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This work examines the operation of the autonomous power system of a geographical island assuming the integration of significant generation shares from renewable energy sources and the installation of the required storage systems. The frequency stability of the system is investigated considering different operating conditions, in terms of load demand and renewable power generation. The main focus of the work is an original control strategy specifically designed for power converters interfacing storage units to the grid. The proposed strategy is based on an extended frequency droop control, which selects specific droop settings depending on the operating mode—charge or discharge—of the storage unit. A simulation model of the whole electrical system is developed for dynamic analysis. The model also implements the possibility of including specific auxiliary frequency controls for synthetic inertia and primary reserve. The results of the simulation and analysis indicate that the proposed control strategy has a significant positive effect, making the storage units able to provide a fundamental and more effective support to the frequency stability of the system. The application of the proposed control strategy to storage units also reduces the need for a contribution to the frequency control from intermittent and variable sources, making the whole system more robust, stable and reliable.
Mariano Ippolito; Fabio Massaro; Rossano Musca; Gaetano Zizzo. An Original Control Strategy of Storage Systems for the Frequency Stability of Autonomous Grids with Renewable Power Generation. Energies 2021, 14, 4391 .
AMA StyleMariano Ippolito, Fabio Massaro, Rossano Musca, Gaetano Zizzo. An Original Control Strategy of Storage Systems for the Frequency Stability of Autonomous Grids with Renewable Power Generation. Energies. 2021; 14 (15):4391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariano Ippolito; Fabio Massaro; Rossano Musca; Gaetano Zizzo. 2021. "An Original Control Strategy of Storage Systems for the Frequency Stability of Autonomous Grids with Renewable Power Generation." Energies 14, no. 15: 4391.
The application of Building Automation and Control (BAC) systems has many advantages. One of these is the reduction of the end-user electricity consumption and, if applied to lighting systems, the achievement of well-acknowledged benefits from daylight, such as productivity, health, visual comfort and well-being. Concerning the first aspect, the international Standard EN 15232 proposes the so-called BAC Factors (BF) method to assess the impact of BAC systems on the final energy consumption. The method provides a simplified estimation of the energy savings due to automation in buildings and questions arise on its applicability in some situations. For this reason, the authors have carried out an experimental study aiming at comparing the energy savings calculated using the simplified BAC factor method with those evaluated with a measurement campaign on a laboratory setup. In particular, the BF are evaluated for an office and a residential environment, using sets of data measured in two cases study in South Italy by testing two lighting control systems in different end-uses (residential and office). The comparison between the sets of data shows the limits of the simplified BAC factor method.
Marina Bonomolo; Gaetano Zizzo; Simone Ferrari; Marco Beccali; Stefania Guarino. Empirical BAC factors method application to two real case studies in South Italy. Energy 2021, 236, 121498 .
AMA StyleMarina Bonomolo, Gaetano Zizzo, Simone Ferrari, Marco Beccali, Stefania Guarino. Empirical BAC factors method application to two real case studies in South Italy. Energy. 2021; 236 ():121498.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Bonomolo; Gaetano Zizzo; Simone Ferrari; Marco Beccali; Stefania Guarino. 2021. "Empirical BAC factors method application to two real case studies in South Italy." Energy 236, no. : 121498.
The occurrence of system separations in the power system of Continental Europe has been observed in recent decades as a critical event which might cause power imbalances higher than the reference incident specified per system design, representing an actual challenge for the stability and safe operation of the system. This work presents an analysis and simulations of the primary frequency control in the Continental Europe synchronous area in conditions of system separation. The adopted approach is based on fundamental aspects of the frequency-containment reserve process. The analysis takes an actual event into consideration, which determined the separation of the system in January 2021. The main purpose of the work is the development of specific models and simulations able to reproduce the actual split event. Due to specific arrangements discussed in detail, it is possible to obtain a substantial match between the simulations and the frequencies registered after the system split. The work also provides insight into the importance of the temporal sequence of power imbalances and defensive actions in the primary frequency control process. The models developed in the work are finally used to investigate the separation event under different operating conditions, such as missing defensive actions and low inertia scenarios.
