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Ricardo Bernardo
Energy & Building Design, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

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Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Urban, Planning and Transport Research
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Sweden has set ambitious goals concerning future sustainable cities. Solar energy plays a vital role in this transformation, since it directly relates to our health and well-being, on-site renewable energy production, economic activity, and social interaction. Therefore, prioritizing solar access already in the urban design phase is important to create equal possibilities for everyone living and working in cities and communities. There is little known about how solar access is prioritized and assessed in the current urban planning process in Sweden. Therefore, two workshops were conducted with urban planners working at Swedish municipalities to establish a baseline, gaps and needs. The results identified three themes: (1) the role of solar access in the urban planning process, (2) suitable solar access metrics and threshold values, and (3) tools. A proper definition of solar access is missing, and only daylight indoors is regulated in the later stage. Therefore, the urban planners rank solar access as following: (1) daylight indoors, (2) day- and sunlight outdoors, and (3) active solar energy production. The participating municipalities had different routines concerning daylight but there were no established routines for solar access for outdoor spaces or active solar energy production. There was a need for better access to tools that can (1) provide quick feedback to iterate several design alternatives, (2) flag for ‘critical points’ in the zoning plan for solar access, (3) take other parameters into account, e.g. microclimate, and (4) visualize the performance of neighbourhoods for solar energy to other actors. Graphical Abstract

ACS Style

Jouri Kanters; Niko Gentile; Ricardo Bernardo. Planning for solar access in Sweden: routines, metrics, and tools. Urban, Planning and Transport Research 2021, 9, 348 -368.

AMA Style

Jouri Kanters, Niko Gentile, Ricardo Bernardo. Planning for solar access in Sweden: routines, metrics, and tools. Urban, Planning and Transport Research. 2021; 9 (1):348-368.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jouri Kanters; Niko Gentile; Ricardo Bernardo. 2021. "Planning for solar access in Sweden: routines, metrics, and tools." Urban, Planning and Transport Research 9, no. 1: 348-368.

Journal article
Published: 14 October 2019 in International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify appropriate concepts of multi-active façades for the renovation of multifamily buildings in Sweden and to determine which, if any, are financially viable. Design/methodology/approach A lifecycle profit (LCP) analysis was used to examine financial viability through a ten-step process, which included identifying concepts, assessing costs and prices, calculating the LCP and performing sensitivity analysis. Two existing buildings – one low rise and the other high rise – were used as reference models. Findings The findings were contradictory. Implementing any of the multi-active façade concepts on the high-rise building would be financially beneficial. The opposite was, however, the case for the low-rise building. Two factors causing this contradiction have been identified: the façade material before renovation and the size of the building. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to two case buildings situated in Sweden; however, similar buildings represent a significant amount of the existing building stock. Part of the purpose of the study is also to investigate the merits of LCP analysis to evaluate energy-efficient retrofitting. The study implicates the benefits and pitfalls of LCP analysis needed to be considered by researchers and practitioners alike. Originality/value The research findings contribute to the understanding of energy-efficient retrofitting of existing multifamily buildings based on prefabricated multi-active façade concepts.

ACS Style

Rikard Sundling; Stefan Olander; Petter Wallentén; Stephen Burke; Ricardo Bernardo; Åke Blomsterberg. Lifecycle profit analysis of prefabricated multi-active façades. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 2019, 37, 565 -578.

AMA Style

Rikard Sundling, Stefan Olander, Petter Wallentén, Stephen Burke, Ricardo Bernardo, Åke Blomsterberg. Lifecycle profit analysis of prefabricated multi-active façades. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation. 2019; 37 (5):565-578.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rikard Sundling; Stefan Olander; Petter Wallentén; Stephen Burke; Ricardo Bernardo; Åke Blomsterberg. 2019. "Lifecycle profit analysis of prefabricated multi-active façades." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 37, no. 5: 565-578.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2018 in The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
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ACS Style

Pia Piroschka Otte; Ricardo Bernardo; Randi Phinney; Henrik Davidsson; Lucas Daniel Tivana. Facilitating integrated agricultural technology development through participatory research. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 2018, 24, 285 -299.

