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Technologies-based production practices are critical for agricultural growth and sustainable development in low-income countries like Nepal. In the last few years, tunnel house has been increasingly promoted as tools to enhance smallholder farmers’ livelihood and tackle climate adversaries. However, little is known about what factor determines its adoption and whether it helps smallholders adapt to climate change and experience better livelihood. We address these gaps using the cross-sectional survey data collected from 62 adopters and 92 non-adopters in three municipalities of Bagmati Province. We employed descriptive analysis and probit model and found out that age, farm size, and ethnicity strongly influence the technology adoption amongst smallholder farmers. Additionally, treatment model and ordinary least square (OLS) regression were utilized to examine tunnel technology’s effect. Our study shows that tunnel significantly increases production by 32 tons/year/hectare and protects crops from climate change effects such as heavy rainfall and temperature change. Likewise, tunnel technology increases the net crop income by $1700/year/hectare. However, the economic benefit is not substantial compared to technology’s adoption cost as adopters incur enormous costs of $12,000/year/hectare on equipment, labor and resources. These results suggest policymakers should concentrate on reducing the technology’s cost, which could be achieved through subsidies, financial support, or price control mechanisms. Ensuring technology’s affordability can contribute to smallholder farmers’ sustainable livelihood in Nepal and countries with similar contexts.
Diwakar Kc; Dinesh Jamarkattel; Tek Maraseni; Dilip Nandwani; Pratibha Karki. The Effects of Tunnel Technology on Crop Productivity and Livelihood of Smallholder Farmers in Nepal. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7935 .
AMA StyleDiwakar Kc, Dinesh Jamarkattel, Tek Maraseni, Dilip Nandwani, Pratibha Karki. The Effects of Tunnel Technology on Crop Productivity and Livelihood of Smallholder Farmers in Nepal. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7935.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiwakar Kc; Dinesh Jamarkattel; Tek Maraseni; Dilip Nandwani; Pratibha Karki. 2021. "The Effects of Tunnel Technology on Crop Productivity and Livelihood of Smallholder Farmers in Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7935.
Organic farming is increasingly popular among the farmers of Kathmandu valley. However, the organic growers have been facing issues in production, organic certification, and product marketing. To date, little is known about the challenges faced by the organic growers in Kathmandu valley. This study aimed to explore the status of organic farming, attitudes of farmers towards organic farming, their suggestions for improvement, and strengthening the value chain of organic products. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at Agriculture Knowledge Centre, Lalitpur, Nepal during December 2019 with 37 organic growers directly or indirectly involved in organic farming. The results showed that organic growers face challenges in marketing and institutional recognition. Challenges in product certification and marketing were reported by 45.95% of the total interviewed organic growers while following organic practices (transitional organic). Our study suggested that reducing the cost of production through easy access to organic inputs like organic seeds, fertilizers, and biopesticides are highly desired by the growers. Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) or group certification along with collective marketing could be the policy implications to address the issues. Organic farming in Kathmandu valley is limited to a niche market; however, due to increasing consumer demand for safe, fresh, and local food, the popularity of organic products is extending to other regions within the country.
Dilip Nandwani; Dinesh Jamarkattel; Khem Dahal; Ritikshya Poudel; Suman Giri; Toya Joshi. Attitudes of Fruit and Vegetable Farmers towards Organic Farming in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3888 .
AMA StyleDilip Nandwani, Dinesh Jamarkattel, Khem Dahal, Ritikshya Poudel, Suman Giri, Toya Joshi. Attitudes of Fruit and Vegetable Farmers towards Organic Farming in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3888.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDilip Nandwani; Dinesh Jamarkattel; Khem Dahal; Ritikshya Poudel; Suman Giri; Toya Joshi. 2021. "Attitudes of Fruit and Vegetable Farmers towards Organic Farming in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3888.
