Although considerable research has been conducted on improving sustainability performance, many important questions remain. Drawing on Social Learning Theory (SLT) and Stakeholder Theory (ST), our model suggests a mechanism, Environmental Organizational Citizenship Behavior (EOCB), through which Environmental Transformational Leadership (ETL) influences Organizational Sustainability Performance (SP). In addition, employees’ Work Passion (WP) will moderate the relationship between ETL and EOCB. A total of 240 full-time employees in Saudi Arabia’s petrochemical industries submitted responses via survey questionnaires, and the proposed hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression analysis. Results were consistent with the hypothesized conceptual scheme in that ETL indirectly impacts SP through EOCB. In the meantime, the WP of employees plays a moderating role in the relationship between ETL and EOCB as well as in the indirect effect of ETL on SP via EOCB. As a way to improve their sustainability performance, organizations must hire and nominate ETLs who can influence their employees to become aware of environmental protection and instill these values. Furthermore, employees’ passion for their work encourages them to engage in voluntary environmental behaviors. A discussion of the findings, implications, limitations, and future research avenues is included.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to compare e-customer satisfaction in Saudi banks before and during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by assessing the e-service quality dimension before and during the pandemic.Design/methodology/approach: To examine e-customer satisfaction among Saudi bank e-customers, data were collected using convenience sampling methods utilizing two questionnaires before and during COVID-19, distributed to Saudi bank e-customers. The sample size of collecting data of 588 bank e-customers was analyzed through a well-known statistical technique, multiple regression and paired sample t-test, using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software and Excel.Findings: It is found that efficiency is the major determinant of e-customers’ satisfaction with banks in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi context is different from other countries. There are differences between the impact of Internet banking e-service quality on e-customer service before and during the COVID-19.Practical implications: This research has a crucial inference for the managerial level practically. This study has important implications for the banks to satisfy their e-customers by increasing customer service level and enhancing the interaction in the site to solve the e-customers problem immediately by creating an effective support team to encourage the effect of responsiveness. In particular, website managers should review their website framework and create an easily organized site for e-customers.Originality/value: The research improves past studies' methodology by testing the impacts between the constructs before and during COVID-19. This research is a significant addition to the current literature collection.

الغرض: فحص تأثير الثقافة الوطنية على أساس مفهوم هوفستد للأبعاد الثقافية على مشارکة المعرفة والدور الوسيط للعوامل التنظيمية کعوامل نجاح. التصميم المنهجية المنهج: المنهج الوصفي والاستنتاجي الذي يعتمد على عينة عشوائية بسيطة بين موظفي الشرکة السعودية للصناعات العسکرية السعودية (SAMI) من جنسيات مختلفة، وقد تم توزيع استبيان الکتروني يوزع لهذا الغرض. النتائج: الجماعية، الأنوثة ، التوجه طويل الأجل ، و ضبط النفس لها تأثير إيجابي على مشارکة المعرفة ، بينما تؤثر قوة السلطة، الفردية، الذکورة، تجنب الغموض، التوجه قصير الأجل، والانغماس سلبًا على مشارکة المعرفة. علاوة على ذلک، تلعب الثقافة التنظيمية دورًا معتدلًا کعامل نجاح لتعظيم الاستفادة من الجماعية، الأنوثة، التوجه طويل الأجل، وضبط النفس وتقليل تأثير قوة السلطة، الفردية، الذکورة، تجنب الغموض، التوجه قصير الأجل، والانغماس. بالإضافة إلى ذلک، تمت مقارنة مؤشر الأبعاد الثقافية الوطنية الستة لعينة الدراسة بمؤشر هوفستد ونتج عن نفس القيم تقريبًا. الأصالة / القيمة: هناک عدد قليل من الدراسات التي تبحث في تأثير بعد الانغماس / ضبط النفس. علاوة على ذلک، ترکز معظم...