Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is the crucial factor of global acquired respiratory infections. Currently, there are no specific disease modification treatments or vaccines available, and the vaccine development for this pathogen delays behind due to the complexity and variability of its antigens. A novel vaccine designed with wide-spectrum characteristics is crucial to offer comprehensive safeguards against the continuously mutated wild-type strains. Here, a broad-spectrum T-cell epitope vaccine against M. pneumoniae was designed by using a consensus sequence approach. The multi-epitope vaccine incorporated 16 CTLs and 7 HTLs from the HMW1-3 and p1 proteins, which was comprised of 329 amino acids without adjuvant. It was predicted to be soluble and non-allergenic with high population coverage, high antigenicity and immunogenicity. This vaccine was predicted to effectively bind to the toll-like receptors in natural immunity. In addition, simulations created by computers suggested that the vaccine might trigger genuine immune responses in human immune system. To sum up, it could be a candidate vaccine guard against the infection of M. pneumoniae.

Pullulan is a kind of natural polymer, which is widely used in medicine and food because of its solubility, plasticity, edible, non-toxicity and good biocompatibility. It is of great significance to improve the yield of pullulan by genetic modification of microorganisms. It was previously reported that Aureobasidium melanogenum TN3-1 isolated from honey-comb could produce high-yield of pullulan, but the molecular mechanisms of its production of pullulan had not been completely solved. In this study, the reported strains of Aureobasidium spp. were further compared and analyzed at genome level. It was found that genome duplication and genome genetic variations might be the crucial factors for the high yield of pullulan and stress resistance. This particular phenotype may be the result of adaptive evolution, which can adapt to its environment through genetic variation and adaptive selection. In addition, the TN3-1 strain has a large genome, and the special regulatory sequences of its specific genes and promoters may ensure a unique characteristics. This study is a supplement of the previous studies, and provides basic data for the research of microbial genome modification in food and healthcare applications.