To stabilize Ni ⁰ /Ni ²⁺ during the CH ₄ OR process, herein, we have successfully developed a general oxidation strategy for the direct synthesis of transition metal oxides by O ₂ cold plasma treatment of Ni ⁰ , including NiO, to generate a Ni ⁰ /Ni ²⁺ -on-Cu interface.

Cu-based catalysts are among the most promising materials to produce C ₂₊ products by electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (CO ₂ RR).

With regard to using the electric energy generated by renewable sources, the CO₂ electroreduction reaction (CO₂RR) for the production of fuels is helpful for creating an artificial carbon cycle.