Background: Is well known that oral health and dental aesthetic have significant effects on the sociality of human beings. The aim of the present study was to assess some aspects of oral health with possible repercussions in adolescent and youth, with particular reference to gender differences. Methods: A total of 190 subjects with female prevalence (F = 62.6%, M = 37%) and ages between 14 and 29 years old (Mean = 23.8; SD = 3.27) participated. Evaluation was carried using standardized instruments to assess quality of oral life (PIDAQ), negative impact of oral conditions (OHIP-14), and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale). Correlational and difference analyses and linear regressions were performed. Results: Significant gender differences were found in terms of gender, in reference to variables such as self-confidence and convictions. Positive correlations emerged between psychological impact and social impact, aesthetic concern and social impact, convictions and self-confidence, oral health with psycho-social impact, and aesthetic concern, self-esteem with oral health. Inverse correlations emerged between psycho-social impact and self-confidence, aesthetic concern and self-confidence, oral health, and self-confidence. Multivariate linear regression indicated relations between age and psychological impact, sex and self-confidence, crooked teeth and conviction. Conclusions: The impact of oral health on the psychological well-being of young people is relevant. These factors, if considered within clinical practice, can improve the quality of life of the subject.

Malondialdehyde (MAA) within a lipid pathway has been demonstrated to possess an important role in endothelial function that undergoes periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CHD) development. This study evaluated the impact of periodontitis, CHD, or a combination of both diseases (periodontitis + CHD) on salivary and serum MAA levels. The periodontal and clinical characteristics, serum, and saliva samples were collected from 32 healthy subjects, 34 patients with periodontitis, 33 patients with CHD, and 34 patients with periodontitis and CHD. Lipid profile and levels of MDA and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed. Patients in the periodontitis group (serum: 3.92 (3.7–4.4) µmol/L; salivary 1.81 (1–2.1) µmol/g protein, p < 0.01) and in the periodontitis + CHD (serum: 4.34 (3.7–4.8) µmol/L; salivary 1.96 (1.7–2.3) µmol/g protein, p < 0.001) group presented higher median concentrations of salivary and serum MAA compared to patients in the CHD (serum: 3.72 (3.5–4.1) µmol/L; salivary 1.59 (0.9–1.8) µmol/g protein, p < 0.01) and control group (serum: 3.14 (2.8–3.7) µmol/L; salivary 1.41 (0.8–1.6) µmol/g protein, p < 0.01). In univariate models, periodontitis (p = 0.034), CHD (p < 0.001), and CRP (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with MAA. In the multivariate model, only CRP remained a significant predictor of serum and salivary MAA (p < 0.001) MAA levels. Patients with periodontitis and with periodontitis + CHD presented higher levels of salivary and serum MAA compared to healthy subjects and CHD patients. CRP has been found to be a significant predictor of increased salivary and serum MAA levels.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association and impact of periodontitis and tooth loss on a subtype of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) levels (CD133⁺/KDR⁺). Furthermore, the objective was to determine if the periodontal status influenced CD133⁺/KDR⁺ levels. In all, 88 patients with periodontitis and 79 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the study. Enrolled patients were examined and characterized by clinical and blood sample analysis. Spearman’s correlation test was applied in order to assess the interdependence between CD133⁺/KDR⁺ levels and all periodontal parameters. In order to estimate a statistically significant trend (p-trend) for ordered CD133++/KDR+ quartiles, the Jonckheere–Terpstra test was applied for all variables. Patients in the periodontitis group presented significantly lower CD133⁺/KDR⁺ levels (66.4 (45.5–269.6 cells/µL)) compared to the HC group (76.7 (24.3–313.2 cells/µL), p < 0.001). Lower CD133⁺/KDR⁺ levels negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), with the number of teeth, and with all periodontal parameters (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a proportional increase in CD133+/KDR+ levels with a progressive increase in number of teeth (p-trend < 0.001), while there was a proportional decrease in CD133+/KDR+ levels with a proportional increase in clinical attachment level (CAL, p-trend = 0.003), probing depth (PD, p-trend = 0.007), and bleeding sites (bleeding on probing (BOP), p-trend < 0.001) as an extent measure of periodontitis. This study demonstrated that patients with periodontitis presented significantly lower CD133⁺/KDR⁺ levels compared to HCs. Moreover, all patients presented an increase in the CD133⁺/KDR⁺ EPC levels with an extended level of periodontitis and tooth loss.

Introduction: To evaluate time in tight range (TITR) 70–140 mg/dL (3.9–7.8 mmol/L), its correlation with standard continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and the clinical variables that possibly have a substantial impact on its value, in a large cohort of pediatric subjects using different treatment strategies. Materials and Methods: A total of 854 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were consecutively recruited in this real world, dual center, cross-sectional study. Participants were categorized into four treatment groups (multiple daily injections [MDI] + real-time CGM, MDI + intermittently scanned CGM, sensor augmented pump, and hybrid closed loop [HCL]). Demographical and clinical data, including CGM data, were collected and analyzed. Results: The overall study population exhibited an average TITR of 36.4% ± 12.8%. HCL users showed higher TITR levels compared to the other treatment groups ( P < 0.001). A time in range (TIR) cut-off value of 71.9% identified subjects achieving a TITR ≥50% (area under curve [AUC] 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.97–0.99, P < 0.001), and a strong positive correlation between these two metrics was observed ( r = 0.95, P < 0.001). An increase in TIR of 1% was associated with 1.84 ( R ² Nagelkerke = 0.35, P < 0.001) increased likelihood of achieving TITR ≥50%. Use of HCL systems ( B = 7.78; P < 0.001), disease duration ( B = −0.26, P = 0.006), coefficient of variation ( B = −0.30, P = 0.004), and glycated hemoglobin ( B = −8.82; P < 0.001) emerged as significant predictors of TITR levels. Conclusions: Our study highlights that most children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes present TITR levels below 50%, except those using HCL. Tailored interventions and strategies should be implemented to increase TITR.