Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes to address obesity. Thailand has just launched the new tax rates for SSB in 2017; however, the existing tax rate is not as high as the 20% recommended by the WHO. The objective for this study was to estimate the impacts of an SSB tax on body mass index (BMI) and obesity prevalence in Thailand under three different scenarios based on existing SSB and recommended tax rates.Methods: A base model was built to estimate the impacts of an SSB tax on SSB consumption, energy intake, BMI, and obesity prevalence. Literature review was conducted to estimate pass on rate, price elasticity, energy compensation, and energy balance to weight change. Different tax rates (11%, 20% and 25%) were used in the model. The model assumed no substitution effects, model values were based on international data since there was no empirical Thai data available. Differential effects by income groups were not estimated.Findings: When applying 11%, 20%, and 25% tax rates together with 100% pass on rate and an -1.30 own-price elasticity, the SSB consumption decreased by 14%, 26%, and 32%, respectively. The 20% and 25% price increase in SSB price tended to reduce higher energy intake, weight status and BMI, when compared with an 11% increase in existing price increase of SSB. The percentage changes of obesity prevalence of 11%, 20% and 25% SSB tax rates were estimated to be 1.73%, 3.83%, and 4.91%, respectively.Conclusions: A higher SSB tax (20% and 25%) was estimated to reduce consumption and consequently decrease obesity prevalence. Since Thailand has already endorsed the excise tax structure, the new excise tax structure for SSB should be scaled up to a 20% or 25% tax rate if the SSB consumption change does not meet a favourable goal.

Implementation of effective alcohol control policies is a global priority. However, at the global and national levels, implementing effective policies is still challenging, as it requires commitment from multiple stakeholders. This review provides a synthesis of barriers and facilitators to implementing effective alcohol control policies. We conducted a scoping review from two main databases: Scopus and Web of Science, and the grey literature from the World Health Organization’s website. We included any studies investigating barriers and facilitators to implementing four effective policies: Alcohol pricing and taxation, control of physical availability, alcohol marketing control, and drink-driving policy. Articles published between 2000 and 2021 were included. The search yielded 11,651 articles, which were reduced to 21 after the assessment of eligibility criteria. We found five main barriers: resource constraint; legal loopholes; lack of evidence to support policy implementation, particularly local evidence; low priority of policy implementation among responsible agencies; and insufficient skills of implementers. Facilitators, which were scarce, included establishing monitoring systems and local evidence to support policy implementation and early engagement of implementing agencies and communities. We recommend that national governments pay more attention to potential barriers and facilitators while designing alcohol control regulations and implementing effective policies.

Background: Entrepreneurial leadership is the becoming concept in health, social sciences, business, management, and education that can influence and direct the performance and achievement of either staff or organizations. Unfortunately, entrepreneurial leadership has received limited attention in healthcare fields, especially nursing.Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to explore entrepreneurial leadership and examine its associated factors among undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 nursing students who were recruited using a simple random sampling strategy. The data were collected using an online self-reporting survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: This study’s results revealed that most nursing students generally have entrepreneurial leadership at a high level (Mean=4.04, SD=0.49). The factors significantly associated with entrepreneurial leadership among the undergraduate nursing students were the level of study year class and parental income (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study proposed critical factors influencing entrepreneurial leadership among nursing students and recommends that entrepreneurial characteristics and approaches be utilized to improve all educational aspects among undergraduate nursing students. Nursing students must learn, train, and practice entrepreneurial leadership for the development of professional skills, abilities and initiation of innovation.

Implementing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxation policies presents significant challenges in practice, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where resources and capacity are often limited. Expanding the evidence base and knowledge on policy implementation and responses is crucial to identifying key drivers and barriers, as well as developing effective systems for monitoring and evaluation. This study aimed to identify the research approaches used to assess and analyze SSB tax policy implementation and responses at the national level. A scoping review was conducted, drawing on relevant literature from 5 databases—Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Global Health, and CINAHL—covering publications from 2014 to 2023 inclusive. A total of 24 studies were included in the analysis. Two qualitative studies on policy implementation revealed limitations related to data access, with reliance on publicly available information. The remaining 22 studies, focusing on policy responses, primarily used quantitative methods to evaluate the reactions of industry, retailers, and consumers in terms of price adjustments, purchasing behavior, and consumption patterns. While there is substantial documentation on tax design and structure, enforcement dynamics, stakeholder interactions, and the complexities of policy implementation remain underexplored. This review highlights a critical gap in the research on the multifaceted nature of policy implementation and response. Future studies should prioritize these dynamics and adopt innovative methodologies to enhance the effectiveness of SSB taxation policies and public health interventions in LMICs.

The positive deviance approach assumes that a community’s problems have already been solved. ‘Positive deviants’ succeed despite sharing many of the same constraints as others. Positive deviance, which has its roots in international public health, is increasingly being applied to healthcare, with a various-stage process proposed depending on the setting. However, the quality of current healthcare applications varies, and at each stage of the process, different study designs and methods are used. This paper aims to identify the definition and process of the positive deviance approach and summarize this approach in healthcare and health promotion to promote young adults’ and adolescents’ health. Additionally, examples of interventions based on a positive deviance approach to improve young adults’ and adolescents’ health and recommendations for further studies are also presented.

Objective: Despite growing front-of-pack labelling (FOPL) policy implementation in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), research approaches for evaluating these policies remain poorly characterized, hindering evidence-based policy development and methodological gaps. This study explored research approaches, frameworks, and methods used in assessing FOPL policy implementation and response in LMIC. Design: Systematic search of five databases, including Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Global Health, and CINAHL, for peer-reviewed articles published between 2014–2025. Studies on FOPL policy implementation or response in LMIC were included. Data on study characteristics, methods, and findings were extracted and synthesized. Setting: LMIC. Participants: All populations. Results: Thirty-one studies revealed significant research imbalances. Implementation studies ( n 3) used qualitative approaches with policy theories, while response studies ( n 28) predominantly employed quantitative methods including surveys, experiments, and modeling. Pronounced geographical bias emerged, with 24 studies conducted in Latin America while other LMIC regions remained underrepresented. Common limitations included non-representative sampling, self-reported data, and short timeframes. Mandatory FOPL policies achieved higher compliance than voluntary schemes, though implementation faced challenges including inadequate monitoring, limited resources, and industry resistance. Consumer awareness was generally high but varied significantly across population groups, revealing substantial equity gaps. Conclusions: This review reveals critical gaps in FOPL implementation research in LMIC, with evidence heavily skewed toward consumer responses and geographically concentrated in Latin America. Future research should prioritize implementation science approaches, geographical diversity, and understanding policy processes in resource-constrained settings to develop effective, context-appropriate FOPL policies.