Agricultural activities cannot be separated from indigenous knowledge (IK), which has developed and continues to be strongly maintained by Bugis–Makassar farmers in the face of rapidly developing science and technology. The objective of this study was to explore the IK practices in rice cultivation of the Bugis–Makassar farmer community, as well as the process of integrating IK and scientific knowledge into decision making. The study used a number of qualitative methodologies to gather information, including meetings, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and semi-structured interviews. Our results show that IK is slowly disappearing and being replaced by middle-aged people and youth, who seem to care more about modernization than assimilation. However, with the existence of Tudang Sipulung, the fading of local wisdom may be inhibited. Tudang Sipulung’s strength lies in the government’s involvement in integrating IK and scientific knowledge into formal forums and agreement. The Tudang Sipulung agreement is formally binding with constitutional sanctions applied. In order to provide optimum benefits, engaging young farmers in the understanding and preservation of indigenous and scientific knowledge is recommended to preserve local culture and transfer modern technology.

Background: Soybean productivity in Indonesia remains low yield due to the occurrence of pests and diseases. Here, our study aimed to determine the number of soybean rows and varieties in the soybean-corn intercropping system and the damage level, pest and predator populations. Methods: The study used a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was soybean varieties (Dena-1, Detap-1 and Deja-1) and the subplots consisted of monoculture (soybean); three rows of soybeans and two rows of corn; four rows of soybean and two rows of corn; six rows of soybean and two rows of corn. Result: The six rows of soybeans and two rows of corn showed the lowest attack rate of Spodoptera litura and Etiella zinckenella, the lowest population of Aphis glycines and Riptortus linearis, the highest predatory population of Crocothemis servilia and Coccinella sp. and the highest predator populations of Euborellia annulata. The highest attack rate of S.litura was in Dena-1. In contrast, the highest intensity of E.zinckenella pest damage was in Dena-1 and Deja-1. The corn-soybean intercropping was recommended as the best practice for sustainable agriculture production due to facilitating in the increase of growth of predator population and reducing the level of crop damage due to pest attacks.

South Sulawesi Province is one of the centers for soybean development in Indonesia. The varieties that are widely planted by farmers in South Sulawesi include Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, Grobogan, Gema, Dering-1, and Burangrang. These varieties have different levels of seed yield and damage levels. This paper aims to provide an overview and information about the types of soybean varieties, the level of pest damage, and the types of pests that cause damage to soybean varieties developed by farmers in South Sulawesi Province. The method used is to collect various information in the form of secondary data and primary data from research results related to soybean varieties, types of pests that damage soybean plants and the level of damage caused by soybean pests in South Sulawes. The results obtained provide information that the highest level of leaf damage caused by Spodoptera litura F. occurred in the Anjasmoro variety 10.94–32.69% followed by Argomulyo 10.16–26.17% and Grobogan 8.61–24.81%. The highest level of pod damage due to pod sucking was found in Burangrang varieties, namely 13.20%, Gema 12.51%, Dering 10.5%, Argomulyo 9.40%, Grobogan 8.50%, and Anjasmoro 7.70%. The level of fruit damage caused by the fruit borer Etiella zinckenella T., the highest occurred in Detam-1 15.71%, Ring 14.50%, Burangrang 10.60%, Gema 10.0%, Argomulyo 8.20%, Grobogan 7.10%, and Anjasmoro 6.70%. The rate of soybean yield loss caused by S. litura F. was the highest at Anjasmoro 8.97%–11.29%, then Grobogan 7.88–12.80%, and Argomulyo 6.77–14.90%. Meanwhile, the percentage of seed yield loss caused by the attack of the pest Nezara viridula L. ranged from 10.0–41.0% for all varieties. Likewise with Riptortus linearis F., the percentage of soybean seed loss caused ranged from 15 to 79% for all varieties.