AMA Style

Pia Piroschka Otte, Ricardo Bernardo, Randi Phinney, Henrik Davidsson, Lucas Daniel Tivana. Facilitating integrated agricultural technology development through participatory research. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension. 2018; 24 (3):285-299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pia Piroschka Otte; Ricardo Bernardo; Randi Phinney; Henrik Davidsson; Lucas Daniel Tivana. 2018. "Facilitating integrated agricultural technology development through participatory research." The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 24, no. 3: 285-299.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Energy and Buildings
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ACS Style

Tomas Ekström; L. Ricardo Bernardo; Åke Blomsterberg. Cost-effective passive house renovation packages for Swedish single-family houses from the 1960s and 1970s. Energy and Buildings 2018, 161, 89 -102.

AMA Style

Tomas Ekström, L. Ricardo Bernardo, Åke Blomsterberg. Cost-effective passive house renovation packages for Swedish single-family houses from the 1960s and 1970s. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 161 ():89-102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomas Ekström; L. Ricardo Bernardo; Åke Blomsterberg. 2018. "Cost-effective passive house renovation packages for Swedish single-family houses from the 1960s and 1970s." Energy and Buildings 161, no. : 89-102.

Research articles
Published: 02 January 2018 in Gender, Technology and Development
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Many agricultural technology interventions that aim to improve farmers’ livelihoods focus on households as the unit of analysis and ignore gender roles that entail different benefits and costs for different household members. Agricultural projects have shown limited success where gender roles and relations were ignored and thus more gender sensitive research is needed in agricultural technology development to ensure social acceptance. In this study, we address this need by investigating the importance of gender roles and relations in the case of solar fruit drying in Mozambique. We apply a variety of gender sensitive participatory methods that enable farmers to actively take part in the technology development process. First results indicate that the costs and benefits of solar fruit drying are not shared equally between genders. Women have much less time available for using the solar fruit dryer. The data also indicate that certain steps in the solar fruit drying process are clearly gender divided. We finally discuss potential mechanisms that can be applied in agricultural technology projects that can create awareness of the risk to reproduce traditional gender roles and unequal relations in the development process of new agricultural technologies.

ACS Style

Pia Piroschka Otte; Lucas Daniel Tivana; Randi Phinney; Ricardo Bernardo; Henrik Davidsson. The importance of gender roles and relations in rural agricultural technology development: a case study on solar fruit drying in Mozambique. Gender, Technology and Development 2018, 22, 40 -58.

AMA Style

Pia Piroschka Otte, Lucas Daniel Tivana, Randi Phinney, Ricardo Bernardo, Henrik Davidsson. The importance of gender roles and relations in rural agricultural technology development: a case study on solar fruit drying in Mozambique. Gender, Technology and Development. 2018; 22 (1):40-58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pia Piroschka Otte; Lucas Daniel Tivana; Randi Phinney; Ricardo Bernardo; Henrik Davidsson. 2018. "The importance of gender roles and relations in rural agricultural technology development: a case study on solar fruit drying in Mozambique." Gender, Technology and Development 22, no. 1: 40-58.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2017 in Proceedings of SWC2017/SHC2017
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ACS Style

Henrik Davidsson; Joakim Olsson; Randi Phinney; Ricardo Bernardo; Pia Otte; Lucas Daniel Tivana. Towards a Homogenous Drying Rate Using a Solar Fruit Dryer. Proceedings of SWC2017/SHC2017 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Henrik Davidsson, Joakim Olsson, Randi Phinney, Ricardo Bernardo, Pia Otte, Lucas Daniel Tivana. Towards a Homogenous Drying Rate Using a Solar Fruit Dryer. Proceedings of SWC2017/SHC2017. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henrik Davidsson; Joakim Olsson; Randi Phinney; Ricardo Bernardo; Pia Otte; Lucas Daniel Tivana. 2017. "Towards a Homogenous Drying Rate Using a Solar Fruit Dryer." Proceedings of SWC2017/SHC2017 , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2017 in Proceedings of SWC2017/SHC2017
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ACS Style