Mariano Ippolito; Rossano Musca; Gaetano Zizzo. Analysis and Simulations of the Primary Frequency Control during a System Split in Continental Europe Power System. Energies 2021, 14, 1456 .
AMA StyleMariano Ippolito, Rossano Musca, Gaetano Zizzo. Analysis and Simulations of the Primary Frequency Control during a System Split in Continental Europe Power System. Energies. 2021; 14 (5):1456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariano Ippolito; Rossano Musca; Gaetano Zizzo. 2021. "Analysis and Simulations of the Primary Frequency Control during a System Split in Continental Europe Power System." Energies 14, no. 5: 1456.
The paper investigates the energy performances of several configurations of solar-assisted heat pumps equipped with photovoltaic (PV) and photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) panels as well as solar thermal collectors for domestic hot water production. The systems are sized to serve small aggregates of users assumed as micro energy communities in low housing density context in the South of Italy. Electricity storages are also considered to smooth the interaction with the electric grid. Several indices are defined and calculated to guide toward a correct sizing, to check users’ satisfaction and to assess primary energy savings. The results show how the energy consumption from the analysed systems is mainly influenced by the amount and structure of domestic hot water demand per day. Also, according to the chosen plant layouts, it is shown that thermal contribution of PVT slightly influences the system performances. Better results in terms of less non-renewable primary energy consumption are recorded for the PV-based plant. Solar thermal collectors, even if sized for high solar fractions, do not properly support the daily heat pump operation, especially in winter, and present a certain electricity consumption for auxiliaries which results to be penalizing. Additional calculations were performed for the case of energy communities in a context with higher uses of non-renewable energy for electricity generation. Finally, opportunities to support demand-response actions for grid electricity management were investigated.
Francesca Martorana; Marina Bonomolo; Giuliana Leone; Francesco Monteleone; Gaetano Zizzo; Marco Beccali. Solar-assisted heat pumps systems for domestic hot water production in small energy communities. Solar Energy 2021, 217, 113 -133.
AMA StyleFrancesca Martorana, Marina Bonomolo, Giuliana Leone, Francesco Monteleone, Gaetano Zizzo, Marco Beccali. Solar-assisted heat pumps systems for domestic hot water production in small energy communities. Solar Energy. 2021; 217 ():113-133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Martorana; Marina Bonomolo; Giuliana Leone; Francesco Monteleone; Gaetano Zizzo; Marco Beccali. 2021. "Solar-assisted heat pumps systems for domestic hot water production in small energy communities." Solar Energy 217, no. : 113-133.
Due to the large number of distribution transformers in the distribution grid, the status of distribution transformers plays an important role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the these grids. To evaluate the distribution transformer health, many assessment techniques have been studied and developed. These tools will support the transformer operators in predicting the status of the distribution transformer and responding effectively. This paper will review the literature in the area, analyze the latest techniques as well as highlight the advantages and disadvantages of current methodologies.
Quynh T. Tran; Kevin Davies; Leon Roose; Puthawat Wiriyakitikun; Jaktupong Janjampop; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Gaetano Zizzo. A Review of Health Assessment Techniques for Distribution Transformers in Smart Distribution Grids. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleQuynh T. Tran, Kevin Davies, Leon Roose, Puthawat Wiriyakitikun, Jaktupong Janjampop, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Gaetano Zizzo. A Review of Health Assessment Techniques for Distribution Transformers in Smart Distribution Grids. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (22):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuynh T. Tran; Kevin Davies; Leon Roose; Puthawat Wiriyakitikun; Jaktupong Janjampop; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Gaetano Zizzo. 2020. "A Review of Health Assessment Techniques for Distribution Transformers in Smart Distribution Grids." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22: 1.
