM as part of a structured insulin intensification strategy was associated with sustained improvements in glycaemic control, reduced diabetes-related distress, and enhanced quality of life over 12 months. These findings support routine CGM use and highlight the importance of addressing psychosocial outcomes in diabetes care.