Tomas Ekström; Ricardo Bernardo; Henrik Davidsson; Åke Blomsterberg. Renovation of Swedish single-family houses from the 1960s and 1970s to net-zero energy buildings – Case study. Proceedings of SWC2017/SHC2017 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Tomas Ekström, Ricardo Bernardo, Henrik Davidsson, Åke Blomsterberg. Renovation of Swedish single-family houses from the 1960s and 1970s to net-zero energy buildings – Case study. Proceedings of SWC2017/SHC2017. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomas Ekström; Ricardo Bernardo; Henrik Davidsson; Åke Blomsterberg. 2017. "Renovation of Swedish single-family houses from the 1960s and 1970s to net-zero energy buildings – Case study." Proceedings of SWC2017/SHC2017 , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2016 in Energies
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According to recent technology road maps, system cost reductions and development of standardised plug-and-function systems are some of the most important goals for solar heating technology development. Retrofitting hot water boilers in single-family houses when installing solar collectors has the potential to significantly reduce both material and installation costs. Previous studies have investigated such retrofitting, using theoretical simulations and laboratory tests, but no actual installations were made and tested in practice. This article describes the installation, measured performance and cost effectiveness of a retrofitting solution that converts existing domestic hot water heaters to a solar domestic hot water system. The measured performance is characterised by the monthly and annual solar fractions. The cost effectiveness is evaluated by a life-cycle cost analysis, comparing the retrofitted system to a conventional solar domestic hot water system and the case without any solar heating system. Measurements showed that approximately 50% of the 5000 kWh/year of domestic hot water consumption was saved by the retrofitted system in south Sweden. Such savings are in agreement with previous estimations and are comparable to the energy savings when using a conventional solar domestic hot water system. The life-cycle cost analysis showed that, according to the assumptions and given climate, the return on investment of the retrofitted system is approximately 17 years, while a conventional system does not reach profitability during its lifetime of 25 years.

ACS Style

Luis Ricardo Bernardo; Henrik Davidsson; Erik Andersson. Retrofitted Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems for Swedish Single-Family Houses—Evaluation of a Prototype and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis. Energies 2016, 9, 953 .

AMA Style

Luis Ricardo Bernardo, Henrik Davidsson, Erik Andersson. Retrofitted Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems for Swedish Single-Family Houses—Evaluation of a Prototype and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis. Energies. 2016; 9 (11):953.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Ricardo Bernardo; Henrik Davidsson; Erik Andersson. 2016. "Retrofitted Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems for Swedish Single-Family Houses—Evaluation of a Prototype and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis." Energies 9, no. 11: 953.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress 2015
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ACS Style

L. R. Bernardo; Henrik Davidsson. Retrofitting Electrically Heated Single-Family Houses to Net-Zero Energy. Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress 2015 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

L. R. Bernardo, Henrik Davidsson. Retrofitting Electrically Heated Single-Family Houses to Net-Zero Energy. Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress 2015. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. R. Bernardo; Henrik Davidsson. 2016. "Retrofitting Electrically Heated Single-Family Houses to Net-Zero Energy." Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress 2015 , no. : 1.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress 2015
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ACS Style

H. Davidsson; Ricardo Bernardo; Manuel Romero; Taebeom Seo; David Renné. Heat Loss for a Run-Around Hybrid Ventilation System with Heat Recovery. Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress 2015 2016, 1 -6.