The increased demand for food and the challenge for space for agriculture production in urban centers have made the vertical growth system an interesting trend. Agriculture is no longer only the horizontal, traditional, and soil grown method. Urban agriculture has created ways for inner city growers to be able to farm in a restricted space. Vertical farming is the practice of growing crops, especially leafy vegetables such as lettuce, in vertically stacked layers, as this results in significantly higher plant population per unit area. Two research trials were conducted in the fall of 2018 and the spring of 2019 to determine the effect of substrate properties and fertilizers on lettuce yield to optimize the urban production of lettuce. Three substrates (P3 + CF7 = Perlite 30%: Coco fiber 70%, PB7 + C3 = Pine Bark 70%: Compost 30%, and PB9 + C1 = Pine Bark 90%: Compost 10%) along with full and half rates of a fertilizer blend (VertiGro Organics fermented molasses, Ohrstrom’s Maxicrop liquid seaweed, and organic mineral blend) were evaluated on fresh and dried weight yield of lettuce. Substrate physical properties (air space, water holding capacity, total porosity, and bulk density) and substrate volumetric water content were also determined. ‘Nevada’ and ‘Optima’ lettuce varieties showed similar yield responses (fresh and dried weight) to substrate and fertilizer rates in both trials. In the fall 2018 trial, the highest fresh weight was observed in substrate PB7 + C3 with half fertilizer rate, with a mean plant weight of 41.13 g and 49.75 g for ‘Optima’ and ‘Nevada’, respectively. The least mean fresh weight was observed in half fertilizer rate of substrate P3 + CF7. For the spring 2019 trial, PB7 + C3 in half fertilizer strength gave the highest fresh weight for ‘Optima’ and ‘Nevada’ (45.64 g and 41.13 g, respectively). These values were statistically comparable to all other treatments except for substrate P3 + CF7 in full and half fertilizer which gave the least mean fresh weight. Volumetric water content in substrates P3 + CF7 recorded the highest average, while PB7 + C3 gave the least. Higher water holding capacity, total porosity, and lower airspace were observed in substrate P3 + CF7. Higher airspace was observed in PB9 + C1 but was comparable to PB7 + C3. PB7 + C3 gave the highest bulk density in both trials.
Zadarreyal Wiggins; Onyekachukwu Akaeze; Dilip Nandwani; Anthony Witcher. Substrate Properties and Fertilizer Rates on Yield Responses of Lettuce in a Vertical Growth System. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6465 .
AMA StyleZadarreyal Wiggins, Onyekachukwu Akaeze, Dilip Nandwani, Anthony Witcher. Substrate Properties and Fertilizer Rates on Yield Responses of Lettuce in a Vertical Growth System. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6465.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZadarreyal Wiggins; Onyekachukwu Akaeze; Dilip Nandwani; Anthony Witcher. 2020. "Substrate Properties and Fertilizer Rates on Yield Responses of Lettuce in a Vertical Growth System." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6465.
Row covers are gaining interest in crop production for their potential to protect crops from insect pests, frost, increase soil as well as air temperature, and extend growing season, thus producing higher crop yield. However, research on the performance of green leafy vegetables grown under row cover in organic management system is scarce. This paper reports result of field trials conducted on the growth and yield responses of leafy greens in row covers grown in organic production system at the Tennessee State University organic farm. Performance of three row covers, including insect net, Agribon cloth, and plastic, was evaluated relative to control (without row cover) in four leafy greens; lettuce, kale, swiss chard, and collard in spring 2018 and 2019 seasons and data were collected on soil temperature, insect damage, plant height, leaf number, and fresh weight. Results showed that fresh weight per plant significantly (P < 0.05) increased under Agribon cloth in kale, swiss chard, and collard, while lettuce produced significantly higher yield under insect net relative to control (open) in 2018 research trial. In 2019, there were significantly (P < 0.05) higher fresh weight per plant of swiss chard and collard under plastic, while lettuce produced significantly higher under Agribon cloth and kale under insect net compared with control. These results suggested that row covers enhanced crop yields due to increased plant growth associated with reduced insect damage and favorable microclimate. Thus, row covers is a viable option in sustainable production of leafy greens for organic vegetable growers.
