Objective: To identify trends and risk factors for early surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean delivery (CD). Methods: A population-based study comparing characteristics of women who have and have not developed post cesarean SSI was conducted. Deliveries occurred between the years 1988 and 2013 in a tertiary medical center. A multivariable logistic regression model, with backwards elimination, was used to control for confounders. Results: Of the 41 375 cesarean deliveries performed during the study period, 1521 (3.7%) were complicated with SSI. SSI rates significantly deceased over the years, from 7.4% in 1988 to 1.5% in 2012. Using a multivariable regression model, the following independent risk factors for SSI were identified: obesity (OR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6–2.5); previous CD (OR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.6–2.0); hypertensive disorders (OR 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2–1.6); premature rupture of membranes (OR 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.6); gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, OR 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.4); and recurrent pregnancy losses (OR 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.5). Conclusion: Independent risk factors for post-cesarean SSI include obesity, GDM, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, and recurrent pregnancy losses. Information regarding higher rates of SSI and preventative measures should be provided to these high-risk women prior to surgery.

Background: Blood stream infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in burns, and pathogen identification is important for treatment. This study aims to characterize the microbiology of these infections and the association between the infecting pathogen and the hospitalization course. Methods: We conducted a cohort study that included records of burn patients treated at the Soroka University Medical Center between 2007–2020. Statistical analysis of demographic and clinical data was performed to explore relationships between burn characteristics and outcomes. Patients with positive blood cultures were divided into four groups: Gram-positive, Gram-negative, mixed-bacterial, and fungal. Results: Of the 2029 burn patients hospitalized, 11.7% had positive blood cultures. The most common pathogens were Candida and Pseudomonas. We found significant differences in ICU admission, need for surgery, and mortality between the infected and non-infected groups (p < 0.001). Pathogen groups differed significantly mean TBSA, ICU admission, need for surgery, and mortality (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed flame (OR 2.84) and electric burns (OR 4.58) were independent risk factors for ICU admission and surgical intervention (p < 0.001). Gram-negative bacterial infection was found to be an independent predictor of mortality (OR = 9.29, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Anticipating specific pathogens which are associated with certain burn characteristics may help guide future therapy.

Invasive sinonasal mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection that usually occurs in immunocompromised or diabetic patients, and it is often fatal. The authors present a case of a woman patient suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus and diabetes mellitus treated with prednisone, presenting with a rapidly progressive rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis. She was successfully treated with combined intravenous antifungal therapy and radical debridement followed by complex defect reconstruction with a free vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, tissue expander, and ophthalmic prosthesis.