In this work, a colorimetric sensor array based on six specific color reactions was developed and used for the determination of sulfur dioxide content. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of sulfur dioxide residues in real samples was achieved.

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is a key enzyme for ethanol fermentation under anaerobiosis and is vital for plant growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance. Although the (MDR)-ADH gene family in Morus has not been systematically characterized, this study performs a genome-wide analysis to investigate its evolution and flooding-responsive transcription patterns. In this study, a comprehensive genome-wide bioinformatic analysis of the Morus alba (MDR)-ADH (MaADH) gene family, including physicochemical characteristics, evolutionary relationships, subcellular localization, gene structural organization, cis-regulatory element composition, and interspecific syntenic relationships, was conducted. A total of 20 MaADH genes were identified from the M. alba genome, and all encoded proteins contained the conserved GroES-like alcohol dehydrogenase N-terminal domain (ADH_N) and zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase domain (ADH_zinc_N). Phylogenetic analysis grouped these genes into six evolutionary clades. The identified MaADH genes showed an uneven chromosomal distribution across seven chromosomes. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis of 11 selected MaADH genes showed that most genes are significantly upregulated in the roots and stems under flooding conditions, with a characteristic temporal expression pattern of initial induction followed by attenuation. These results suggest that the differentially expressed MaADH genes may participate in the transcriptional response to flooding stress in M. alba. These results will contribute to further research on the biological function of the MaADH candidates and provide new candidate genes for breeding programs focused on the flood response of M. alba.