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Ewa Adamiec
Department of Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

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Journal article
Published: 10 May 2021 in Atmosphere
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Air pollution is one of the main factors affecting human health. Air quality is especially important in the tourist areas developed with facilities for outdoor activities. During the winter season of 2017/2018, the concentrations of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PM1), CO, O3, and NO2 were studied in 12 attractive tourist villages in the surroundings of the Czorsztyn Reservoir in southern Poland. Air pollutant measurements were performed continuously, using a single ground-based Alphasense air sensor. Our assessment of human health risk (HHRA), arising from inhalation exposure to air contaminants, was calculated for both local inhabitants and tourists, based on actual measured values. It was found that pollutant concentrations exceeded both permissible and recommended levels of PM10 and PM2.5. The mean total noncarcinogenic risk values were equal to 9.58 (unitless) for adults and 9.68 (unitless) for children and infants, under the resident exposure scenario. However, under the tourist exposure scenario, the mean total risk was equal to 1.63 (unitless) for adults and 1.64 (unitless) for children and infants. The risk to tourists was lower than that to inhabitants due to shorter exposure times. The target non-carcinogenic value of 1, calculated for PM10, PM2.5, and NO2, was significantly exceeded in total risk, under the residential exposure scenario, in reference to all the local subpopulations. In the majority of the investigated locations, the total risk exceeded the value of 1, under the tourist scenario, for all the subpopulations analysed. PM2.5 was recognised to be the most important contaminant in our risk analysis, in view of its share in the total risk value.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska; Jacek Dajda; Ewa Adamiec; Edeltrauda Helios-Rybicka; Marek Kisiel-Dorohinicki; Radosław Klimek; Dariusz Pałka; Jarosław Wąs. Human Health Risk Assessment of Air Pollution in the Regions of Unsustainable Heating Sources. Case Study—The Tourist Areas of Southern Poland. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 615 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska, Jacek Dajda, Ewa Adamiec, Edeltrauda Helios-Rybicka, Marek Kisiel-Dorohinicki, Radosław Klimek, Dariusz Pałka, Jarosław Wąs. Human Health Risk Assessment of Air Pollution in the Regions of Unsustainable Heating Sources. Case Study—The Tourist Areas of Southern Poland. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (5):615.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska; Jacek Dajda; Ewa Adamiec; Edeltrauda Helios-Rybicka; Marek Kisiel-Dorohinicki; Radosław Klimek; Dariusz Pałka; Jarosław Wąs. 2021. "Human Health Risk Assessment of Air Pollution in the Regions of Unsustainable Heating Sources. Case Study—The Tourist Areas of Southern Poland." Atmosphere 12, no. 5: 615.

Journal article
Published: 08 November 2019 in Scientific Reports
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The objective of the study was to determine concentration of metals in sidewalk dust collected in close vicinity to heavily congested roads in Poland in order to assess non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk for both children and adults associated with the ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation of sidewalk dust. Results revealed that sidewalk dust from Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw and Opole is heavily contaminated especially with Sb, Se, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, considered as indicators of traffic emission. Hazardous indices determined for different exposure pathways indicated that the greatest health risk for both children and adults is associated with the ingestion of sidewalk dust. Carcinogenic risk associated with the ingestion of sidewalk dust by children, calculated for As, Cd, Ni and Pb exceeded safe level of 1 × 10−4 in all cities except for Warsaw. Non-carcinogenic risk of ingestion for children was two orders of magnitude higher than dermal risk and four to five orders of magnitude higher than risk of inhalation. Non-carcinogenic risk associated with the ingestion of sidewalk dust by adults is comparable with dermal contact risk and five orders of magnitude higher when inhalation risk.

ACS Style

Ewa Adamiec; Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska. Human Health Risk Assessment associated with contaminants in the finest fraction of sidewalk dust collected in proximity to trafficked roads. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Ewa Adamiec, Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska. Human Health Risk Assessment associated with contaminants in the finest fraction of sidewalk dust collected in proximity to trafficked roads. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewa Adamiec; Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska. 2019. "Human Health Risk Assessment associated with contaminants in the finest fraction of sidewalk dust collected in proximity to trafficked roads." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 13 July 2019 in Atmosphere
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The aim of this study was to assess air quality by using medium-cost sensors in recreational areas that are not covered by permanent monitoring. Concentrations of air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, PM1, CO, O 3 , NO 2 in the Niedzica recreational area in southern Poland were obtained. The research revealed that in cold weather, particulate matter concentrations significantly exceeded acceptable levels determined for PM2.5 and PM10. The most important factor that affects air quality within the studied area seems to be the combustion of poor quality fuels for heating purposes. The information obtained by the research presented could be a useful tool for local authorities to make environmental decisions, based on the potential health impacts of poor air quality levels on the population.