In this new era of high electrical energy dependency, electrical energy must be abundant and reliable, thus smart grids are conducted to deliver load demands. Hence, smart grids are implemented alongside distributed generation of renewable energies to increase the reliability and controllability of the grid, but, with the very volatile nature of the Distributed Generation (DG), Demand Side Management (DSM) helps monitor and control the load shape of the consumed power. The interaction of DSM with the grid provides a wide range of mutual benefits to the user, the utility and the market. DSM methodologies such as Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) and Direct Load Control (DLC) collaborate in the reduction of plant generation and reciprocally to the comprehensive cost. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects caused by the implementation of DSM on the operation of PV-integrated distribution systems. The algorithms of CVR, DLC and the combination of CVR and DLC were implemented using OpenDSS and MATLAB. The effectiveness of the aforementioned schemes was verified on IEEE 30-Bus test system. Various possible integration scenarios between Photovoltaic (PV) and DSM schemes are illustrated. The optimal integration of such schemes constraining the reduction of energy consumed by the user and utility is presented. The results show that the implemented DSM algorithms provide a noticeable reduction in energy losses and reduction in consumed energy.
Jaser A. Sa’Ed; Zakariya Wari; Fadi AbuGhazaleh; Jafar Dawud; Salvatore Favuzza; Gaetano Zizzo. Effect of Demand Side Management on the Operation of PV-Integrated Distribution Systems. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7551 .
AMA StyleJaser A. Sa’Ed, Zakariya Wari, Fadi AbuGhazaleh, Jafar Dawud, Salvatore Favuzza, Gaetano Zizzo. Effect of Demand Side Management on the Operation of PV-Integrated Distribution Systems. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (21):7551.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaser A. Sa’Ed; Zakariya Wari; Fadi AbuGhazaleh; Jafar Dawud; Salvatore Favuzza; Gaetano Zizzo. 2020. "Effect of Demand Side Management on the Operation of PV-Integrated Distribution Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21: 7551.
In this paper, a review of the existing special bonding techniques for medium voltage (MV) and high-voltage (HV) cables is presented. Special bonding techniques have the purpose of reducing sheath currents, thereby limiting copper losses and the reduction of the ampacity of cables. The literature review shows various bonding techniques and how these have evolved over the years thanks to new technologies. Simulations of each technique are performed in MATLAB/Simulink, to compare their strengths and drawbacks both under normal conditions and in the presence of a single-line-to-ground fault.
Roberto Candela; Antonio Gattuso; Massimo Mitolo; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Gaetano Zizzo. A Comparison of Special Bonding Techniques for Transmission and Distribution Cables Under Normal and Fault Conditions. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2020, 57, 101 -109.
AMA StyleRoberto Candela, Antonio Gattuso, Massimo Mitolo, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Gaetano Zizzo. A Comparison of Special Bonding Techniques for Transmission and Distribution Cables Under Normal and Fault Conditions. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2020; 57 (1):101-109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Candela; Antonio Gattuso; Massimo Mitolo; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Gaetano Zizzo. 2020. "A Comparison of Special Bonding Techniques for Transmission and Distribution Cables Under Normal and Fault Conditions." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 57, no. 1: 101-109.
In this paper, the authors discuss a simulation model to study the effect of cross-bonding of metallic sheaths, and/or non-magnetic armors, of single-core medium- and high-voltage cables in the same circuit. In single-core cables, the resistive losses due to the induced circulating currents in cable sheaths or armors causes an increase of the cable temperature, which therefore reduces its ampacity. This is a serious issue affecting distribution and transmission lines. In addition, the risk of electric shock due to induced voltages may be present if a person is in contact with the armor/sheath at its unbounded end. For these reasons, special bonding techniques of metal sheaths are employed to reduce these currents. The simulation model to assess magnitude and distribution of induced armor/sheath currents of medium- and high-voltage cables that is herein proposed may be used to optimize the cross-bonding configuration of single-core cables employed in high-current industrial applications or in transmission/distribution power grids. The model has been experimentally validated by means of actual data from a high-voltage underground line and field measurements performed by Prysmian Electronics.
