The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic at the end of 2019 had major worldwide health and economic consequences. Until effective vaccination approaches were created, the healthcare sectors endured a shortage of operative treatments that might prevent the infection’s spread. As a result, academia and the pharmaceutical industry prioritized the development of SARS-CoV2 antiviral medication. Pyranopyrazoles have been shown to play a prominent function in pharmaceutical chemistry and drug sighting because of their significant bioactive properties. We provide herein a novel sequence of pyranopyrazoles and their annulated systems whose antiviral efficacy and cytotoxicity were explored versus human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) Vero-E6 cell lines as a model for the Coronaviridae family. Fifteen synthetic congeners pointed out miscellaneous antiviral efficacies against HCoV-229E with variable inhibition degrees. Compound 18 showed a high selectivity index (SI = 12.6) that established spectacular inhibitory capacity against human coronavirus 229E. Compounds 6, 7, and 14 exposed moderate efficacies. Compounds 6, 7, 14, and 18 exhibited substantial antiviral action through the replication phase with reduction percentages extending from 53.6%, 60.7%, and 55% to 82.2%, correspondingly. Likewise, when assessed to the positive control tipranavir (88.6%), the inhibitory efficiency of compounds 6, 7, 14, and 18 versus the SARS-CoV2 Mpro provided high percentages of 80.4%, 73.1%, 81.4% and up to 84.5%, respectively. In silico studies were performed to investigate further the biological activity and the target compounds’ physical and chemical features, including molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, protein–ligand docking, ADME studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These inquiries demonstrated that this series of metabolically stable pyranopyrazoles and their annulated systems are effective human coronavirus inhibitors that inhibit the viral M^pro protein and may have emerged as a novel COVID-19 curative option.

Upcycling industrial aluminum waste into functional adsorbent materials offers a sustainable strategy for addressing complex wastewater contamination by coexisting organic dyes and toxic heavy metals. In this study, a waste-derived nano-Al₂O₃-loaded pyranopyrazole composite is rationally designed to enable high-capacity and simultaneous removal of methylene blue and Cd(II) ions from aqueous systems. The heteroatom-rich pyranopyrazole framework provides multiple organic binding domains, while nano-alumina incorporation introduces additional Al–O active sites and surface hydroxyl groups that collectively enhance interfacial adsorption efficiency. Comprehensive structural, spectroscopic, and microscopic characterization confirms homogeneous alumina anchoring and the formation of a stable organic–inorganic hybrid interface. The resulting composite exhibits markedly improved adsorption performance relative to the pristine pyranopyrazole, achieving maximum experimental uptake capacities of 189 mg g⁻¹ for methylene blue and 343 mg g⁻¹ for Cd(II) under optimized conditions. Adsorption kinetics follow a pseudo-second-order model, indicating surface-controlled chemisorption, while equilibrium data are best described by the Freundlich isotherm, reflecting adsorption on energetically heterogeneous surfaces. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that both adsorption processes are spontaneous and exothermic. Spectroscopic evidence combined with density functional theory calculations demonstrates that adsorption proceeds through synergistic coordination, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π-interactions involving nitrogen- and oxygen-donor sites of the organic framework together with alumina-derived Al–O centers. The composite maintains high removal efficiency over repeated adsorption–desorption cycles and exhibits effective performance in real wastewater matrices. Overall, this work establishes a clear structure–interaction–performance relationship for waste-derived alumina–organic hybrids and highlights their potential as sustainable, reusable, and multifunctional adsorbents for advanced water remediation targeting both organic dyes and heavy-metal contaminants.