The Caqueteño Creole (CAQ) is a native breed of cattle from the Caquetá department (Colombia), adapted to tropical conditions, which is extremely important to production systems in those regions. However, CAQ is poorly studied. In this sense, population structure studies associated with runs of homozygosity (ROH) analysis would allow for a better understanding of CAQ. Through ROH analysis, it is possible to reveal genetic relationships between individuals, measure genome inbreeding levels, and identify regions associated with traits of economic interest. Samples from a CAQ population (n = 127) were genotyped with the Bovine HD BeadChip (777,000 SNPs) and analyzed with the PLINK 1.9 program to estimate FROH and ROH islands. We highlighted a decrease in inbreeding frequency for FROH 4–8 Mb, 8–16 Mb, and >16 Mb classes, indicating inbreeding control in recent matings. We also found genomic hotspot regions on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 8, 16, 20, and 22, where chromosome 20 harbored four hotspots. Genes in those regions were associated with fertility and immunity traits, muscle development, and environmental resistance, which may be present in the CAQ breed due to natural selection. This indicates potential for production systems in tropical regions. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the CAQ production objective.

Evolutionary mechanisms have shaped the genomic architecture of Colombian Creole cattle breeds. The mating and selection processes have impacted several traits, promoting differences within and between populations. Studies of population structure and selection signatures in Colombian Creole breeds are scarce, and need more attention to better understand genetic differentiation, gene flow, and genetic distance. This study aimed to analyze the population structure and identify selection imprints in the Criollo Caqueteño (CAQ) population. It used 127 CAQ animals genotyped with Chip HD 777,000 SNPs. The population structure analyses used discriminant principal component analysis (DAPC), integrated haplotype scoring (iHS), and index-fixing (Fst) methodologies to detect selection signals. We can highlight SNP regions on the genes TMPRSS15, PGAM2, and EGFR, identified by the Fst method. Additionally, the iHS regions for cluster 1 identified candidate genes on BTA 3 (CMPK1 and FOXD2), BTA 11 (RCAN1), and BTA 22 (ARPP21). In group 2, we can highlight the genes on BTA 4 (SLC13A4, BRAF), BTA 9 (ULBP), BTA 14 (CSMD3) and BTA 19 (KRTAP9-2). These candidate genes have been associated with fertility traits, precocity, growth, and environmental and disease resistance, indicating a genetic potential in CAQ animals. All this promotes a better understanding of the diversity and genetic structure in the CAQ population. Based on that, our study can significantly assist the sustainable development and conservation of the breed in the Colombian Amazon.

Traditional selection programs for dairy cattle, based on quantitative principles, have worked well and allowed strong selection processes in the world over many decades. The objectives of this work were to estimate linkage disequilibrium (LD) levels at varying SNPs densities, to evaluate the effective population size of Holstein cattle, to characterize runs of homozygosity (ROH) distribution through Holstein cattle from Nariño and, to estimate and compare inbreeding coefficient (F) based on genomic markers information, runs of homozygosity (FROH), genomic relationship matrix (FGRM), and excess of homozygous (FSNP). After quality control, the dataset used was composed of 606 Holstein animals and 22200 SNP markers. PLINK program was used to identify LD, Ne, ROH segment and FROH and FSNP, FGRM was calculated with BLUPF90 family of programs. The average of r2 in all chromosomes was 0.011, the highest r2 was found in BTA3 (0.0323), and the lowest in BTA12 (0.0039). 533 ROH segments were identified in 319 animals; findings obtained in this study suggest that on average 0,28% of Holstein genome is autozygous. Total length of ROH was composed mostly of small segments (ROH1-4Mb and ROH4-8Mb). These segments accounted for approximately 96%, while larger ROH (ROH>8Mb) were 3.37% of all ROH detected. Inbreeding averages FROH, FSNP and FGRM methodologies were 0.28%, 3.11% and 3.36% respectively. The Pearson’s correlation among these different F values was: 0.49 (FROH-FSNP), 0.25 (FROH-FGRM), 0.22 (FSNP-FGRM). The distribution of ROH shared regions identified on 19 autosome chromosomes, cover a relevant number of genes inside these ROH. Our result evidenced lowest LD extension levels compared with other Holstein populations; inbreeding results suggest that FGRM and FSNP may be useful estimators of individual autozygosity in Holstein from Colombia. Genes related with production and reproduction were found, but the most important are the two that may be related to adaptation to Colombian high tropics. This work is a pioneer and be the starting point for programs of genetic improvement and genomic population studies in the country and mainly in high tropic areas where the dairy breeds have an important production.

Las políticas públicas se constituyen en la base de los planes y programas de todo Gobierno para garantizar —más allá de la teoría— la sostenibilidad, así como el desarrollo social rural y humano como una alternativa de solución a los conflictos y precariedades del campo. En consonancia, la pregunta que orienta esta investigación es: ¿son las políticas públicas en el departamento de Antioquia, una respuesta pertinente para la solución de problemas comunes en el sector agropecuario y rural? Basada en la información primaria y secundaria recopilada y analizada a partir de los informes y respuestas entregadas por la Gobernación de Antioquia, se evidencia que, si bien se ha dado cumplimiento a compromisos adquiridos por el Gobierno Nacional, territorial y municipal con la implementación de programas y proyectos dirigidos a mejorar la calidad de vida de los pobladores rurales del campo antioqueño, estos no garantizan la sostenibilidad de las inversiones, pues se da cumplimiento a indicadores, pero no se realiza un seguimiento y control que permita definir qué tan efectivas pueden ser las políticas públicas generadas.

Para evaluar la estrategia semilleros de investigación transversales en la Institución Universitaria Digital de Antioquia han sido planeadas estrategias fuera de aula que se articulan con el currículo y con la didáctica para legitimar los saberes aprendidos como resultado de la sistematización de experiencias mediante los procesos investigativos. Metodológicamente se empleó un enfoque mixto longitudinal, los datos fueron recopilados mediante un cuestionario en escala Likert en tres momentos diferentes durante la ejecución de la estrategia. dentro del desarrollo de los semilleros transversales de investigación durante el periodo comprendido entre 2020 y 2021. El análisis estadístico permitió determinar el nivel de asociación de las variables clasificadas para los siguientes factores diferenciados: competencias digitales, habilidades blandas y habilidades para la investigación. Los resultados indican que la estrategia de semilleros de investigación contribuyen a mejorar las Se reportaron resultados que mejoraron en gran medida las habilidades para la comunicación, organización de su tiempo, generación de preguntas y finalmente para defender sus ideas, además, mejoraron la capacidad de adaptación de los semilleristas en modalidad virtual. Finalmente se reporta que para las diferentes habilidades evaluadas se presenta una tendencia incremental promedio así: competencias digitales 9.95%, habilidades blandas 3.38% y habilidades para la investigación 3.34%. Se puede concluir que los semilleros de investigación virtual como estrategia extracurricular dentro de los procesos de investigación formativa debe tener en cuenta el potencial humano, los recursos didácticos y el conocimiento disciplinar e interdisciplinar, todo ello articulado con el modelo pedagógico de la Institución contribuyendo a mejorar competencias para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, y la resolución de problemas que finalmente fortalece los vínculos de la institución con los territorios principio fundamental para la Institución.