Roberto Candela; Antonio Gattuso; Massimo Mitolo; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Gaetano Zizzo. A Model for Assessing the Magnitude and Distribution of Sheath Currents in Medium and High-Voltage Cable Lines. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2020, 56, 6250 -6257.
AMA StyleRoberto Candela, Antonio Gattuso, Massimo Mitolo, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Gaetano Zizzo. A Model for Assessing the Magnitude and Distribution of Sheath Currents in Medium and High-Voltage Cable Lines. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2020; 56 (6):6250-6257.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Candela; Antonio Gattuso; Massimo Mitolo; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Gaetano Zizzo. 2020. "A Model for Assessing the Magnitude and Distribution of Sheath Currents in Medium and High-Voltage Cable Lines." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 6: 6250-6257.
Although decarbonisation is one of the most important macro-trends of this century, electricity generation from coal power plants is still broadly common. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of a premature coal power plants phase-out on the Italian day-ahead electricity market. For this purpose, two electricity price forecasts, related to different scenarios between 2019 and 2030, and two different hypotheses for the creation of electricity spot price, were compared. The results from the different scenarios show that coal power plants phase-out determines a small variation in electricity price when bid-up is not considered; instead, when operators’ bid-up is included in the study, the price variation becomes relevant.
Michele Fiorelli; Dogan Keles; Francesco Montana; Giovanni Lorenzo Restifo; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Gaetano Zizzo. Evaluation of the Administrative Phase-Out of Coal Power Plants on the Italian Electricity Market. Energies 2020, 13, 4596 .
AMA StyleMichele Fiorelli, Dogan Keles, Francesco Montana, Giovanni Lorenzo Restifo, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Gaetano Zizzo. Evaluation of the Administrative Phase-Out of Coal Power Plants on the Italian Electricity Market. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4596.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Fiorelli; Dogan Keles; Francesco Montana; Giovanni Lorenzo Restifo; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Gaetano Zizzo. 2020. "Evaluation of the Administrative Phase-Out of Coal Power Plants on the Italian Electricity Market." Energies 13, no. 18: 4596.
Worldwide, the majority of small islands not connected to the main grid is still dependent on fossil fuels. From an economic and environmental point of view, this condition is no more sustainable given the high costs for electricity generation and the high level of pollutant emissions. Furthermore, the dependence on fossil fuel represents a risk for the security of the supply of several small developing Countries since they are obliged to import those resources from foreign Countries. The introduction of renewable energy sources in small islands represents a valid solution to solve these problems. In this context, the paper investigates the case of Lampedusa, a small Italian island whose electrical power system is currently totally supplied by diesel power plants. In the paper, the authors investigate the transition toward an economically and technically feasible generating system based on solar, wind and sea wave plants, to achieve specific targets of decarbonization. Commercial technologies are adopted for the exploitation of solar and wind sources, while sea wave plants are based on an innovative device, currently under development at the University of Palermo. A mathematical model is proposed to find the optimal energy mix that can satisfy a fixed share of annual electricity production from renewables, considering the Levelized Cost of Electricity. Finally, the proposed solution is analyzed in order to check the dynamic stability of the power system. The paper shows that, for replacing the 40% of the current electricity demand of Lampedusa, an optimal energy mix comprising 1509 kW from photovoltaic plants, 2100 kW from wind turbines and 640 kW from wave energy converters is needed. In this way, the actualized cost for the electricity production could be reduced to 0.260 €/kWh from the current value of 0.282 €/kWh.
Domenico Curto; Salvatore Favuzza; Vincenzo Franzitta; Rossano Musca; Milagros Amparo Navarro Navia; Gaetano Zizzo. Evaluation of the optimal renewable electricity mix for Lampedusa island: The adoption of a technical and economical methodology. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 263, 121404 .