ACS Style

Ewa Adamiec; Jacek Dajda; Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska; Edeltrauda Helios-Rybicka; Marek Kisiel-Dorohinicki; Radosław Klimek; Dariusz Pałka; Jarosław Wąs. Using Medium-Cost Sensors to Estimate Air Quality in Remote Locations. Case Study of Niedzica, Southern Poland. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 393 .

AMA Style

Ewa Adamiec, Jacek Dajda, Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska, Edeltrauda Helios-Rybicka, Marek Kisiel-Dorohinicki, Radosław Klimek, Dariusz Pałka, Jarosław Wąs. Using Medium-Cost Sensors to Estimate Air Quality in Remote Locations. Case Study of Niedzica, Southern Poland. Atmosphere. 2019; 10 (7):393.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewa Adamiec; Jacek Dajda; Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska; Edeltrauda Helios-Rybicka; Marek Kisiel-Dorohinicki; Radosław Klimek; Dariusz Pałka; Jarosław Wąs. 2019. "Using Medium-Cost Sensors to Estimate Air Quality in Remote Locations. Case Study of Niedzica, Southern Poland." Atmosphere 10, no. 7: 393.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2017 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Road dust as a by-product of exhaust and non-exhaust emissions can be a major cause of systemic oxidative stress and multiple disorders. Substantial amounts of road dust are repeatedly resuspended, in particular at traffic lights and junctions where more braking is involved, causing potential threat to pedestrians, especially children. In order to determine the degree of contamination in the heavily traffic-congested cities of Poland, a total of 148 samples of road dust (RD), sludge from storm drains (SL) and roadside soil (RS) were collected. Sixteen metals were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) in all samples. Chemical evaluation followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that road environments have been severely contaminated with traffic-related elements. Concentration of copper in all road-environment samples is even higher, exceeding even up to 15 times its average concentrations established for the surrounding soils. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment revealed that the hazard index (HI) for children in all road-environment samples exceeds the safe level of 1. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to potential health risks caused by the ingestion of traffic-related particles during outdoor activities.

ACS Style

Ewa Adamiec. Road Environments: Impact of Metals on Human Health in Heavily Congested Cities of Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 697 .

AMA Style

Ewa Adamiec. Road Environments: Impact of Metals on Human Health in Heavily Congested Cities of Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (7):697.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewa Adamiec. 2017. "Road Environments: Impact of Metals on Human Health in Heavily Congested Cities of Poland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 7: 697.

Original paper
Published: 27 May 2017 in Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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Due to considerable progress in exhaust control emission technology and extensive regulatory work regarding this issue, non-exhaust sources of air pollution have become a growing concern. This research involved studying three types of road environment samples such as road dust, sludge from storm drains and roadside soil collected from heavily congested and polluted cities in Poland (Krakow, Warszawa, Opole and Wroclaw). Particles below 20 µm were examined since it was previously estimated that this fine fraction of road dust is polluted mostly by metals derived from non-exhaust sources of pollution such as brake linings wear. Chemical analysis of all samples was combined with a fractionation study using BCR protocol. It was concluded that the finest fractions of road environment samples were significantly contaminated with all of the investigated metals, in particular with Zn, Cu, both well-known key tracers of brake and tire wear. In Warszawa, the pollution index for Zn was on average 15–18 times the background value, in Krakow 12 times, in Wroclaw 8–12 times and in Opole 6–9 times the background value. The pollution index for Cu was on average 6–14 times the background in Warszawa, 7–8 times in Krakow, 4–6 times in Wroclaw and in Opole 5 times the background value. Fractionation study revealed that mobility of examined metals decreases in that order: Zn (43–62%) > Cd (25–42%) > Ni (6–16%) > Cu (3–14%) > Pb (1–8%). It should, however, be noted that metals even when not mobile in the environment can become a serious health concern when ingested or inhaled.

ACS Style

Ewa Adamiec. Chemical fractionation and mobility of traffic-related elements in road environments. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2017, 39, 1457 -1468.

AMA Style

Ewa Adamiec. Chemical fractionation and mobility of traffic-related elements in road environments. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2017; 39 (6):1457-1468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewa Adamiec. 2017. "Chemical fractionation and mobility of traffic-related elements in road environments." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 39, no. 6: 1457-1468.