Kripa Dhakal; Dilip Nandwani. Evaluation of row covers for yield performance of the leafy green vegetables in organic management system. Organic Agriculture 2020, 10, 27 -33.
AMA StyleKripa Dhakal, Dilip Nandwani. Evaluation of row covers for yield performance of the leafy green vegetables in organic management system. Organic Agriculture. 2020; 10 (S1):27-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKripa Dhakal; Dilip Nandwani. 2020. "Evaluation of row covers for yield performance of the leafy green vegetables in organic management system." Organic Agriculture 10, no. S1: 27-33.
Urban expansion in Asia is concentrated in metropolitan areas. This has adversely affected in‐city food production by decreasing farmlands in and around urban centers. Asian countries have experienced fast disappearance of urban‐fringe farmland which at some point provided 70% of the vegetables consumed by the city's population. Uneven distribution of incomes, along with an increase in urban poverty, has further exacerbated the already critical problems of low quantity and quality and high prices of wholesome food. In India, it is estimated that five out of every six urban families typically spend 70% of their income on food. The United Nations Development Program reports that some 200 million people are employed in urban farming and related enterprises, contributing to the food supply of 800 million urban dwellers. Also, over 85% of the vegetables consumed by the urban population in some Chinese cities are reportedly grown within the bounds of the municipality and an estimated ¥ 2.6 trillion worth of products is produced in “urban‐like areas”. These statistics show that depending solely on rural agriculture to supply the food needs of urban dwellers in Asia is inadequate. This paper highlights compelling evidence in available literature lending support to urban agriculture as a viable option to overcoming food production challenges and adverse effects of urbanization such as environmental pollution and “urban poverty” in Asia.
Onyekachukwu Akaeze; Dilip Nandwani. Urban agriculture in Asia to meet the food production challenges of urbanization: A review. Urban Agriculture & Regional Food Systems 2020, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleOnyekachukwu Akaeze, Dilip Nandwani. Urban agriculture in Asia to meet the food production challenges of urbanization: A review. Urban Agriculture & Regional Food Systems. 2020; 5 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnyekachukwu Akaeze; Dilip Nandwani. 2020. "Urban agriculture in Asia to meet the food production challenges of urbanization: A review." Urban Agriculture & Regional Food Systems 5, no. 1: 1.
Weeds are a challenge, particularly in organic agriculture, due to restrictions on the application of synthetic herbicides and chemicals. A preliminary cultivar evaluation trial of organic sweetpotato was conducted in 2015 at Tennessee State University certified organic farm. Three mulches: wheat straw, pine needle, and black plastic mulch, along with a control (no mulch), were evaluated for their weed management abilities in a sweetpotato field. Four cultivars of sweetpotato were planted in 0.91 m wide mulch beds with 0.3 m row spacing anddrip irrigated with four replications. Data was collected during the growing season on the dry weight of weeds that emerged in a quadrat and yield components at harvest. Results of two-way ANOVA revealed that mulch treatments affected the weed biomass, weed density, and cull yields. Though the use of mulches had no significant effect on other yield components of sweetpotato in this study; it was beneficial for weed management.
Sochinwechi Nwosisi; Dilip Nandwani; Dafeng Hui; Hui. Mulch Treatment Effect on Weed Biomass and Yields of Organic Sweetpotato Cultivars. Agronomy 2019, 9, 190 .
AMA StyleSochinwechi Nwosisi, Dilip Nandwani, Dafeng Hui, Hui. Mulch Treatment Effect on Weed Biomass and Yields of Organic Sweetpotato Cultivars. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (4):190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSochinwechi Nwosisi; Dilip Nandwani; Dafeng Hui; Hui. 2019. "Mulch Treatment Effect on Weed Biomass and Yields of Organic Sweetpotato Cultivars." Agronomy 9, no. 4: 190.