AMA StyleDomenico Curto, Salvatore Favuzza, Vincenzo Franzitta, Rossano Musca, Milagros Amparo Navarro Navia, Gaetano Zizzo. Evaluation of the optimal renewable electricity mix for Lampedusa island: The adoption of a technical and economical methodology. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 263 ():121404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDomenico Curto; Salvatore Favuzza; Vincenzo Franzitta; Rossano Musca; Milagros Amparo Navarro Navia; Gaetano Zizzo. 2020. "Evaluation of the optimal renewable electricity mix for Lampedusa island: The adoption of a technical and economical methodology." Journal of Cleaner Production 263, no. : 121404.
In this paper, the authors discuss the legal liabilities of the professional engineer as both the engineer of record of a project and the construction site manager. In particular, this paper analyzes the case of a fire at the end-user Medium Voltage-Low Voltage (MV-LV) substation of a shopping center in Italy, which occurred a few years after the maintenance works on the electrical installation. The professional engineer who had designed and overseen the construction of the substation was accused of professional negligence. The authors through the examination of applicable technical standards, as well as of safety regulations, demonstrate that the professional engineer had acted diligently and that there was no ground for the negligence charges. The analysis of the substation fire is provided, and the importance of the chain of custody, the chronological documentation, and the secure storing of all the artifacts and fire-damaged evidence is discussed. The authors believe that this paper can be a useful reference for electrical forensics engineers, investigating similar accidents.
Guido Ala; Salvatore Favuzza; Massimo Mitolo; Rossano Musca; Gaetano Zizzo. Forensic Analysis of Fire in a Substation of a Commercial Center. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2020, 56, 3218 -3223.
AMA StyleGuido Ala, Salvatore Favuzza, Massimo Mitolo, Rossano Musca, Gaetano Zizzo. Forensic Analysis of Fire in a Substation of a Commercial Center. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2020; 56 (3):3218-3223.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuido Ala; Salvatore Favuzza; Massimo Mitolo; Rossano Musca; Gaetano Zizzo. 2020. "Forensic Analysis of Fire in a Substation of a Commercial Center." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 3: 3218-3223.
Islanded microgrids are small networks that work independently from the main grid. The frequency and voltage in islanded microgrids are affected directly by the output power of distributed generators and power demand variations. In this work, a real-time driven primary regulation, which relies on optimized P-f droop coefficients, is proposed. In all operating conditions, it minimizes the power losses for islanded microgrids. The proposed configuration will allow the optimization modules to interact with each other and adjust parameters producing a suitable power sharing among generators. The methodology is tested based on a hardware-in-the-loop experimental set-up where distributed generators are connected to a group of loads. A parametric analysis is implemented for verification of the effectiveness of the proposed configuration as well as the improvement of the system reliability.
Quynh T.T Tran; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Gaetano Zizzo; Maria Luisa Di Silvestre; Tung Lam Nguyen; Quoc-Tuan Tran. Real-Time Minimization Power Losses by Driven Primary Regulation in Islanded Microgrids. Energies 2020, 13, 451 .
AMA StyleQuynh T.T Tran, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Gaetano Zizzo, Maria Luisa Di Silvestre, Tung Lam Nguyen, Quoc-Tuan Tran. Real-Time Minimization Power Losses by Driven Primary Regulation in Islanded Microgrids. Energies. 2020; 13 (2):451.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuynh T.T Tran; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Gaetano Zizzo; Maria Luisa Di Silvestre; Tung Lam Nguyen; Quoc-Tuan Tran. 2020. "Real-Time Minimization Power Losses by Driven Primary Regulation in Islanded Microgrids." Energies 13, no. 2: 451.
Building automation systems are able to influence significantly buildings’ energy performance. The BAC factors method, presented for the first time by the International Standard EN 15232, is the most used and simple instrument for evaluating the impact of such systems in terms of reduction of the electrical and thermal energy consumption of buildings services. Nevertheless, Standard EN 15232 does not take into consideration the automation of lighting systems serving buildings’ external areas like passages, gardens, entrance walkways, etc. In some cases, such areas can be very extended and, as a consequence, responsible for a not negligible percentage of the overall electricity consumption. Taking this last consideration as a basis, in this paper, a method is proposed for the definition and the evaluation of a new BAC factor for outdoor lighting systems, named OL-BAC factor. The method can be considered complementary to the one proposed by the Standard EN 15232 for the indoor lighting energy consumption estimation and proposes some improvements in the implementation of the latter. In particular, in this paper, the OL-BAC factors are calculated showing the importance of two parameters that are not taken into account by the Standard EN 15232: the latitude of the installation site and the energy absorbed by the devices for the luminaires’ automatic control.