AMA Style

H. Davidsson, Ricardo Bernardo, Manuel Romero, Taebeom Seo, David Renné. Heat Loss for a Run-Around Hybrid Ventilation System with Heat Recovery. Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress 2015. 2016; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

H. Davidsson; Ricardo Bernardo; Manuel Romero; Taebeom Seo; David Renné. 2016. "Heat Loss for a Run-Around Hybrid Ventilation System with Heat Recovery." Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress 2015 , no. : 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Energy Procedia
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ACS Style

Henrik Davidsson; Ricardo Bernardo; Joao Gomes; Niko Gentile; Christian Gruffman; Luis Chea; Björn Karlsson. Construction of Laboratories for Solar Energy Research in Developing Countries. Energy Procedia 2014, 57, 982 -988.

AMA Style

Henrik Davidsson, Ricardo Bernardo, Joao Gomes, Niko Gentile, Christian Gruffman, Luis Chea, Björn Karlsson. Construction of Laboratories for Solar Energy Research in Developing Countries. Energy Procedia. 2014; 57 ():982-988.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henrik Davidsson; Ricardo Bernardo; Joao Gomes; Niko Gentile; Christian Gruffman; Luis Chea; Björn Karlsson. 2014. "Construction of Laboratories for Solar Energy Research in Developing Countries." Energy Procedia 57, no. : 982-988.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Energy Procedia
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PVT collectors produce both electricity and heat from the same area. PVT collectors with low concentration factor allow both stationary and tracking configurations. For stationary or single axis tracking, the daily variation in the solar incidence angle can cause significant shading in concentrating collectors. Shading has a larger impact on PV than on thermal collectors and thus the evaluations was more focused on the electrical part. Several prototype versions of a novel design for a concentrating asymmetric PVT collector have been tested and compared. One tested improvement was replacing the reflective end gables with transparent end gables. Another improvement was to use different cell sizes. These actions were expected to minimize the impact of the shading at oblique solar incidence angles. The second action was found to be more beneficial than the first. Measurements were also performed in the solar simulator to fully understand the impact of shading in cell strings with 1/6 the size of standard cells. The latest version of the PVT was found to have, at 25°C and 1000w/m2, a collector efficiency of 13,7%, a cell area efficiency of 20,3% and an electrical power output of 237W. Lower side of the receiver was producing 58% of the total power

ACS Style

João Gomes; Linkesh Diwan; L. Ricardo Bernardo; Björn Karlsson. Minimizing the Impact of Shading at Oblique Solar Angles in a Fully Enclosed Asymmetric Concentrating PVT Collector. Energy Procedia 2014, 57, 2176 -2185.

AMA Style

João Gomes, Linkesh Diwan, L. Ricardo Bernardo, Björn Karlsson. Minimizing the Impact of Shading at Oblique Solar Angles in a Fully Enclosed Asymmetric Concentrating PVT Collector. Energy Procedia. 2014; 57 ():2176-2185.

Chicago/Turabian Style

João Gomes; Linkesh Diwan; L. Ricardo Bernardo; Björn Karlsson. 2014. "Minimizing the Impact of Shading at Oblique Solar Angles in a Fully Enclosed Asymmetric Concentrating PVT Collector." Energy Procedia 57, no. : 2176-2185.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2013 in Buildings
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One of the most important factors when low energy houses are built is to have good heat recovery on the ventilation system. However, standard ventilation units use a considerable amount of electricity. This article discusses the consequences on a system level of using hybrid ventilation with heat recovery. The simulation program TRNSYS was used in order to investigate a ventilation system with heat recovery. The system also includes a ground source storage and waste water heat recovery system. The result of the analysis shows that the annual energy gain from ground source storage is limited. However, this is partly a consequence of the fact that the well functioning hybrid ventilation system leaves little room for improvements. The analysis shows that the hybrid ventilation system has potential to be an attractive solution for low energy buildings with a very low need for electrical energy.