Best horticulture management has been practiced to reduce the amount of inorganic fertilizer in connection with net (mosquito net) for higher production of Indian spinach. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture promoted negative effect on the environment and human health in Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period February to May 2016. Two factor experiments were conducted on nettings: control (N0), Netting (N1) and different fertilizers: control (F0), Vermicompost 10 t/ha (F1), Vermicompost 15 t/ha (F2), 2/3rdof F2+ 1/3rdof F4 (F3), Inorganic fertilizer (F4). Combination of mosquito net and combined of organic and inorganic fertilizers (N1F3) gave the significantly higher growth and yield of Indian spinach compared to other treatment combination. The maximum vine length (77.71 cm), after 45 days after sowing was found from N1F3 which was 72% higher compared to control. The highest yield of Indian spinach was 38.67 t/ha from N1F3 which was 80% higher compared to control. The treatment combination of N1F3 provided maximum leaf numbers per plant, leaf length.
M. Mishu Akther; M. Ashraful Islam; M. Saidee Rahman; M. Rezaul Karim; Dilip Nandwani. Nutrient Management and Effects of Netting on Growth and Yield of Indian Spinach (Basella alba). 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleM. Mishu Akther, M. Ashraful Islam, M. Saidee Rahman, M. Rezaul Karim, Dilip Nandwani. Nutrient Management and Effects of Netting on Growth and Yield of Indian Spinach (Basella alba). . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Mishu Akther; M. Ashraful Islam; M. Saidee Rahman; M. Rezaul Karim; Dilip Nandwani. 2018. "Nutrient Management and Effects of Netting on Growth and Yield of Indian Spinach (Basella alba)." , no. : 1.
Interest in organic sweetpotato production in the United States has been growing as consumers and producers are becoming increasingly concerned about how their food is cultivated. Thus, there is a growing need for information on sweetpotato production and variety selection under an organic management production system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various mulches on yields—total and marketable—of fourteen sweetpotato varieties grown under organic management. Three types of mulch, wheat straw, pine needle, and black plastic, and a control (no mulch) were evaluated during the 2016 growing season. The wheat straw mulch yielded significantly higher yields than the black plastic and pine needle mulch treatments, though it was not significantly different from the control. The total and marketable yields of sweetpotato roots also varied significantly among the varieties, ranging from 39,719 kg·ha−1 for Beauregard to 4925 kg·ha−1 for O’Henry. There was a significant interaction between variety and mulch treatment on total but not marketable yield. More research is needed to ascertain the stability of the effects of varieties, mulch treatment, and their interactions on total and marketable yields and to elucidate other treatments and varieties with better potential to improve sweetpotato yields in organically managed production systems.
Sochinwechi Nwosisi; Dilip Nandwani; Bharat Pokharel. Yield Performance of Organic Sweetpotato Varieties in Various Mulches. Horticulturae 2017, 3, 48 .
AMA StyleSochinwechi Nwosisi, Dilip Nandwani, Bharat Pokharel. Yield Performance of Organic Sweetpotato Varieties in Various Mulches. Horticulturae. 2017; 3 (3):48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSochinwechi Nwosisi; Dilip Nandwani; Bharat Pokharel. 2017. "Yield Performance of Organic Sweetpotato Varieties in Various Mulches." Horticulturae 3, no. 3: 48.
There is little published information on sensory attributes and quality indices of organically grown sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) even though there is a growing demand for this product. A study was conducted to identify the best cultivars based on sensory characteristics and organoleptic acceptability of sweetpotato grown under an organic management production system. Baked samples of 14 sweetpotato cultivars were evaluated by taste panelists on a 4-point hedonic scale for color, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. The cvs. All Purple (purple fleshed), Carolina Ruby (orange fleshed), and Ginseng (orange fleshed) had the highest taste, texture, and aroma scores; the white fleshed cv. Japanese Purple was least accepted overall. The most preferred sweetpotato cultivar was associated with the descriptors pasty, umami (monosodium glutamate like), sodium, and adhesive. The purple flesh color was well liked by all panelists and rated as the top color of all cultivars. Panelist preference was toward nontraditional cultivars.