Proceedings article
Published: 26 April 2017 in Ecosystems and Sustainable Development XI
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ACS Style

Ewa Adamiec. TRAFFIC RELATED METALS AS SOURCES OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION: A CASE STUDY OF KRAKÓW, POLAND. Ecosystems and Sustainable Development XI 2017, 1, 81 -89.

AMA Style

Ewa Adamiec. TRAFFIC RELATED METALS AS SOURCES OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION: A CASE STUDY OF KRAKÓW, POLAND. Ecosystems and Sustainable Development XI. 2017; 1 ():81-89.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewa Adamiec. 2017. "TRAFFIC RELATED METALS AS SOURCES OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION: A CASE STUDY OF KRAKÓW, POLAND." Ecosystems and Sustainable Development XI 1, no. : 81-89.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 April 2017 in Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering
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ACS Style

Ewa Adamiec. Platinum Group Elements in Road Environments: A Case Study of Poland. Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Ewa Adamiec. Platinum Group Elements in Road Environments: A Case Study of Poland. Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewa Adamiec. 2017. "Platinum Group Elements in Road Environments: A Case Study of Poland." Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering , no. : 1.

Article
Published: 13 March 2017 in Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
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Research was conducted on the most polluted river system in Poland, impacted by active and historical mining. Bottom sediment, suspended particulate matter and river water were collected in 2014 from Przemsza river and its tributaries. Sampling points remained the same as those chosen in a 1995 study. This allowed the comparison of heavy metal accumulation in bottom sediment over a span of almost two decades. It was concluded that Przemsza river water and its tributaries are heavily contaminated with the following (in μg/dm3): Pb (0.99–145.7), Zn (48–5020), and Cd 0.12–12.72). Concentrations of metals in bottom sediment exceeded the background values by a factor of several hundred (100 times for Zn, 150 times for Pb, and 240 times for Cd). The arithmetic mean for metal concentration in fractions <63 μm sampled in 2014 has remained comparable to the level found in 1995 (in mg/kg): Zn 16,918 and 13,505, Pb 4177 and 4758, and Cd 92 and 134. It was determined that 20–50% more metals have accumulated in suspended matter, rather than in bottom sediment (in mg/kg): 20,498 Zn, Pb 5170, and 164 Cd. This exceeds the limits of the most polluted LAWA Class IV classification. Since the concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd increase drastically after the outlet of the Przemsza into the Vistula, it was concluded that river Przemsza is the cause of significant degradation of Vistula’s bottom sediment and suspended matter. A two-decade legacy of extremely high contamination of the Przemsza river sediments has persisted despite decreasing mining and smelting activity in the vicinity.

ACS Style

Magdalena Strzebońska; Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska; Ewa Adamiec. Assessing Historical Mining and Smelting Effects on Heavy Metal Pollution of River Systems over Span of Two Decades. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2017, 228, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Magdalena Strzebońska, Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska, Ewa Adamiec. Assessing Historical Mining and Smelting Effects on Heavy Metal Pollution of River Systems over Span of Two Decades. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2017; 228 (4):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Strzebońska; Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska; Ewa Adamiec. 2017. "Assessing Historical Mining and Smelting Effects on Heavy Metal Pollution of River Systems over Span of Two Decades." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 228, no. 4: 1-11.

Article
Published: 26 May 2016 in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
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The main sources of non-exhaust vehicular emissions that contribute to road dust are tire, brake and clutch wear, road surface wear, and other vehicle and road component degradation. This study is an attempt to identify and investigate heavy metals in urban and motorway road dusts as well as in dust from brake linings and tires. Road dust was collected from sections of the A-4 motorway in Poland, which is part of European route E40, and from urban roads in Katowice, Poland. Dust from a relatively unpolluted mountain road was collected and examined as a control sample. Selected metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, Se, Sr, Ba, Ti, and Pd were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-optical emission spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy on a range of size-fractionated road dust and brake lining dust (250 μm). The compositions of brake lining and tire dust were also investigated using scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy. To estimate the degree of potential environmental risk of non-exhaust emissions, comparison with the geochemical background and the calculations of geo-accumulation indices were performed. The finest fractions of urban and motorway dusts were significantly contaminated with all of the investigated metals, especially with Ti, Cu, and Cr, which are well-recognized key tracers of non-exhaust brake wear. Urban dust was, however, more contaminated than motorway dust. It was therefore concluded that brake lining and tire wear strongly contributed to the contamination of road dust.