ACS Style

Henrik Davidsson; Ricardo Bernardo; Bengt Hellström. Hybrid Ventilation with Innovative Heat Recovery—A System Analysis. Buildings 2013, 3, 245 -257.

AMA Style

Henrik Davidsson, Ricardo Bernardo, Bengt Hellström. Hybrid Ventilation with Innovative Heat Recovery—A System Analysis. Buildings. 2013; 3 (1):245-257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henrik Davidsson; Ricardo Bernardo; Bengt Hellström. 2013. "Hybrid Ventilation with Innovative Heat Recovery—A System Analysis." Buildings 3, no. 1: 245-257.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2013 in Energies
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System cost reductions and development of standardised plug-and-function systems are some of the most important goals for solar heating technology development. Retrofitting hot water boilers in single-family houses when installing solar collectors has the potential to significantly reduce both material and installation costs. In this study, the TRNSYS simulation models of the retrofitting solar thermal system were validated against measurements. Results show that the validated models are in good agreement with measurements. On an annual basis a deviation of 2.5% out of 1099 kWh was obtained between the auxiliary energy from results and from the simulation model for a complete system. Using the validated model a system optimization was carried out with respect to control strategies for auxiliary heating, heat losses and volume of auxiliary storage. A sensitivity analysis was carried out regarding different volumes of retrofitted hot water boiler, DHW profiles and climates. It was estimated that, with adequate improvements, extended annual solar fractions of 60%, 78% and 81% can be achieved for Lund (Sweden), Lisbon (Portugal) and Lusaka (Zambia), respectively. The correspondent collector area was 6, 4 and 3 m2, respectively. The studied retrofitted system achieves a comparable performance with conventional solar thermal systems with the potential to reduce the investment cost.

ACS Style

Luis R. Bernardo. Retrofitting Conventional Electric Domestic Hot Water Heaters to Solar Water Heating Systems in Single-Family Houses—Model Validation and Optimization. Energies 2013, 6, 953 -972.

AMA Style

Luis R. Bernardo. Retrofitting Conventional Electric Domestic Hot Water Heaters to Solar Water Heating Systems in Single-Family Houses—Model Validation and Optimization. Energies. 2013; 6 (2):953-972.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis R. Bernardo. 2013. "Retrofitting Conventional Electric Domestic Hot Water Heaters to Solar Water Heating Systems in Single-Family Houses—Model Validation and Optimization." Energies 6, no. 2: 953-972.

Journal article
Published: 14 January 2013 in Buildings
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A key component in low energy houses is the heat recovery from the ventilation air. Over recent years, the most frequently used ventilation type is the mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. This kind of ventilation results in high heat recovery but does unfortunately consume a considerable amount of electrical energy. Natural or hybrid ventilation has the potential to consume less electricity but normally lacks heat recovery, leading to high-energy consumption for heating, and potentially low comfort. This article describes an investigation of a natural/hybrid ventilation system equipped with heat recovery. One of the key challenges in designing the heat exchanger is to keep the pressure drop low. At the same time the heat recovery rate has to be high. The results from the measurements show that it is possible to design a water-to-air heat exchanger with a temperature efficiency of approximately 80% with a pressure drop of about 1 Pa at air flows corresponding to 0.35 L/(s∙m²) building area. This type of ventilation system has the potential to offer a high thermal comfort, high heat recovery rate at the same time as the electrical consumption from fans is kept low. Old buildings with a natural ventilation system without heat recovery could also be retrofitted with this type of ventilation system.

ACS Style

Henrik Davidsson; Ricardo Bernardo; Bengt Hellström. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of a Heat Exchanger Suitable for a Hybrid Ventilation System. Buildings 2013, 3, 18 -38.

