The processes of sustainable development, environmental management, and green performance are inseparable from people’s active participation, and organizational citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE) has a significant function in promoting that process. We construct a moderated mediating effect model of green management practice by introducing institutional pressure and green emotion into the formation mechanism of OCBE based on neo-institutionalism theory and the theory of planned behavior. Taking matched employees of cross-regional organizations as a sample, we conducted a longitudinal tracking questionnaire survey. The results show a positive correlation between institutional pressure and OCBE, mediated by green emotion. Additionally, the paper discovered that green management practice moderated the relationships between institutional pressure and OCBE, green emotion and OCBE, and institutional pressure and green emotion. Furthermore, green management practice also moderates the strength of the mediating effect of green emotion between institutional pressure and OCBE. The findings provide some guidance for promoting organizational sustainable development and achieving organizational green transformation.