This study aimed to develop novel SSR markers in tomato. Several BAC clones along chromosome 3 in tomato were selected based on their content. The criteria was the availability of genes, either directly or indirectly related to stress response (drought, salinity, and heat) in tomato. A total of 20 novel in silico SSR markers were developed and 96 important nearby genes were identified. The identified nearby genes represent different tomato genes involved in plant growth and development and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The developed SSR markers were assessed using tomato landraces. A total of 29 determinate and semi-determinate local tomato landraces collected from diverse environments were utilized. A total of 33 alleles with mean of 1.65 alleles per locus were scored, showing 100% polymorphic patterns, with a mean of 0.18 polymorphism information content (PIC) values. The mean of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.19 and 0.24, respectively. The mean value of the Jaccard similarity index was used for clustering the landraces. The developed microsatellite markers showed potential to assess genetic variability among tomato landraces. The genetic distance information reported in this study can be used by breeders in future genetic improvement of tomato for tolerance against diverse stresses.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Olea europaea subsp. europaea cultivar Mehras was determined using high-throughput sequencing technology. Chloroplast genome was 155,897 bp in length, containing a pair of 25,742 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions, which were separated by large and small single-copy regions (LSC and SSC) of 86,622 and 17,791 bp, respectively. The chloroplast genome contained 130 genes (85 protein-coding, 37 tRNA, and eight rRNA). GC content was 37.8%. We performed phylogenetic analysis with other isolates. The analysis showed that O. e. subsp. europaea cultivar Mehras has an ancient common ancestor with cultivated olives in Italy, Spain, and Cyprus.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the olive cultivar Mehras was determined using high-throughput sequencing technology. It consisted of 710,808 base pairs and comprised 70 genes, including 44 protein-coding genes, 23 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes, with a GC content of 44.7%. Significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (InDels) were detected throughout the mitogenome. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using other genotypes, including five olive cultivars, three related species, and Olea exasperata as an out-group. The analysis revealed that the olive cultivar Mehras shares an ancient common ancestor with the Frantoio cultivar from Italy and the Manzanilla cultivar from Spain, which confirms previous findings based on plastome sequencing.

Objective: This study intended to figure out the effects of fixed effects and genes such as beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG), prolactin (PRL), annexin A9 (ANXA9), and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2) on the structure of fatty milk acids in Awassi ewes, as well as any potential genotype-genotype interactions. Materials and Methods: Fatty acid (FA) profile and other milk components were examined from 116 Awassi ewes in total. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to extract and genotype their DNA, and either sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis came next. Results: Saturated, medium-chain, and long-chain FA proportions were not significantly impacted by the genotypes of β-LG, PRL, ANXA9, and ACAA2. Conversely, ewes with the β-LG AA genotype displayed higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), while the β-LG AB genotype was linked to the highest levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). It has been demonstrated that PUFA levels are impacted by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ANXA9, while VLCFA and PUFA levels are changed by SNPs of ACAA2. The PRL AA genotype showed the greatest influence on VLCFA. Furthermore, milk exhibited the highest levels of MUFA and PUFA due to the interac¬tion between β-LG and PRL. The interaction PRL-ANXA9 exhibited the greatest levels of VLCFA. Additionally, Dam lambing weight affected the levels of MUFA, MCFA, and long-chain fatty acids. Conclusion: To increase the levels of MUFA and PUFA constituents, the selection program should effectively harness and integrate the synergistic benefits of β-LG, PRL, ANXA9, and ACAA2 as well as their interaction.

The Dromedary camel has a remarkable history amongst cultures across Asia and northern Africa, serving multiple purposes ranging from providing milk, textiles, racing, and acting as pack animals. Recent genetic studies have revealed that many dromedaries are genetically homogenous, indicating that they do not represent different breeds, advocating for camel “type” over camel “breed.” In this study, we leveraged whole genome sequencing (WGS) to sequence 15 Jordanian Alia camels for the first time, alongside 9 Jordanian mixed camels from diverse locations within the country. Additionally, we analyzed 48 publicly available whole genomes of dromedary camels from the Arabian Peninsula for comparison. We demonstrate that the Alia camel is a distinct breed of camel, carefully bred in Jordan for racing and milk production. Compared with other dromedary camels, the Alia is genetically distinct and a unique breed that should be conserved. Our data further suggest that WGS of different camel populations may identify additional breeds and inform approaches to optimize traits and preserve genetic diversity.

Response of Jordanian Tomato Land Races to Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. lycopersici