Background/Objectives: Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) resulting from benign prostate enlargement (BPE) is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men. Patients with central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as spinal cord injury (SCI), Parkinson’s disease (PD), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and multiple systemic atrophy (MSA), commonly experience lower urinary tract dysfunction. Men who suffer from CNS diseases may also experience symptoms related to BPE and BOO, which pose an additional burden to their overall clinical status and result in the need for catheter use and a deterioration in quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify if prostate surgery will benefit men with CNS diseases who have been diagnosed with BPE-related BOO. Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane systematic reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from 1946 up to July 2023 for peer-reviewed publications addressing the primary outcome (success rate) and the secondary outcomes (postoperative changes in incontinence episodes, urodynamic parameters, questionnaire scores, and quality of life). In addition, the perioperative outcomes (adverse events and the need for further medical or surgical therapy) were reported. Results: A total of 1572 abstracts were screened, and 13 studies involving 1144 patients were eligible for inclusion. Six studies assessed the effect of prostate surgery for BPE-related BOO in SCI, four studies in CVA, two studies in PD, and one study in the MSA population. All studies were considered to have a high risk of bias. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) was the most common de-obstruction procedure, followed by prostatic artery embolism and open prostatectomy. The overall pooled success rate was calculated as 81.4% (65–100%) in SCI, 27.1% (9–70%) in PD, and 66.7% (50–79%) in CVA populations. The risk of de novo incontinence was 24.7–50% in SCI, 20% in PD, 21–50% in CVA, and 60% in MSA population. In patients with SCI with BPE-related BOO, prostate surgery improved mean bladder compliance and detrusor filling pressure and resolved detrusor overactivity in up to 50% of patients. Improvement of free flow rate, voided volume, and post-void residual was observed in all patients. Patients with CVA had an increased risk of perioperative mortality compared to non-CVA patients, and the risk of postoperative complications was inversely proportional to the timing of the CVA insult since surgery. Conclusions: This systematic review provides an overview of the available evidence on the outcome of prostate surgery in patients with neurologic diseases and BPE-related BOO. Identifying the optimal practice was challenging due to the limited availability of high-quality studies and the high variability of the reported outcomes. Properly selected patients with neurological diseases may benefit from prostate surgery, provided that preoperative investigations indicate BPE-related BOO.

Purpose: One of the most known sexually transmitted diseases is Condylomata acuminata (CA), a skin lesion occurring due to infection from Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). CA has a typical appearance of raised, skin-colored papules ranging in size from 1 mm to 5 mm. These lesions often form cauliflower-like plaques. Depending on the involved HPV-subtype (either high-risk or low-risk) and its malignant potential, these lesions are likely to lead to malignant transformation when specific HPV subtypes and other risk factors are present. Therefore, high clinical suspicion is required when examining the anal and perianal area. Methods: In this article, the authors aim to present the results of a five-year case series (2016–2021) of anal and perianal cases of CA. Results: A total of 35 patients were included in this study. Patients were categorized based on specific criteria, which included gender, sex preferences, and human immunodeficiency virus infection. All patients underwent proctoscopy and excision biopsies were obtained. Based on dysplasia grade patients were further categorized. The group of patients where high-dysplasia squamous cell carcinoma was present was initially treated with chemoradiotherapy. Abdominoperineal resection was necessary in five cases after local recurrence. Conclusions: CA remains a serious condition where several treatment options are available if detected early. Delay in diagnosis can lead to malignant transformation, often leaving abdominoperineal resection as the only option. Vaccination against HPV poses a key role in eliminating the transmission of the virus, and thus the prevalence of CA.

Castleman disease constitutes a rare class of lymphoproliferative disorders, with an estimated incidence of 21 to 25 per million patient years. The idiopathic subtype exhibits a significantly diverse clinical presentation, which can imitate many autoimmune, malignant, and infectious diseases. Cutaneous manifestations are uncommon and require in-depth investigation, especially when concurrent lymphadenopathy is present. A 79-year-old female, with a chronic, complicated erysipelas-like lesion, presented with bilaterally enlarged inguinal lymph nodes; after surgical excision, their histopathological examination revealed Castleman disease. Even though it is a benign condition, patients are often predisposed to developing certain types of malignancies, which can deteriorate their prognosis. An accurate and early diagnosis, along with effective treatment and prevention of recurrence, is of utmost importance in order to increase the patients’ overall survival and quality of life.