Soybean productivity in paddy fields is influenced by variety selection and grass management practices. This study aimed to assess several soybean varieties and evaluate the impact of soil processing and weed control on Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR), as well as growth and yield of soybean seeds. Conducted in Sungai Kakap, Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan, during 2021, the research employed a Randomized Block Design with 15 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments included various combinations of tillage methods, weed control techniques, and mulching. The study identified four soybean varieties Detap-1, Derap-1, Devon-1, and Dena-2 with large seed sizes and high yields. These varieties also exhibited resistance to common pests such as Etiella zinkenella, Riptortus linearis, and Spodoptera litura. Weed composition analysis revealed O. sativa and Ageratum conyzoides as dominant species. Weed dry weight was lowest in the perfect tillage + pre-emergence herbicide treatment and highest in the minimum tillage + weeds are not controlled treatment. The highest plant growth and seed yield were observed in the minimum tillage + pre-emergence herbicide and perfect tillage + pre-emergence herbicide treatments. Plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and dry seed yield were significantly higher in these treatments compared to others. In conclusion, varieties Detap-1, Derap-1, Devon-1, and Dena-2 possess suitable physical characteristics for cultivation in Indonesia. The most effective grass management models identified were minimum tillage + pre-emergence herbicide and perfect tillage + pre-emergence herbicide. These findings contribute to optimizing soybean cultivation practices, emphasizing varietal selection and weed control strategies for improved crop performance.

Design of cropping method and type of variety are one of the most important factors in increasing soybean productivity and the level of pest attack and predator populations. This study aims to determine the most effective planting method and variety types in an effort to increase soybean productivity in rainfed lowland areas in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The design used in this study was the split plot design, and the varieties (PU) used were as follows: (1) Detap-1, (2) Devon-1, and (3) Derap-1. However, the subplot (AP) was a planting method and three replicates: (1) farmer’s transplanting method (transplanting row: 20 cm × 20 cm), (2) method of transplanting double rows, and (3) method of transplanting three rows. The results showed that the highest number of branchesper plant was observed in the Legowo three planting method with the Detap-1 variety. The lowest level of leaf damage due to Spodoptera litura attack was observed in the Legowo double rows planting method with the Devon-1 variety (11.07%), and the highest level of leaf damage was observed in the jajar horn planting method (farmer’s method) with the Derap-1 variety (16.47%). The level of pod damage due to Etiella zinckenella attack was the lowest on Legowo three planting method on the Derap-1 variety (9.47%) and the highest on the Legowo double rows planting method on the Detap-1 variety (14.26%). The level of pod damage due to attack by pod-sucking pest Riptortus linearis was the lowest on Legowo three planting method on the (Derap-1) variety (8.02%) and the highest on the pod-sucking pest Riptortus linearis on the Devon-1 variety (13.43%). The length of the trichomes on soybean leaves was the highest on the Devon-1 variety (30.93%) and the lowest on Derap-1 (24.81). The highest number of trichomes on soybean leaves was on the Derap-1variety (57.67) and the lowest on the Devon-1 variety (32.20). The highest length of trichomes was on soybean pods on Detap-1 (29.11) and the lowest on Devon-1 (26.52), while the highest number of trichomes in soybean pods was on Devon-1 (222.47) and the lowest on Derap-1 (148.40). The highest seed yield was observed in Legowo three panting method with Derap-1 and Devon-1 varieties (2.02–2.08 t ha⁻¹).

Indonesia has developed several superior soybean varieties. Each soybean variety has different physical and chemical properties that can affect processed products and soybean quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical, chemical, and functional properties of three superior early-maturing soybean varieties. The research was conducted in Maros, Indonesia in 2022 by planting the Dega-1, Grobogan, and Gepak Kuning varieties and repeated them 6 times. The yields of the three soybean varieties Dega-1, Grobogan, and Gepak Kuning were taken at 1 kg each and 3 repeated, then further analysis of chemical compounds is carried out in the laboratory. The results showed that for physical characteristics, the largest seed size was in Dega-1 (18.57 g per 100 seeds) and the smallest in Gepak Kuning (8.29 g). The highest bulk density of soybean seeds was in the Grobogan and Dega-1 varieties (0.79 kg per m3) and the lowest was in Gepak Kuning (0.77 kg per m3 ), and the lowest number of damaged seeds was in Dega-1 (6.67%) and the highest in Grobogan (11.33). %). Chemical characteristics, highest protein content in Gepak Kuning (39.72%) and lowest in Dega-1 (36.62%), lowest fat content in Dega-1 (12.63%) and highest in Gepak Kuning (14.49%), highest phosphorus content in Gepak Kuning (0.59%) and the lowest was in Grobogan (0.53%), the highest calcium content was in Gepak Kuning (0.40%), and the highest FFA value was in Dega-1 (0.93) and the lowest in Gepak Kuning (0.81). Based on physical properties, Dega-1 is the best compared to the other two soybeans. Meanwhile, based on the size of starch granules, Gepak Kuning gave the best results. For chemical characteristics, in general, GepakKuning has the best quality compared to Grobogan and Dega-1. It can be concluded that Gepak Kuning has the most potential to be developed in supporting food and non-food products, especially in Indonesia.