The environmental context causes the use of renewable energy to increase, with the aim of finding alternatives to fossil-based products such as fuels. Biodiesel, an alternative to diesel, is now a well-developed solution, and its production from renewable resources makes it perfectly suitable in the environmental context. In addition, it is biodegradable, non-toxic and has low greenhouse gas emissions: reduced about 85% compared to diesel. However, the feedstock used to produce biodiesel competes with agriculture and the application of chemical reactions is not advantageous with a “green” process. Therefore, this review focuses only on bioprocesses currently taking an important place in the production of biodiesel and allow high yields, above 90%, and with very few produced impurities. In addition, the use of waste oils as feedstock, which now accounts for 10% of feedstocks used in the production of biodiesel, avoids competition with agriculture. To present a complete life-cycle of oils in this review, a second part will focus on the valorization of the biodiesel by-product, glycerol. About 10% of glycerol is generated during the production of biodiesel, so it should be recovered to high value-added products, always based on bioprocesses. This review will also present existing techniques to extract and purify glycerol. In the end, from the collection of feedstocks to the production of CO₂ during the combustion of biodiesel, this review presents the steps using the “greener” possible processes.

The peptides remaining after phenol removal from a co-product of the alfalfa industry have various applications: in the food industry (as an additive), in therapeutic nutrition (high-value protein, peptides with opioid or immunostimulant activities, etc.), and in cosmetics. Hydrolysis of alfalfa white protein concentrate (AWPC) by an industrial enzyme (Delvolase) improved its solubility and nutritional properties. But, colored peptidic hydrolysate was observed. This color change was due to phenolic oxidation at alkaline pH. A combined ultrafiltration process and sorption technique was investigated. A ZrO2 Carbosep membrane (nominal molecular weight cutoff of 10,000 Da) allowed a 51% color reduction and a 96% peptide transmission. The colored peptide fraction in the permeate had a known and reproducible molecular-weight distribution. Permeate polyphenol removal was performed by a sorption technique. A polystyrene resin, Amberlite IRA900Cl, packed in a column, allowed a 92–95% phenol extraction while preser...