The spatial imbalance between population growth, land use and housing supply is the central issue for regional coordination of urban agglomeration in China. Based on the panel data of 172 cities in 11 urban agglomerations from 2014 to 2017, this study uses the information entropy method and the spatial coupling coordination degree model to evaluate the quantitative interaction and spatial correlations between population growth, land use and housing supply. There are three key findings: (1) the main variation value of indicators has evolved from the quantity of housing supply to the quality of population growth, improving the quality of population growth has been the key factor to break the insufficient balance of indicators; (2) the coupling degree is high but the coordination degree is obviously low, the aggregation level of coupling coordination degree is generally middle, and there is obviously spatial polarization—improving the degree of coordination is the key point to break the inadequate balance of cities; (3) the coupling coordination degree is irregularly distributed in 11 urban agglomerations, the spatial correlation of coupling coordination degree is generally weak, improving the spatial coordination degree of urban agglomeration will contribute to improving the balanced sufficiency level, and the spatial coupling coordination degree is also expected to increase. This study presents a new perspective for exploring spatial coordination between population growth, land use and housing supply, which proposes a new approach to investigate quantitative interaction and spatial correlation of urban agglomeration in China.