This study focuses on the calculation of carbon emissions during prefabricated component transportation phase, figuring out how to accurately infer the carbon emissions factor according to the changing of external factors. Through tracking and analyzing the differences between prefabricated component transportation phase and ordinary building material transportation phase, this paper explores how to establish a calculation mathematical model of carbon emissions factor to reflect the real prefabricated component transportation phase, that work would critically lower the bias of component transportation carbon emissions factors between in real world and giving in relevant national standards. The research content involved in this paper provides quantitative scale for Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC), and also helps to establish and popularize carbon sink system of Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC). In this study, prefabricated component, the basic component of assembled building, is taken as the research object and clue. The real carbon emissions performances of transport vehicles loaded with different number of components are simulated, and the carbon emissions factor and related parameter groups of transport vehicles are measured experimentally. Based on the statistical method, the data parameter selection and regression analysis are carried out by using STATA® 12. The relationship between the three parameters of Load Ratio, Average Speed and Atmospheric Temperature on carbon emissions factor are obtained except the types of vehicles. It is found that there is a linear relationship between the carbon emissions factor and the −0.5 power of the Load Ratio, the square of the Atmospheric Temperature and the reciprocal of the Average Speed, and the R² value of the fitting formula reaches 90.46%. The result has a good interpretation for the measured data, better reflect the real situation of carbon emissions for assembled building during prefabricated component transportation phase, and improve the accuracy of carbon emissions calculation in this phase. If the Load Ratio and Average Speed can be increased, and the transportation time of prefabricated component at lower temperature can be selected, the carbon emissions can be significantly reduced, that could exert positive influence to the environment.

The indoor public spaces of most elderly facilities in China have a monotonous space form, which, thus, causes low comprehensive performance and is less likely to satisfy participants’ various requirements. This study proposes an optimization design method of “In-Between Area” for a space form operation to improve the performance of indoor public spaces. First, two models were established: Model A to reflect current indoor public spaces and Model B to represent the indoor public spaces designed by using the “In-Between Area” method. Second, a walk-through video was created from each model, with a duration of 196 s. Subjective assessment (STAI) data and objective physiological data (HRV and EEG), were collected from 40 participants while they were watching walk-through videos. The comparison analysis showed statistically significant differences between Model A and Model B. The results of STAI, HRV and EEG proved that the “In-Between Area” method, as an optimization design method, created a more pleasant and comfortable environment for the elderly and improved the overall efficiency of the indoor space.

The construction industry is energy-intensive and labor-intensive, which has great potential in reducing energy demand and carbon emissions. The construction method of off-site prefabricated components has many advantages to make it a good substitute for traditional methods. The purpose of this paper is to reduce the carbon emissions of prefabricated residential concrete members by improving the standardization rate of prefabricated components in the architectural design stage. In addition, this paper also uses building information modeling technology to establish Revit models and develops Revit using C# language to achieve rapid calculation of the prefabrication rate of building and standardization rate of components. The calculation results of the case show that, in the design stage, the carbon emissions are reduced by 2034.16kg CO₂e by improving the standardization rate of prefabricated components, accounting for 0.1552 of the carbon emissions of all prefabricated components. This study can help the designer reduce the carbon emissions of prefabricated components, and this technology may make a significant contribution in improving the environmental sustainability of prefabricated buildings.

The construction of public buildings involves a significant amount of carbon emissions, particularly during the materialization phase of underground construction, which is characterized by a rapid and intense release of carbon emissions. In response to this issue, this study aims to develop a Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based method for assessing the factors influencing carbon emissions during the materialization phase of underground construction in public buildings. To achieve this goal, a process-based quantitative and qualitative method was established to evaluate carbon emissions at various stages, including raw material extraction and processing, building material/equipment production, and on-site processing of components, as well as construction and installation. The proposed method may serve as a valuable tool for selecting design schemes in the early stages of building design. By analyzing 125 actual cases in Xi’an, China and utilizing a carbon emission calculation model, accurate carbon emission data was obtained. This study’s findings indicate a correlation between the embodied carbon emissions and the area of underground space in the cases analyzed. Specifically, larger underground spaces were associated with higher embodied carbon emissions in underground engineering. Furthermore, this study categorized the cases into two groups based on the presence or absence of underground space, resulting in the identification of 16 factors for cases without underground space and 19 factors for cases with underground space. These findings provide valuable insights for understanding and mitigating the impact of carbon emissions during the materialization phase of underground construction in public buildings.

This study conducted research and discussion on the irrational layout of the corridor entry front room space in Chinese elderly facilities and proposed a design strategy for this spatial area. Based on a survey of elderly facilities and the general needs of the elderly, three design elements were added to the corridor front room space: windows, furnishings, and vertical greening. A model was built and eight different sets of pictures were generated; 28 subjects viewed the pictures according to their personal preferences while EEG data and subjective questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The results indicated that [Scene WF] was more popular among the elderly and that the demand for furnishings was higher among the elderly. The EEG results also showed that the energy in the frontal region of [Scene WF] was significantly higher than the other scenes. Significance was found between the AF3 and AF4 electrodes in the frontal region and the time and number of viewings (p < 0.01), as well as with subjective satisfaction (p < 0.01). These findings demonstrate that adding these three design elements to this space helped the elderly to have a more enjoyable experience, created a more pleasant and comfortable environment for the elderly, and improved the overall efficiency of the interior space. Additionally, the study provides valuable information for the design of future elderly facilities.