Malware is a key component of cyber-crime, and its analysis is the first line of defence against cyber-attack. This study proposes two new malware classification frameworks: Deep Feature Space-based Malware classification (DFS-MC) and Deep Boosted Feature Space-based Malware classification (DBFS-MC). In the proposed DFS-MC framework, deep features are generated from the customized CNN architectures and are fed to a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm for malware classification, while, in the DBFS-MC framework, the discrimination power is enhanced by first combining deep feature spaces of two customized CNN architectures to achieve boosted feature spaces. Further, the detection of exceptional malware is performed by providing the deep boosted feature space to SVM. The performance of the proposed malware classification frameworks is evaluated on the MalImg malware dataset using the hold-out cross-validation technique. Malware variants like Autorun.K, Swizzor.gen!I, Wintrim.BX and Yuner.A is hard to be correctly classified due to their minor inter-class differences in their features. The proposed DBFS-MC improved performance for these difficult to discriminate malware classes using the idea of feature boosting generated through customized CNNs. The proposed classification framework DBFS-MC showed good results in term of accuracy: 98.61%, F-score: 0.96, precision: 0.96, and recall: 0.96 on stringent test data, using 40% unseen data.

The agile model is a very vast and popular model in use in the software industry currently. It changes the way software is developed. It was introduced in 2001 to overcome deficiencies of software development in a workshop arranged by researchers and practitioners who were involved with the agile concept. They introduced the complete agile manifesto. The agile model has main components that make it more viable for use in well-organized software development. One of these is scrum methodology. The reason for the agile-scrum popularity is its use for small-scale projects, making small teams and allows change requests at any stage of a project from the client. It works for client satisfaction. Instead of so much popularity and distinctive features, agile-scrum also has some limitations when used for large scale projects development that makes it less efficient for development. This article discusses the agile-scrum methodology and its limitations when using for large-scale project organization.

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) work without any fixed infrastructure and each node in the network behaves as a router in order to transmit data towards the destination. Due to the lack of central point of control, MANETs are more vulnerable to routing attacks as compared to other networks. Wormhole attack is one of the most severe routing attacks, which is easy to implement but hard to detect. Normally, it works in two steps; in the first step,the wormhole nodes attractmore and more traffic towards them through the wormhole channel, and in the second step, they start harming the network by modifying or dropping the network traffic. Several authors have proposed different solutions to counter wormhole attacks in MANETs. In this paper, we thoroughly analyze these existing techniqueson the basis of their limitations as well as features that are vital in detecting wormhole attacks in MANETs

Wireless networks are characterized by having limited resources accessed by a large number of mobile stations with distinct capabilities. In such challenged environment the dynamic control of resources is of major importance to mitigate the limitations of wireless networks, such as the impact of low data rate stations and wireless channel oscillations. Such augmented usage of wireless resources can be implemented based upon cooperative relaying schemes, which have the potential to support the desired system performance and network lifetime. However, the introduction of cooperative relay raises several problems such as the issue for relay selection and resource allocation. Due to the significant number of different cooperative relaying approaches, this article aims to provide a systematic analysis and classification of major relay selection procedures, and to identify open research directions as well as the most suitable evaluation methods for an efficient analysis of different approaches.

An ever-growing demand for pervasive Internet access has boosted the deployment of wireless local networks in recent decades. Nevertheless, wireless technologies face performance limitations due to unstable propagation conditions and mobility of devices. In face of multi-path propagation and low-data-rate stations, cooperative relaying promises gains in performance and reliability. However, cooperation procedures are unstable, due to their dependence on current channel conditions, and introduce overhead that can endanger performance, especially when nodes are mobile. This article presents an introduction to cooperative relaying, and describes a novel link layer protocol, called RelaySpot, able to implement cooperative relaying in dynamic networks, based on opportunistic relay selection, cooperative relay scheduling, and switching.