An easily synthesized ionic liquid was used as an organocatalyst to synthesize carbamates directly from amine, CO₂, and silicate esters.

Calcium carbide was used as a sustainable dehydrating agent for the synthesis of carbamates, glycerol carbonate, and cyclic carbonates directly from CO ₂ .

A Zn(OAc) ₂ catalyst bearing the 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligand was efficient in the N -formylation of organic amine derivatives ( e.g. , amines, amides, and carbamates) using carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and hydrosilanes.