Sochinwechi Nwosisi; Dilip Nandwani; Dafeng Hui; Ramasamy Ravi. Sensory Evaluation of Organic Sweetpotato Cultivars. International Journal of Vegetable Science 2017, 23, 536 -551.
AMA StyleSochinwechi Nwosisi, Dilip Nandwani, Dafeng Hui, Ramasamy Ravi. Sensory Evaluation of Organic Sweetpotato Cultivars. International Journal of Vegetable Science. 2017; 23 (6):536-551.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSochinwechi Nwosisi; Dilip Nandwani; Dafeng Hui; Ramasamy Ravi. 2017. "Sensory Evaluation of Organic Sweetpotato Cultivars." International Journal of Vegetable Science 23, no. 6: 536-551.
The impact of chemical farming and the negative consequences on the environment and human health in Bangladesh are on the rise. Organic farming is gaining attention and increasing globally because it is eco-friendly, safe and has benefits for human health. A field study was conducted at the horticulture farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, to evaluate the growth and yield performance of cabbage cv. Atlas—70 using organic and inorganic fertilizers in various plant spacing arrangements. Two factor experiments were conducted on plant spacings of 60 cm × 40 cm (S1), 60 cm × 50 cm (S2) and 60 cm × 60 cm (S3) and fertilizers vermicompost (T1), biogen (T2), integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) Organic (⅔) + inorganic (⅓) (T3) and inorganic (T4). IPNS (T3) application increased the marketable yield (54.77 t·ha−1) of cabbage. The highest marketable yield (48.75 t·ha−1) was obtained with a plant spacing of 60 cm × 40 cm (S1). No significant variation was found in plant spacings S1 and S2. The treatment combination of S2T3 recorded the highest plant height (37.81 cm), plant spread (47.75 cm), cabbage head (21.80 cm), stem length (12.31 cm), thickness of the cabbage head (12.53 cm) and marketable yield (65.0 t·ha−1). The results suggest that IPNS (T3) combining organic and inorganic fertilizer applications with a 60 cm × 50 cm spacing (S2T3) increases the yield performance of cabbage.
Ashraful Islam; Golam Ferdous; Ayasha Akter; Mokter Hossain; Dilip Nandwani. Effect of Organic, Inorganic Fertilizers and Plant Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Cabbage. Agriculture 2017, 7, 31 .
AMA StyleAshraful Islam, Golam Ferdous, Ayasha Akter, Mokter Hossain, Dilip Nandwani. Effect of Organic, Inorganic Fertilizers and Plant Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Cabbage. Agriculture. 2017; 7 (4):31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAshraful Islam; Golam Ferdous; Ayasha Akter; Mokter Hossain; Dilip Nandwani. 2017. "Effect of Organic, Inorganic Fertilizers and Plant Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Cabbage." Agriculture 7, no. 4: 31.
Field trials were conducted on tomato for yield and quality of fruits using different types of organic and inorganic fertilizers at the horticulture farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Fertilizer treatments were tested on two varieties of tomato ca. Roma VF and BARI 15. The fertilization treatments were T1, vermicompost (12 t/ha); T2, compost (10 t/ha); T3, integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) or mixed fertilizers (organic 2/3 part and inorganic 1/3 part); T4, inorganic fertilizers; and a control (T5). Results showed growth and yield (20.8 t/ha) in tomato were higher in the IPNS treatment. A higher number of fruits per plant (73.7) and plant height (73.5 cm) were obtained from mixed fertilizers (organic 2/3 + inorganic 1/3) or IPNS (integrated plant nutrient system) in Roma VF than other treatments. Fruit yield and diameter were found statistically significant. No significant difference was observed in the quality (total soluble solids) of tomato fruits in both varieties’ response to the treatments. The electrical conductivity and pH of the soil were improved by the application of organic manure.
M. Ashraful Islam; Sumiya Islam; Ayasha Akter; Habibur Rahman; Dilip Nandwani. Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Properties and the Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Agriculture 2017, 7, 18 .