Marina Bonomolo; Simone Ferrari; Gaetano Zizzo. Assessing the electricity consumption of outdoor lighting systems in the presence of automatic control: The OL-BAC factors method. Sustainable Cities and Society 2019, 54, 102009 .
AMA StyleMarina Bonomolo, Simone Ferrari, Gaetano Zizzo. Assessing the electricity consumption of outdoor lighting systems in the presence of automatic control: The OL-BAC factors method. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2019; 54 ():102009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Bonomolo; Simone Ferrari; Gaetano Zizzo. 2019. "Assessing the electricity consumption of outdoor lighting systems in the presence of automatic control: The OL-BAC factors method." Sustainable Cities and Society 54, no. : 102009.
DG-integrated distribution system planning is an imperative issue since the installing of distributed generations (DGs) has many effects on the network operation characteristics, which might cause significant impacts on the system performance. One of the most important characteristics that mostly varies because of the installation of DG units is the power losses. The parameters affecting the value of the power losses are number, location, capacity, and power factor of the DG units. In this paper, a new analytical approach is proposed for optimally installing DGs to minimize power loss in distribution networks. Different parameters of DG are considered and evaluated in order to achieve a high loss reduction in the electrical distribution networks. The algorithm of the proposed approach has been implemented using MATLAB software and has been tested and investigated on 12-bus, 33-bus, and 69-bus IEEE distribution test systems. The results show that the proposed approach can provide an accurate solution via simple algorithm without using exhaustive process of power flow computations.
Jaser A. Sa’Ed; Mohammad Amer; Ahmed Bodair; Ahmad Baransi; Salvatore Favuzza; Gaetano Zizzo. A Simplified Analytical Approach for Optimal Planning of Distributed Generation in Electrical Distribution Networks. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 5446 .
AMA StyleJaser A. Sa’Ed, Mohammad Amer, Ahmed Bodair, Ahmad Baransi, Salvatore Favuzza, Gaetano Zizzo. A Simplified Analytical Approach for Optimal Planning of Distributed Generation in Electrical Distribution Networks. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (24):5446.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaser A. Sa’Ed; Mohammad Amer; Ahmed Bodair; Ahmad Baransi; Salvatore Favuzza; Gaetano Zizzo. 2019. "A Simplified Analytical Approach for Optimal Planning of Distributed Generation in Electrical Distribution Networks." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24: 5446.
Today, the blockchain is synonymous of technological innovation, being recognized among the 10 top strategy technologies in 2018 by the consulting company Gartner, it is more and more adopted in different sectors. However, the initial enthusiasm around this technology is going beyond the peak of inflated expectations, towards more stable applications in money transactions, cryptocurrencies and Digital Commodity Exchanges. Essentially, misguided efforts, the overuse of blockchain, and the Bitcoin's price drop have been the main reasons for this decay in expectations. Nevertheless, the exploitation of the blockchain technology in the power systems area appears largely underexplored, furthermore, the relation to the physical asset makes the blockchain application more complex but also more reliable and related to measurable benefits. The most common applications in the power systems area relate to the energy market. When the blockchain technology is indeed applied to the energy field, the term energy blockchain is used. This article aims to propose a wide perspective about the application of the blockchain technology in the power systems area, clarifying some technical aspects concerning this promising technology, the features and applications developed so far, while focusing on the future of innovative applications in the electrical energy sector.
