La conservación de los sistemas agroforestales de cacao (SAFC) en Tabasco, México, requiere la revaloración de sus funciones ambientales, debido a que representan relictos de vegetación arbórea en un paisaje dominado por áreas cultivadas. Por tal motivo, se desarrolló una investigación para evaluar la diversidad, estructura arbórea y carbono almacenado en sistemas agroforestales de cacao en la región de la Chontalpa en el estado de Tabasco, México, según edad, suelos y municipios. Para ello, los SAFC se inventariaron para determinar la diversidad a través de los índices de Shannon-Wienner y Sorenson, la estructura arbórea mediante el índice de valor de importancia, clases diamétricas y altura, así como la biomasa aérea estimada a través de ecuaciones alométricas, con lo que se calcularon los contenidos de carbono. Se identificaron 24 familias, 37 géneros y 39 especies. Los SAFC ≥ 40 años poseen ligeramente más diversidad y densidad arbórea. Con base en la edad de los SAFC, la diversidad y estructura arbórea es mayor en los SAFC ≥ 40 años con respecto a los SAFC > (10-15) años y SAFC > (20-35) años; mientras que, con respecto al grupo de suelo, los indicadores antes mencionados son más altos en los Gleysols, seguido de los Fluvisols, Cambisols y Vertisols. La edad y el tipo de suelo determinan el carbono almacenado en la biomasa aérea. Setenta y cinco por ciento del carbono de la biomasa aérea se almacena en los árboles de sombra y 25% en el cacao. Se concluye que los SAFC en Tabasco son similares en diversidad y estructura arbórea. Los más viejos, establecidos en suelos Fluvisoles, son ligeramente más diversos y registran mayor área basal, por lo que almacenan más carbono en la biomasa aérea.

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Climate change can alter carbon (C) stocks stored in coffee agroforestry systems. Objective. To simulate C stocks in the aboveground biomass (ABOS) and soil (COS) at a fifty-years projection under the baseline and climate change scenarios in agroforestry systems with coffee, using the CO2Fix model. Materials and methods. In 2020, the baseline total C (ABOC + COS) was established in twenty-five organic coffee plots of the Catuai Amarillo S. de SS Society, Chcaman, Veracruz, Mexico. The plots were classified into three agroforestry designs: D1 (shade trees -coffee on slopes), D2 (shade trees -coffee-banana on slopes), and D3 (shade trees -coffee-banana in the valley). The CO2Fix model was used to simulate the total C stocks at a fifty-years projection under the baseline and climate change scenarios in the three agroforestry designs with coffee. Results. The total C in the baseline was 124.59, 107.43, and 102.320 t ha-1 for D1, D2, and D3, respectively. There were decreases between 0,77 and 8,75 t ha-1 in the low total C stocks under climate change scenarios in the three agroforestry designs evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences between agroforestry designs in the baseline and under climate change scenarios. Although variations were found, total C stocks were maintained over time. The tree cohort was the main storage source of total C storage. Conclusion. It was possible to simulate, in a fifty-year projection, the carbon stocks in aboveground biomass and soil in the baseline, under different climate change scenarios, using the CO2Fix model, in agroforestry systems with coffee from the Catuai Amarillo S. de S.S. Society.

(1) Background: Coffee agroforestry systems (CAFS) in Veracruz, Mexico, are being displaced by avocado monocultures due to their high economic value. This change can generate alterations in the type of organic residues produced and soil biological activity (SBA) which is sensitive to climatic variations, changes in floristic composition, and agronomic management. It can be evaluated through soil respiration and macrofauna, both related to soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics. The objective was to: (1) Analyze the variation of SBA as well as the C and N dynamics in modified coffee agroforestry systems; (2) Methods: Three CAFS (renewed, intensive pruning, and with the introduction of avocados) and an avocado plantation were compared. The evaluations were conducted during the period 2017–2019. Soil parameters (respiration, macrofauna, C and N contents) and C content of plant biomass were measured in plots of 25 × 25 m² from three soil depths in triplicate. Spearman’s test and a principal component analysis were performed to determine the structural dependence on C and N dynamics; (3) Results: The introduction of avocado showed the lowest soil respiration values (with 193 g CO₂ ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ at 0–10 cm depth), this system did not display soil macrofauna and increased soil organic carbon content. The soil C/N ratio was sensitive to the introduction of avocado. Correlation between soil respiration and litter-related parameters was positive, but it was negatively correlated with soil organic matter and total soil nitrogen, explaining 67.7% of the variation; (4) Conclusions: Modification of CAFS generated variations in the SBA and soil C and N contents.

Background. The agroforestry systems of organic coffee from the community of Chocamán, Central Veracruz, Mexico, have been established for 29 years; they are small areas with complex terrain topography and scarce information on biophysical aspects, composition and tree structure. Objective. to characterize these systems to have local information, useful for decision making. Methodology. The biophysical environment characterization, classification of coffee plantations and description of agroforestry systems composition and structure was performed. Results. Five terrain forms were defined as: slightly undulating valley, moderately sloping slope, sloping slope, moderately steep slope and steep slope. The main climate is semi-warm from the temperate group with long fresh summer. Coffee plots were classified as traditional and commercial polycultures. Two vertical strata (upper and lower) were distinguished, with a richness of 51 tree and shrub species. Musa acuminata Colla was the species with the highest “importance” value of the lower stratum in all the plots evaluated. In the upper stratum, stood out the species Lippia myriocephala Schltdl. & Cham., Inga vera Willd., Inga spuria H & B. Ex Willd., and Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Wight et Arn. Implications. This study contributes to decision-making by producers of the Catuaí Amarillo S.S.S.Conclusion. Variables obtained can facilitate the selection of species that respond to specific characteristics of the site and the needs of the producer.

La teca es una planta exótica introducida en México por el valor de su madera. El objetivo del estudio fue calcular el carbono almacenado en la biomasa vegetal y suelo para luego determinar la composición lignocelulósica de la madera en plantaciones de teca a los seis años en el estado de Nayarit, México. En tres plantaciones se colectó información dendrométrica y biomasa de 75 árboles, también de mantillo y suelo para determinar sus propiedades. Las diferencias fueron significativas (p≤0.0001) al comparar la plantación de mayor y menor crecimiento en DAP (54 %), altura (51.3 %) y área basal (78.7 %) siendo los suelos de mejor pH (6.2); así como el rendimiento en biomasa aérea (59.4 %), carbono en la teca (60.2 %), mantillo (30.3 %) y suelo (41.9 %) por superficie, sin diferencias en los contenidos lignocelulares. Se recomienda estudiar las raíces y nutrientes del suelo pues condicionan la eficiencia de la teca en torno al cambio climático.