ACS Style

Ewa Adamiec; Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska; Robert Wieszała. Heavy metals from non-exhaust vehicle emissions in urban and motorway road dusts. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2016, 188, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Ewa Adamiec, Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska, Robert Wieszała. Heavy metals from non-exhaust vehicle emissions in urban and motorway road dusts. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2016; 188 (6):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewa Adamiec; Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska; Robert Wieszała. 2016. "Heavy metals from non-exhaust vehicle emissions in urban and motorway road dusts." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188, no. 6: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Geology, Geophysics & Environment
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ACS Style

Magdalena Strzebońska; Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska; Ewa Adamiec. Contamination assessment of Krakow Valleys Landscape Park’s surface and wastewaters. Geology, Geophysics & Environment 2014, 40, 1 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Strzebońska, Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska, Ewa Adamiec. Contamination assessment of Krakow Valleys Landscape Park’s surface and wastewaters. Geology, Geophysics & Environment. 2014; 40 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Strzebońska; Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska; Ewa Adamiec. 2014. "Contamination assessment of Krakow Valleys Landscape Park’s surface and wastewaters." Geology, Geophysics & Environment 40, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in Geology, Geophysics & Environment
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ACS Style

Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska; Ewa Adamiec. Suitability study of using birch and willow trees in phytoremediation of acidic waste settlers. Geology, Geophysics & Environment 2013, 39, 363 .

AMA Style

Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska, Ewa Adamiec. Suitability study of using birch and willow trees in phytoremediation of acidic waste settlers. Geology, Geophysics & Environment. 2013; 39 (4):363.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska; Ewa Adamiec. 2013. "Suitability study of using birch and willow trees in phytoremediation of acidic waste settlers." Geology, Geophysics & Environment 39, no. 4: 363.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in Geology, Geophysics & Environment
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ACS Style

Ewa Adamiec; Robert Wieszała; Magdalena Strzebońska; Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska. An attempt to identify traffic related elements in snow. Geology, Geophysics & Environment 2013, 39, 1 .

AMA Style

Ewa Adamiec, Robert Wieszała, Magdalena Strzebońska, Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska. An attempt to identify traffic related elements in snow. Geology, Geophysics & Environment. 2013; 39 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewa Adamiec; Robert Wieszała; Magdalena Strzebońska; Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska. 2013. "An attempt to identify traffic related elements in snow." Geology, Geophysics & Environment 39, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2005 in Limnologica
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Extensive investigations of trace metals concentrations in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and bottom sediments of the whole Odra River system were carried out over the years 1997–2000. The vertical distribution of selected metals and their mobility were also studied in the sediment cores from upper and middle river sections. Significant levels of metal contamination were found. Median concentrations (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and As) in the SPM and sediments were (mgkg−1) 7.1 and 8.9 Cd, 128 and 146 Pb, 81 and 119 Cu, 1198 and 1204 Zn, 48 and 54 As, respectively. The highest metal pollution of the Odra River solids was found with cadmium, zinc, lead and arsenic, showing high similarity in their frequency distributions in both SPM and sediments. Cd, Zn and As appear to be of particular concern because of the high levels, that appear to be bioavailable, and their high mobility. The exchangeable and carbonate chemical forms of Cd and Zn reached up to 50% of their total amount. Besides the determination of total metal concentration, the metal chemical forms in river solids were investigated. The results of very wide studies of the Odra River system through 4 years suggest that metal pollution decreased, especially for Zn, Pb and Cu. Among all metals studied in the Odra River sediments, substantial reductions of Cd contamination were observed neither in the period after ’97 flood, nor if compared with the earlier results obtained before ’97. No essential differences of the metal contents were observed among the samples for the same river compartment, from the same locality, taken within the five sampling campaigns. The pattern of spatial and vertical metal distributions in the river solids indicates that a variety of sources might be responsible for the contamination; very intensive, historical and current mining and smelting activities probably are the most important ones

ACS Style

Edeltrauda Helios Rybicka; Ewa Adamiec; Urszula Aleksander-Kwaterczak. Distribution of trace metals in the Odra River system: Water–suspended matter–sediments. Limnologica 2005, 35, 185 -198.

AMA Style

Edeltrauda Helios Rybicka, Ewa Adamiec, Urszula Aleksander-Kwaterczak. Distribution of trace metals in the Odra River system: Water–suspended matter–sediments. Limnologica. 2005; 35 (3):185-198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edeltrauda Helios Rybicka; Ewa Adamiec; Urszula Aleksander-Kwaterczak. 2005. "Distribution of trace metals in the Odra River system: Water–suspended matter–sediments." Limnologica 35, no. 3: 185-198.