Background: Workplace heat exposure can cause a series of heat-related illnesses and injuries. Protecting workers especially those undertake work outdoors from the risk of heat strain is a great challenge for many workplaces in China under the context of climate change. The aim of this study is to investigate the perceptions and adaptation behaviors of heat exposure among construction workers and to provide evidence for the development of targeted heat adaptation strategies nationally and internationally. Methods: In 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional online questionnaire survey via WeChat Survey Star in China, using a purposive snowball sampling approach. A total of 326 construction workers submitted completed questionnaires. The perceptions of workplace heat exposure were measured using seven indicators: concerns over high temperature, perception of high temperature injury, attitudes towards both heat-related training and regulations, adjustment of working habits during heat, heat prevention measures in the workplace, and reduction of work efficiency. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the factors significantly associated with workers’ heat perceptions and behavioral responses. Results: 33.3% of the respondents were moderately or very concerned about heat exposure in the workplace. Less than half of the workers (43.8%) were worried about heat-related injuries. Workers who have either experienced work-related injuries (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.03–1.62) or witnessed injuries to others during high temperatures (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.27) were more concerned about heat exposure compared to other workers. Most respondents (63.5%) stated that their work efficiency declined during extremely hot weather. The factors significantly associated with a reduction of work efficiency included undertaking physically demanding jobs (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.07–1.54) and witnessing other workers’ injuries during high temperatures (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.11–1.43). More than half of the workers were willing to adjust their work habits to adapt to the impact of high temperatures (81.6%). The internet was the most common method to obtain heat prevention information (44.7%), and the most frequently used heat prevention measure was the provision of cool drinking water (64.8%). Conclusions: Chinese construction workers lack heat risk awareness and are not well prepared for the likely increasing heat exposure in the workplace due to global warming. Therefore, there is a need to improve their awareness of heat-related injuries, strengthen high temperature related education and training, and update the current heat prevention policies to ensure compliance and implementation.

The extension of welfare coverage to immigrants and their participation in welfare programmes has been a subject of concern in many countries. By applying the theory of social construction of target groups and a framework of stakeholder analysis, this article attempts to explain why migrants in the construction sector of China fail to participate despite the urban pension scheme aiming to expand its coverage. By analysing social construction and the interaction among the government, enterprises and migrants, this study suggests that migrants in the construction sector are considered a necessity for urban economic development but most migrants are low-skilled with limited education; thus, the policy is characterized by selectivity and inflexibility, which has feed-forward effects on both enterprises and individuals. On the one hand, enterprises select skilled technicians and management personnel to participate in urban pension schemes while compromising with most other construction workers to avoid contribution to the social insurance pool; on the other hand, most individual migrants also believe the unlikelihood of truly benefiting from the urban pension extension. This article suggests that local governments should change their stereotypes and negative attitudes toward construction workers to ensure that the objective of equity could be realized in policy design and implementation.

The study analysed the medical imaging technology business cycle from 1981 to 2009 and found that the volatility of consumption in Chinese medical imaging business was higher than that of the developed countries. The volatility of gross domestic product (GDP) and the correlation between consumption and GDP is also higher than that of the developed countries. Prior to the early 1990s the volatility of consumption is even higher than GDP. This fact makes it difficult to explain the volatile market using the standard one sector real economic cycle (REC) model. Contrary to the other domestic studies, this study considers a three-sector dynamical stochastic general equilibrium REC model. In this model there are two consumption sectors, whereby one is labour intensive and another is capital intensive. The more capital intensive investment sector only introduces technology shocks in the medical imaging market. Our response functions and Monte-Carlo simulation results show that the model can explain 90% of the volatility of consummation relative to GDP, and explain the correlation between consumption and GDP. The results demonstrated the significant correlation between the technological reform in medical imaging and volatility in the labour market on Chinese macro economy development.

Migrant workers in China play a crucial role in economic development. But they face serious problem of old-age income after they get old. Along with the establishment of market-oriented economy, labour’s risk increased. Additional from that, family planning and changes of lifestyles have reduced the insurance function of a family. Government made a series of policy changes and the old-age insurance policies seem encourage migrant workers. But the low participation still remains. Some researchers hold that migrant workers do not realise the importance of old-age insurance or do not want to participate in it. But the low participation still remains. Some researchers hold that migrant workers do not realise the importance of old-age insurance or do not want to participate in it. I refuse the point of review. I will argue that government development philosophy do not support creating migrant workers’ capabilities, which lead to the low participation. Policies review and case study will be used to explain that migrant workers’ strong need in old-age insurance, their rational choice of not strive for the rights of old-age insurance and their lack of capabilities in participation of old-age insurance scheme.

Migrant workers in China play a crucial role in economic development. But they face serious problem of old-age income after they get old. Along with the establishment of market-oriented economy, labour’s risk increased. Additional from that, family planning and changes of lifestyles have reduced the insurance function of a family. Government made a series of policy changes and the old-age insurance policies seem encourage migrant workers. But the low participation still remains. Some researchers hold that migrant workers do not realise the importance of old-age insurance or do not want to participate in it. But the low participation still remains. Some researchers hold that migrant workers do not realise the importance of old-age insurance or do not want to participate in it. I refuse the point of review. I will argue that government development philosophy do not support creating migrant workers’ capabilities, which lead to the low participation. Policies review and case study will be used to explain that migrant workers’ strong need in old-age insurance, their rational choice of not strive for the rights of old-age insurance and their lack of capabilities in participation of old-age insurance scheme.