Maria Luisa Di Silvestre; Pierluigi Gallo; Josep Guerrero; Rossano Musca; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Giuseppe Sciumè; Juan C. Vasquez; Gaetano Zizzo. Blockchain for power systems: Current trends and future applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 119, 109585 .
AMA StyleMaria Luisa Di Silvestre, Pierluigi Gallo, Josep Guerrero, Rossano Musca, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Giuseppe Sciumè, Juan C. Vasquez, Gaetano Zizzo. Blockchain for power systems: Current trends and future applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 119 ():109585.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Luisa Di Silvestre; Pierluigi Gallo; Josep Guerrero; Rossano Musca; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Giuseppe Sciumè; Juan C. Vasquez; Gaetano Zizzo. 2019. "Blockchain for power systems: Current trends and future applications." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 119, no. : 109585.
The resonant grounding is one of the possible methods of system neutral grounding for the medium voltage distribution. IEEE standards do define this grounding configuration, but important advantages and drawbacks of the resonant grounding might not be fully known, due to its rather uncommon application in North America. On the other hand, resonant grounding in Europe is imposed by the increased requirements for power quality, especially for medium-voltage industrial users, imposed to electric utilities by Regulatory Authorities, with the purpose to protect the interests of users and consumers. Level of the continuity of the service, magnitude and phase of ground-fault currents, magnitude of touch voltages, all depend on how the neutral is connected to ground. In this paper, the authors will discuss electrical safety features of the resonant ground, and analyze issues when a substation, originally operated with different methods of system neutral grounding, is reconfigured with a resonant ground. In particular, a conservative approach for preserving safety during HV-MV substations' reconfiguration is herein proposed; the cases of the substation reconfiguration from resonant grounding to isolated-from-ground and vice versa shall be analyzed. Finally, the analysis of the impact of the use of Petersen Coil on the Global Grounding Systems will be provided.
Massimo Mitolo; Rossano Musca; Michele Tartaglia; Gaetano Zizzo. Electrical Safety Analysis in the Presence of Resonant Grounding Neutral. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2019, 55, 4483 -4489.
AMA StyleMassimo Mitolo, Rossano Musca, Michele Tartaglia, Gaetano Zizzo. Electrical Safety Analysis in the Presence of Resonant Grounding Neutral. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2019; 55 (5):4483-4489.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassimo Mitolo; Rossano Musca; Michele Tartaglia; Gaetano Zizzo. 2019. "Electrical Safety Analysis in the Presence of Resonant Grounding Neutral." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, no. 5: 4483-4489.
The energy blockchain is a distributed Internet protocol for energy transactions between nodes of a power system. Recent applications of the energy blockchain in microgrids only consider the energy transactions between peers without considering the technical issues that can arise, especially when the system is islanded. One contribution of the paper is, thus, to depict a comprehensive framework of the technical and economic management of microgrids in the blockchain era, considering, for the first time, the provision of ancillary services and, in particular, of the voltage regulation service. When more PV nodes are operating in the grid, large reactive power flows may appear in the branches. In order to limit such flows, a reactive optimal power flow (R-OPF) is solved, setting the voltage at the PV buses as variables within prescribed limits. Each PV generator will thus contribute to voltage regulation, receiving a remuneration included in the transaction and certified by the blockchain technology. For showing how this system can work, a test microgrid, where some energy transactions take place, has been considered. For each transaction, the R-OPF assigns the reactive power to the PV buses. The R-OPF is solved by a Glow-worm Swarm Optimizer. Finally, the paper proposes a method for remuneration of reactive power provision; this method, integrated into the blockchain, allows evaluating the contribution to voltage regulation and increases the transparency and cost traceability in the transactions. The application section shows the implementation of a Tendermint-based Energy transaction platform integrating R-OPF and the above cited technical assessments.
Maria Luisa Di Silvestre; Pierluigi Gallo; Mariano Giuseppe Ippolito; Rossano Musca; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Quynh Thi Tu Tran; Gaetano Zizzo. Ancillary Services in the Energy Blockchain for Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2019, 55, 7310 -7319.
