Globally, metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pose a major public health threat. Many studies have confirmed the causal relationship between risk factors and the etiopathogenesis of these diseases. Despite this, traditional therapeutic management methods such as physical education and diet have proven insufficient. Recently, researchers have focused on other potential pathways for explaining the pathophysiological variability of metabolic diseases, such as the involvement of the intestinal microbiota. An understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and metabolic diseases is a first step towards developing future therapeutic strategies. Currently, much attention is given to the use of biotics family members such as prebiotics (lactolose, soy oligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides or inulin) and probiotics (genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, Streptococcus or Enterococcus). They can be used both separately and together as synbiotics. Due to their direct influence on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, they have shown favorable results in the evolution of metabolic diseases. The expansion of the research area in the biotics family has led to the discovery of new members, like postbiotics. In the age of personalized medicine, their use as therapeutic options is of great interest to our study.

In recent decades, information technology has grown. Computers have become a daily activity, facilitating access to information, faster communication and faster work. If used responsibly, it has many advantages. Objectives: To explore the potential link between prolonged use of computer input devices—such as keyboards and mice—and the development of compressive neuropathies, including carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS), in individuals whose daily routines are heavily reliant on computer-based activities. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken to assess the correlation between the use of computer input devices and the incidence of compressive neuropathies in the upper limbs, with particular attention to repetitive strain, ergonomic posture deviations, and personal risk factors. Results: Current evidence indicates a potential association between prolonged computer use and the development of upper limb compressive neuropathies; however, a definitive consensus within the scientific literature remains elusive. Repetitive movements and non-neutral postures appear to be significant contributing factors, particularly among individuals with predisposing risk factors. Despite increasing awareness of this issue, standardized, evidence-based clinical guidelines for the evaluation and management of work-related nerve disorders remain lacking. Conclusions: While the relationship between computer use and compressive neuropathies remains debated, healthcare professionals should be aware of the risks, particularly in individuals exposed to repetitive strain and ergonomic stress. Further research and the development of clinical guidelines are needed to better understand and manage these work-related conditions.

Background: Musculoskeletal and peripheral nerve disorders have been reported among occupational computer users. However, the relationship between the duration of occupational computer use and ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) remains uncertain. This exploratory observational study investigated whether the duration of occupational computer use was associated with electrodiagnostically confirmed UNE and with ulnar nerve conduction parameters in a selected symptomatic population. Methods: Patients aged 23–68 years who were referred for nerve conduction studies (NCS) because of symptoms suggestive of upper-limb entrapment neuropathy were consecutively evaluated over a 1.5-year period. Among the 62 patients included, 22 met the neurophysiological diagnostic criteria for UNE, whereas 40 did not. The associations between occupational computer-use duration, bilateral ulnar sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes, across-elbow motor nerve conduction velocities (NCV), and the presence of ulnar neuropathy were assessed using univariable and multivariable analyses. Results: Longer occupational computer-use duration showed modest unadjusted associations with lower bilateral ulnar SNAP amplitudes but was not associated with across-elbow motor NCV. In multivariable analysis, age and sex were significant independent predictors of SNAP amplitude, whereas computer-use duration was not (B = −0.086, β = −0.048, p = 0.756). Exposure duration was also not independently associated with bilateral changes in across-elbow motor NCV or with electrodiagnostically confirmed UNE. Conclusions: The findings do not support an independent association between the number of years of occupational computer use and ulnar nerve electrodiagnostic abnormalities beyond the effects of age and sex. However, small associations cannot be excluded because of the limited sample size, the indirect assessment of biomechanical exposure, and the inclusion of a selected symptomatic referral population.