Electrospinning was used for the coating of the polyurethane/silica hybrid solutions on the cotton fabric surface. An ultraviolet curing process was performed on the collector by an ultraviolet lamp positioned inside the electrospinning cabin. In order to investigate the effect of fluorinated, silane-functionalized urethane (inorganic part) content on the water-repellency; five different fluorinated concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by weight) were used. The disappearance of isocyanate peaks during the silane-functionalized urethane synthesis was observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Surface morphology and elemental analysis of the coated cotton fabric surfaces was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis respectively. Water-repellency was evaluated by contact angle measurements. A sample that contained 50% inorganic part showed a contact angle of 154.5°. Samples were thermally characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. Glass transition temperature of the synthesized hybrid polymer increased with increasing inorganic part ratio. Additionally, abrasion resistance and crease recovery angle tests were performed to evaluate the effect of fluorinated part percentage on the mechanical and comfort properties of fabrics.

This study describes preparation and characterization of fluorine-containing organic-inorganic hybrid coatings. The organic part consists of bisphenol-A glycerolate (1 glycerol/phenol) diacrylate resin and 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate reactive diluent. The inorganically rich part comprises trimethoxysilane-terminated urethane, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate and sol–gel precursors that are products of hydrolysis and condensation reactions. Bisphenol-A glycerolate (1 glycerol/phenol) diacrylate resin was added to the inorganic part in predetermined amounts. The resultant mixture was utilized in the preparation of free films as well as coatings on aluminum substrates. Thermal and mechanical tests such as DSC, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile and shore D hardness tests were performed on free films. Water contact angle, gloss, Taber abrasion test, cross-cut and tubular impact tests were conducted on the coated samples. SEM examination and EDS analysis was performed on the fractured surfaces of free films. The hybrid coatings on the aluminum sheets gave rise to properties such as moderately glossed surface; low wear rate and hydrophobicity. Tensile strength of free films increased with up to 10% inorganic content in the hybrid structure and this increase was approximately three times that of the control sample. As expected; the % strain value decreased by 17.3 with the increase in inorganic content and elastic modulus values increased by a factor of approximately 6. Resistance to ketone-based solvents was proven and an increase in hardness was observed as the ratio of the inorganic part increased. Samples which contain 10% sol–gel content were observed to provide optimal properties.

The mechanical properties of the products obtained by 3D printing heavily depend on the choice of main resins and reactive diluents. In this study, we investigated the influence of different reactive diluents on the mechanical properties of the products derived from polyester acrylate (PEA), urethane acrylate (UA), and silicone acrylate (SiA) resins using DLP/LCD type 3D printing. As reactive diluents, 1,6-Hexanediol Diacrylate (HDDA), di(propylene glycol) diacrylate (DPGDA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), and TMPTA10 were used in main resins. TMPTA10 was prepared in this study, which includes TMPTA, DPGDA and HDDA in its composition. While TMPTA is a reactive diluent with three acrylate functional groups, DPGDA and HDDA have two acrylate functional groups. Our results revealed that while the products with TMPTA reactive diluent significantly enhanced the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young's modulus, they led to a decrease in Izod impact strength. To address this, TMPTA10 was formulated and incorporated into the main resins, resulting in improved Izod impact strength while maintaining or enhancing UTS and Young's modulus. Notably, the products prepared by using UA resin with TMPTA or TMPTA10, and PEA resin with TMPTA10 exhibited exceptional mechanical properties compared to the other products. These findings highlight the importance of reactive diluent selection in optimizing the mechanical performance of the products obtained by DLP/LCD type 3D Printing.