Nanotechnology is the formation, running and use of operation at the nanomaterial size scale (1-100 nm). Nanoscale materials can also be obtained by biological synthesis materials via eco-friendly green chemistry based technique. Current development and numerous strategies involved in the green synthesis of nanoparticles were focussed. This review mainly focused on plants which include scientific name, family name, common name, plant parts, its characterization, size and shape of the nanoparticles. Plant extract which was done experimentally gives its various characterization which leads to the identification of compounds of different nano size and shape. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles is in different shapes like spherical, rod, cubic, triangle and also in different sizes. Various application and importance of gold nanoparticles in numerous fields were discussed. The mark of the review is to provide an overview of recent learning in biosynthesized nanoparticles, its characterization and their potential applications.

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are advanced nanomaterials with a size of 2–10 nm and are considered zero-dimensional carbonaceous materials. CNDs have received great attention in the area of cancer theranostics. The majority of review articles have shown the improvement of CNDs for use in cancer therapy and bioimaging applications. However, there is a minimal number of consolidated studies on the currently developed doped CNDs that are used in various ways in cancer therapies. Hence, in this review, we discuss the current developments in different types of heteroatom elements/metal ion-doped CNDs along with their preparations, physicochemical and biological properties, multimodal-imaging, and emerging applications in image-guided photodynamic therapies for cancer.

Phytosynthesis particles are the efficient activity of biomedical and environmental. In this present study, the green synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles using the king of bitter herbal plant Andrographis paniculata was synthesized and characterized using XRD, SEM, HRTEM, AFM, and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. The size of the particles HRTEM shows 50nm, and SEM shows the spherical shape, which reveals the synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles. XRD spectrum shows crystallinity of nanoparticles, and an average size is calculated about 22.97nm. The phytosynthesis TiO₂ shows the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Similarly, toxicity studies have demonstrated the hatching and viability LD 50 value of TiO₂ 250μg/L. The current studys findings suggested that phytosynthesis TiO₂ using extract of Andrographis paniculata exposure to potential hazard factors to biomedical and environmental uses.

The potentiality of nanomedicine in the cancer treatment being widely recognized in the recent years. In the present investigation, the synergistic effects of chitosan-modified selenium nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel (PTX-chit-SeNPs) were studied. These selenium nanoparticles were tested for drug release analysis at a pH of 7.4 and 5.5, and further characterized using FTIR, DLS, zeta potential, and TEM to confirm their morphology, and the encapsulation of the drug was carried out using UPLC analysis. Quantitative evaluation of anti-cancer properties was performed via MTT analysis, apoptosis, gene expression analysis, cell cycle arrest, and over-production of ROS. The unique combination of phytochemicals from the seed extract, chitosan, paclitaxel, and selenium nanoparticles can be effectively utilized to combat cancerous cells. The production of the nanosystem has been demonstrated to be cost-effective and have unique characteristics, and can be utilized for improving future diagnostic approaches.