In this article, a new event-triggered $H_{\infty }$ load frequency control (LFC) approach with dynamic triggered algorithm (DTA) for multi-area nonlinear power systems (NPSs) based on non-fragile proportional integral control (NPI-control) strategy is addressed. Firstly, different from the existing linear single-area LFC model for power systems, an improved nonlinear multi-area model with the performance of large-scale adjustment frequency fluctuation is constructed by considering the phenomenon of overshoots and long-term oscillations. Due to the existence of control uncertainty, it is the first time that the NPI-control scheme is applied to LFC approach for NPSs. Then, the DTA is proposed to adjust the dynamic event-triggered parameters, which reduces the occupation of communication bandwidth and the data computation of NPSs. Furthermore, a modified quadratic form with time-varying matrix and two-side closed functional method are adopted to construct the relaxed Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, where some slack matrices are unnecessarily positive definite. Based on Lyapunov method, some less-conservatism stability criteria are derived. Utilizing the linear matrix inequality toolbox, the allowable upper bound of time-varying delays and the NPI-controller are obtained. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the availability of the approach developed in this work.

In this work, a novel dynamic-memory event-triggered $H_{\infty }$ load frequency control (LFC) approach for the power system is proposed considering the existence of hybrid attacks. A dynamic-memory event-triggered mechanism (DMETM) is first presented under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks to reduce the occupation of network communication bandwidth. Different from the existing event-triggered mechanisms (ETMs), the superiority of DMETM is that not only the past transmitted packets can be utilized but also the amount of utilized packets can be adjusted according to the state error of the power system. Then, the general LFC model of the power system is reconstructed as a switched system on account of the existence of DoS attacks and deception attacks. Based on the reconstructed switched model, an exponentially mean-square stability criterion with an $H_{\infty }$ performance index is derived by constructing appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals (LKFs). Furthermore, the DMETM controllers and event-triggered weighting matrices can be obtained by solving the relevant linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, some illustrated examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach proposed.

In this article, a novel co- design approach of observed-based fault detection filter (FDF) and dynamic event-triggered controller is proposed for multi-area wind power system under dual alterable aperiodic (DAA) denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. It is the first attempt to design an observed-based FDF for wind power system considering actuator fault signal. And a tolerable actuator fault threshold function is constructed to warn the occurrence of fault signal. Then, considering the bandwidth limitation of network communication, a novel dynamic event-triggered scheme is proposed to decrease the occupation of communication channel. Furthermore, the DAA DoS attacks presented in this work have different blocking effects on data transmission in different network channel. On account of the existence of aperiodic DoS attacks, the general load frequency control model for wind power system is reconstructed as a new switched system. Based on the reconstructed model, the stability with an $H_{\infty }$ performance index is demonstrated by constructing appropriate polynomial Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. Besides, the FDF and dynamic event-triggered controller can be achieved by solving linear matrix inequalities. Finally, some contradistinctive case studies are given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approaches proposed in this article.

This paper investigates the stability and stabilization problem for delay-dependent Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy load fre quency control (LFC) power system with energy storage system (ESS). Firstly, a unified T-S fuzzy LFC model is constructed for power system with ESS by further analysing the nonlinear characteristics existing in turbine and governor dynamics. Secondly, a fuzzy proportional-integral control strategy is proposed to stabilize the T-S fuzzy power system. Then, based on existing approaches to handle quadratic function with respect to the time-varying delay, an improved quadratic function negative-determination lemma is proposed to achieve larger upper bound of time delay. Furthermore, delay-dependent stability criteria with less conservatism are established by means of Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, some contrast illustrative examples are given to verify the advantage of the proposed methods.

A distributed coordination load frequency control (LFC) approach is proposed for interconnected power systems, and a detection and compensation mechanism targeting denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is designed in this work. Firstly, different from traditional LFC, a hybrid-type distributed control strategy is proposed, which takes full advantage of local control information and coordination control information. Then, for discovering DoS attacks timely, a feasible detection algorithm targeting DoS attacks is presented. Furthermore, in order to weaken the harm of cyber-attacks, a triggered-type compensation mechanism for control data is proposed. By constructing appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals, a stability criterion with an $H_{\infty }$ performance index is developed. At last, the feasibility of detection and compensation mechanism targeting DoS attacks and the effectiveness of proposed control approach are demonstrated by presenting contrastive illustrative examples.

This study addresses the frequency control problem in multiarea power systems through the design of a decentralized periodic event-triggered scheme (DPETS). Initially, a unified discrete-time multiarea model is developed for power systems by adopting the general discretization method. Subsequently, a discrete-type DPETS is designed, relying solely on the locally available area control error to determine the time instants for transmitting the control signal to the equivalent generating unit. Furthermore, the ultimate boundedness of power systems under time-varying load demand disturbance is demonstrated by constructing novel discrete-time Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals, leading to a rigorous bound of ultimate states. Finally, a case study involving three-area interconnected power systems is presented to validate the feasibility of the designed control strategy.