AMA StyleMaria Luisa Di Silvestre, Pierluigi Gallo, Mariano Giuseppe Ippolito, Rossano Musca, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Quynh Thi Tu Tran, Gaetano Zizzo. Ancillary Services in the Energy Blockchain for Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2019; 55 (6):7310-7319.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Luisa Di Silvestre; Pierluigi Gallo; Mariano Giuseppe Ippolito; Rossano Musca; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Quynh Thi Tu Tran; Gaetano Zizzo. 2019. "Ancillary Services in the Energy Blockchain for Microgrids." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, no. 6: 7310-7319.
Pietro Colella; Enrico Pons; Riccardo Tommasini; Maria Luisa Di Silvestre; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Gaetano Zizzo. Fall of Potential Measurement of the Earth Resistance in Urban Environments: Accuracy Evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2019, 55, 2337 -2346.
AMA StylePietro Colella, Enrico Pons, Riccardo Tommasini, Maria Luisa Di Silvestre, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Gaetano Zizzo. Fall of Potential Measurement of the Earth Resistance in Urban Environments: Accuracy Evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2019; 55 (3):2337-2346.
Chicago/Turabian StylePietro Colella; Enrico Pons; Riccardo Tommasini; Maria Luisa Di Silvestre; Eleonora Riva Sanseverino; Gaetano Zizzo. 2019. "Fall of Potential Measurement of the Earth Resistance in Urban Environments: Accuracy Evaluation." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, no. 3: 2337-2346.
Massimo Mitolo; Rossano Musca; Gaetano Zizzo. A Cost-Effective Solution for Clearing High-Impedance Ground Faults in Overhead Low-Voltage Lines. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2018, 55, 1208 -1213.
AMA StyleMassimo Mitolo, Rossano Musca, Gaetano Zizzo. A Cost-Effective Solution for Clearing High-Impedance Ground Faults in Overhead Low-Voltage Lines. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2018; 55 (2):1208-1213.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassimo Mitolo; Rossano Musca; Gaetano Zizzo. 2018. "A Cost-Effective Solution for Clearing High-Impedance Ground Faults in Overhead Low-Voltage Lines." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, no. 2: 1208-1213.
European renewable generation has been supported through several policy instruments in the last decades, and this has caused a significant growth of the renewable energy sector, spurred by the ambitious climate and energy policy targets. Despite this impetuous growth, the electricity infrastructure is not yet ready to accept increasing shares of variable renewable energy sources (RES) generation, and this is causing grid balance challenges, due to the inherently variable nature of the PV and wind energy. In order to overcome this issue, allowing higher shares of renewable generation in the energy sector, energy storage (ES) systems are becoming increasingly competitive in the global energy landscape, thanks to the positive momentum in research and innovation, making European energy supply more secure, sustainable and affordable. Despite the unarguable benefits, storage technologies still see significant needs for more education among stakeholders, since they are not familiar with technology's benefits and management solutions. In order to fill this gap, this study provides an overview of storage technologies for stationary applications in the EU (plus Bosnia-Erzegovina, Norway and Switzerland), addressing the main trends in European policy legislation, also identifying advantages and barriers for their implementation. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the US Department of Energy (DOE) storage database, the main trends in ES installations within the EU markets are identified, with reference to storage technologies. The analysis carried out in this work could help stakeholders to assess the European storage market evolution in the stationary sector, identifying the main drivers and barriers for each storage technology.
L. Dusonchet; S. Favuzza; F. Massaro; E. Telaretti; G. Zizzo. Technological and legislative status point of stationary energy storages in the EU. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018, 101, 158 -167.
AMA StyleL. Dusonchet, S. Favuzza, F. Massaro, E. Telaretti, G. Zizzo. Technological and legislative status point of stationary energy storages in the EU. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018; 101 ():158-167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Dusonchet; S. Favuzza; F. Massaro; E. Telaretti; G. Zizzo. 2018. "Technological and legislative status point of stationary energy storages in the EU." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 101, no. : 158-167.