AMA StyleM. Ashraful Islam, Sumiya Islam, Ayasha Akter, Habibur Rahman, Dilip Nandwani. Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Properties and the Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Agriculture. 2017; 7 (3):18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Ashraful Islam; Sumiya Islam; Ayasha Akter; Habibur Rahman; Dilip Nandwani. 2017. "Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Properties and the Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato in Mymensingh, Bangladesh." Agriculture 7, no. 3: 18.
George Smith; Dilip Nandwani; Vanaja Kankarla. Facilitating resilient rural-to-urban sustainable agriculture and rural communities. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 2016, 24, 485 -501.
AMA StyleGeorge Smith, Dilip Nandwani, Vanaja Kankarla. Facilitating resilient rural-to-urban sustainable agriculture and rural communities. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology. 2016; 24 (6):485-501.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorge Smith; Dilip Nandwani; Vanaja Kankarla. 2016. "Facilitating resilient rural-to-urban sustainable agriculture and rural communities." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 24, no. 6: 485-501.
Organic agriculture (OA) advocates against the application of chemical and genetically modified (GM) materials on farms except those approved by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) which consists of a voluntary team of 15 advisors selected by the secretary of the United States of Agriculture. Globally, OA has grown approximately by 20 % yearly as consumers and growers make healthier food choices and show more concern about the impacts of our actions on the environment. OA attempts to increase the level of food security and create a more sustainable environment for future generations. Nevertheless, OA is not without its challenges. In this chapter, we take a look at the history, the present, and the future of OA. Our focus is on outlining briefly the status of OA on various continents, their certification processes, global challenges, benefits and impacts, the way forward, the position of the government, policies and the institutions, and consumer behavior toward OA.
Dilip Nandwani; Sochinwechi Nwosisi. Global Trends in Organic Agriculture. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity 2016, 1 -35.
AMA StyleDilip Nandwani, Sochinwechi Nwosisi. Global Trends in Organic Agriculture. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity. 2016; ():1-35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDilip Nandwani; Sochinwechi Nwosisi. 2016. "Global Trends in Organic Agriculture." Sustainable Development and Biodiversity , no. : 1-35.
Organic farming is an important concept toward sustainable development that involves the use of organic input for the production of crops. Biofertilizers such as vermicompost and vermiwash increase the organic matter content necessary for the maintenance of soil properties, which is beneficial for long-term sustainability and crop productivity. Biofertilizers are enriched with micronutrients and beneficial microbes that enhance the soil quality and aid in slow release of nutrients required for the healthy growth of plants. Various small- and large-scale experiments on field crops such as wheat, sugarcane, paddy along with vegetables such as tomato, okra, and eggplant have been successful in terms of productivity and quality of produce. These technologies have also been adopted successfully by food growers across the globe resulting in substantial markets for organic produce. Organic agriculture is still in its infancy in Bangladesh. Very little cultivated land is being used for organic vegetable production, primarily because of lack of consumer awareness and demand. Though demand in-country in developing country is low, exporting certified safe vegetables can add to the country’s economy. Establishing effective and reliable organic vegetable producers in Bangladesh would enable the country to prepare for the potential growing market demand by establishing technology and infrastructure. Such technologies are way forward to sustainable organic farming that contributes to the development in terms of green economy.
A. A. Ansari; S. Jaikishun; M. A. Islam; S. K. Kuri; K. Fiedler; D. Nandwani. Principles of Vermitechnology in Sustainable Organic Farming with Special Reference to Bangladesh. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity 2016, 213 -229.
AMA StyleA. A. Ansari, S. Jaikishun, M. A. Islam, S. K. Kuri, K. Fiedler, D. Nandwani. Principles of Vermitechnology in Sustainable Organic Farming with Special Reference to Bangladesh. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity. 2016; ():213-229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. A. Ansari; S. Jaikishun; M. A. Islam; S. K. Kuri; K. Fiedler; D. Nandwani. 2016. "Principles of Vermitechnology in Sustainable Organic Farming with Special Reference to Bangladesh." Sustainable Development and Biodiversity , no. : 213-229.