AMA Style

Henrik Davidsson, Ricardo Bernardo, Bengt Hellström. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of a Heat Exchanger Suitable for a Hybrid Ventilation System. Buildings. 2013; 3 (1):18-38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henrik Davidsson; Ricardo Bernardo; Bengt Hellström. 2013. "Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of a Heat Exchanger Suitable for a Hybrid Ventilation System." Buildings 3, no. 1: 18-38.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2012 in Energies
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One of the biggest obstacles to economic profitability of solar water heating systems is the investment cost. Retrofitting existing domestic hot water heaters when a new solar hot water system is installed can reduce both the installation and material costs. In this study, retrofitting existing water heaters for solar water heating systems in Swedish single-family houses was theoretically investigated using the TRNSYS software. Four simulation models using forced circulation flow with different system configurations and control strategies were simulated and analysed in the study. A comparison with a standard solar thermal system was also presented based on the annual solar fraction. The simulation results indicate that the retrofitting configuration achieving the highest annual performance consists of a system where the existing tank is used as storage for the solar heat and a smaller tank with a heater is added in series to make sure that the required outlet temperature can be met. An external heat exchanger is used between the collector circuit and the existing tank. For this retrofitted system an annual solar fraction of 50.5% was achieved. A conventional solar thermal system using a standard solar tank achieves a comparable performance for the same total storage volume, collector area and reference conditions.

ACS Style

Luis R. Bernardo; Henrik Davidsson; Björn Karlsson. Retrofitting Domestic Hot Water Heaters for Solar Water Heating Systems in Single-Family Houses in a Cold Climate: A Theoretical Analysis. Energies 2012, 5, 4110 -4131.

AMA Style

Luis R. Bernardo, Henrik Davidsson, Björn Karlsson. Retrofitting Domestic Hot Water Heaters for Solar Water Heating Systems in Single-Family Houses in a Cold Climate: A Theoretical Analysis. Energies. 2012; 5 (10):4110-4131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis R. Bernardo; Henrik Davidsson; Björn Karlsson. 2012. "Retrofitting Domestic Hot Water Heaters for Solar Water Heating Systems in Single-Family Houses in a Cold Climate: A Theoretical Analysis." Energies 5, no. 10: 4110-4131.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2011 in Solar Energy
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Some of the main bottlenecks for the development and commercialization of photovoltaic/thermal hybrids are the lack of an internationally recognized standard testing procedure as well as a method to compare different hybrids with each other and with conventional alternatives. A complete methodology to characterize, simulate and evaluate concentrating photovoltaic/thermal hybrids has been proposed and exemplified in a particular case study. By using the suggested testing method, the hybrid parameters were experimentally determined. These were used in a validated simulation model that estimates the hybrid outputs in different geographic locations. Furthermore, the method includes a comparison of the hybrid performance with conventional collectors and photovoltaic modules working side-by-side. The measurements show that the hybrid electrical efficiency is 6.4% while the optical efficiency is 0.45 and the U-value 1.9 W/m2 °C. These values are poor when compared with the parameters of standard PV modules and flat plate collectors. Also, the beam irradiation incident on a north–south axis tracking surface is 20–40% lower than the global irradiation incident on a fixed surface at optimal tilt. There is margin of improvement for the studied hybrid but this combination makes it difficult for concentrating hybrids to compete with conventional PV modules and flat plate collectors.

ACS Style

L.R. Bernardo; Bengt Perers; H. Håkansson; B. Karlsson. Performance evaluation of low concentrating photovoltaic/thermal systems: A case study from Sweden. Solar Energy 2011, 85, 1499 -1510.

AMA Style

L.R. Bernardo, Bengt Perers, H. Håkansson, B. Karlsson. Performance evaluation of low concentrating photovoltaic/thermal systems: A case study from Sweden. Solar Energy. 2011; 85 (7):1499-1510.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L.R. Bernardo; Bengt Perers; H. Håkansson; B. Karlsson. 2011. "Performance evaluation of low concentrating photovoltaic/thermal systems: A case study from Sweden." Solar Energy 85, no. 7: 1499-1510.