Se determinaron las afectaciones psicológicas, estrategias de afrontamiento y niveles de resiliencia de 677 adultos expuestos al conflicto armado en un municipio colombiano. Los participantes del estudio fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio por afijación proporcional. Se aplicaron el cuestionario de síntomas, prueba de estrés postraumático y escalas de estrategias de afrontamiento y resiliencia. Las principales afectaciones psicológicas encontradas son el sentimiento de que alguien trata de hacerle daño, consumo de alcohol, alteraciones del estado de ánimo y síntomas de estrés postraumático. Las estrategias de afrontamiento más empleadas son la religión y esperar que las cosas se arreglen solas. El nivel de resiliencia es moderado. La percepción de salud es baja y la necesidad de atención es alta.

Se determinaron las afectaciones psicológicas de 284 niños y adolescentes expuestos al conflicto armado en una zona rural colombiana, seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio por afijación proporcional. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron: la Lista de chequeo de comportamiento infantil, el Auto-reporte de comportamientos de jóvenes, la Lista de síntomas postraumáticos, la Escala de estrategias de afrontamiento para adolescentes y la Escala de resiliencia para escolares. El 72% de la población presentó afectaciones psicológicas: el 64.4%, conductas internalizadas, el 47%, conductas externalizadas en rango clínico. El 32%, problemas somáticos; el 56%, se encontraba en riesgo de estrés postraumático, y el 93% consumía alcohol en grado moderado. La estrategia de afrontamiento más utilizada era dejar que las cosas se arreglaran solas. Se encontró una alta necesidad de atención en salud. Ser hombre constituyó un factor de riesgo de depresión, agresión y problemas sociales en los niños. A su vez, tener hasta doce años y estar cursando un grado escolar bajo, lo fue para los síntomas somáticos en adolescentes. Los resultados evidenciaron la afectación en la salud mental de los participantes.

Research regarding university management from the field of marketing has been increasing, as well as the differential strategies designed by universities to attract and retain both students and teachers. One of them is obtaining high-quality accreditations. Its impact on the process and purchasing behavior of educational services is recognized. For this reason, this research aims to relate the three constructs in higher education institutions and compare their behavior both in high-quality accredited universities and in non-accredited ones in order to identify the incidence of accreditation. The research used an analysis of the data by structural equations model and the results showed that both the student’s experience and the perceived value influence reputation. Meantime, the student’s experience influences the perceived value and no differences are evident in the model because of the accreditation in high quality.

University reputation is a decisive factor in the management, positioning, sustainability, competitiveness, differentiation, and success of universities. However, the measurement of university performance is often communicated through international rankings, which are frequently criticized for not considering the student's perception, who is the primary user of the educational service. For this reason, the objective is to analyze how students' experiences and their perceived value of the educational process influence the final reputation of universities in two different contexts: Colombia and Spain. Additionally, the results of these relationships are contrasted with the cultural differences and educational systems of both countries. The methodology used is quantitative by means of the formulation and demonstration of a structural equation model, with 385 surveys collected from undergraduate students in Colombia and 333 from undergraduate students in Spain. The results confirmed that student experience influences both perceived value and reputation, and perceived value influences the reputation of the university, likewise, the student experience has an indirect effect on reputation through perceived value, with consistent findings in both countries.

The aim of this study is to examine how transformational and transactional leaders, boost the employees’ innovative work behaviour, directly or through work engagement, organizational climate for innovation and absorptive capacity in Latin American firms. A non-random sample of 1429 employees was used who had been working at least one year in the current company. The sample, composed of workers from different industries, was collected in postgraduate programs of business schools from seven Latin American countries. A multi-group structural equation model was built with the involved variables, which adopted two different conditions: i.e., unconstrained and constrained questionnaire measurement weights. According to the results, leadership by itself is insufficient to promote employees innovative work behaviour. Transformational and transactional leadership exert effect on this behaviour only through absorptive capacity and work engagement respectively. Likewise, absorptive capacity and employee work engagement show direct effects on innovative work behaviour. Additionally, organizational climate for innovation shows a significant moderating effect on the all relationships included in the model. Despite the cultural differences, the two-condition model yielded the same effect in each country, which indicates the validity of a general model of innovative work behaviour for the whole region supporting the common identity of this region. As a conclusion, leadership practices are needed to encourage innovative work behaviour within the Latin American organizational context, however some individual (engagement) and organizational (absorptive capacity) conditions are also needed to ensure this effect. Implications for human resources management are discussed.