The aim of this study is to compare two low-temperature sintered anorganic bovine bone materials (ABBMs), Bio-Oss (Geistlich, Wolhusen, Switzerland) and A-Oss (Osstem, Seoul, Korea), for GBR in dehiscence defects. A single implant was placed simultaneously with GBR in the buccal or bucco-proximal osseous defect by double-layering of inner allograft and outer ABBM, covered by a preformed ultrafine titanium mesh and an absorbable collagen membrane. Grafted volume changes were evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography, taken preoperatively (T0), immediately after implant surgery (T1), after re-entry surgery (T2), and after delivery of the final restoration (T3). The density of the regenerated bone was assessed by measuring the probing depth on the buccal mid-center of the mesh after removing the mesh at T2. Postoperative sequelae were also recorded. Grafted volume shrinkage of 46.0% (0.78 ± 0.37 cc) and 40.8% (0.79 ± 0.33 cc) in the Bio-Oss group (8 patients) and A-Oss group (8 patients), respectively, was observed at T3 (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in grafted volume changes according to time periods or bone density between the two groups. Despite postoperative mesh exposure (3 patients), premature removal of these exposed meshes and additional grafting was not necessary, and all implants were functional over the 1-year follow-up period. Both ABBMs with titanium meshes showed no significant difference in the quantity and density of the regenerated bone after GBR for peri-implant defects.

Kim HK, et al. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016 Aug;42(4):209-214. https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2016.42.4.209

Accurate shade matching is essential in restorative and prosthetic dentistry yet remains difficult due to subjectivity in visual assessments. We develop and evaluate a deep learning approach for the simultaneous segmentation of natural teeth and shade guides in intraoral photographs using four fine-tuned variants of Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2: tiny, small, base plus, and large) and a UNet baseline trained under the same protocol. The spatial performance was assessed using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), the Intersection over the Union (IoU), and the 95th-percentile Hausdorff distance normalized by the ground-truth equivalent diameter (HD95). The color consistency within masks was quantified by the coefficient of variation (CV) of the CIELAB components (L*, a*, b*). The perceptual color difference was measured using CIEDE2000 (ΔE00). On a held-out test set, all SAM2 variants achieved a high overlap accuracy; SAM2-large performed best (DSC: 0.987 ± 0.006; IoU: 0.975 ± 0.012; HD95: 1.25 ± 1.80%), followed by SAM2-small (0.987 ± 0.008; 0.974 ± 0.014; 2.96 ± 11.03%), SAM2-base plus (0.985 ± 0.011; 0.971 ± 0.021; 1.71 ± 3.28%), and SAM2-tiny (0.979 ± 0.015; 0.959 ± 0.028; 6.16 ± 11.17%). UNet reached a DSC = 0.972 ± 0.020, an IoU = 0.947 ± 0.035, and an HD95 = 6.54 ± 16.35%. The CV distributions for all of the prediction models closely matched the ground truth (e.g., GT L*: 0.164 ± 0.040; UNet: 0.144 ± 0.028; SAM2-small: 0.164 ± 0.038; SAM2-base plus: 0.162 ± 0.039). The full-mask ΔE00 was low across models, with the summary statistics reported as the median (mean ± SD): UNet: 0.325 (0.487 ± 0.364); SAM2-tiny: 0.162 (0.410 ± 0.665); SAM2-small: 0.078 (0.126 ± 0.166); SAM2-base plus: 0.072 (0.198 ± 0.417); SAM2-large: 0.065 (0.167 ± 0.257). These ΔE00 values lie well below the ≈1 just noticeable difference threshold on average, indicating close chromatic agreement between the predictions and annotations. Within a single dataset and training protocol, fine-tuned SAM2, especially its larger variants, provides robust spatial accuracy, boundary reliability, and color fidelity suitable for clinical shade-matching workflows, while UNet offers a competitive convolutional baseline. These results indicate technical feasibility rather than clinical validation; broader baselines and external, multi-center evaluations are needed to determine its suitability for routine shade-matching workflows.

This study evaluated the effects of multiple mouthwashes on the cellular viability or the morphology of preosteoblasts. Mouse calvarial osteoblast‐like cells were cultured and treated with mouthwashes of (1) benzydamine hydrochloride; (2) cetylpyridinium chloride and benzalkonium chloride; (3) methyl salicylate, menthol, eucalyptol, and thymol; and (4) sodium fluoride, xylitol, and chitosan. The treatment times were 30 seconds, 90 seconds, and 270 seconds. Cell morphology was evaluated with a microscope, and the viability of the treated cells was analyzed quantitatively using a commercially available kit. The untreated control group exhibited well‐stretched fibroblast‐like morphology. Treatment with mouthwash resulted in morphological changes in all groups. Treatment with sodium fluoride resulted in more noticeable changes. Treatment with mouthwash for 30 seconds produced a significant decrease in cell viability. An increase in time to 90 and 270 seconds did not produce additional noticeable changes. To conclude, commercially available mouthwashes created changes in cell morphology and decreased the cell viability of osteoblast‐like cells irrespective of ingredients and treatment time.

Ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization can reset the biological aging of titanium after the preparation and storage of dental implants by transforming hydrophobic titanium surfaces into superhydrophilic surfaces. Blood clot formation around the implant can initialize and promote the healing process at the bone–implant interface. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the capabilities of surface wettability and blood clotting of implants with a conventional sand-blasted and acid-etched surface (SA), a sand-blasted and acid-etched surface with vacuum-UV treatment (SA + VUV), and a sand-blasted and acid-etched surface coated with a pH-buffering agent after vacuum-UV treatment (SA + VUV + BS). Static and dynamic tests for surface wettability and blood clotting were performed in vitro for SA + VUV and SA + VUV + BS (n = 5), while hemostasis resulting from blood clotting was evaluated in vivo for SA, SA +VUV, and SA + VUV + BS (n = 4). A Kruskal–Wallis test showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in all tests, with the exception of in vitro test of static blood clotting. VUV treatment is therefore effective at making an SA surface superhydrophilic as an alternative to routine UV-C radiation. The addition of a pH-buffering agent to SA + VUV also improved surface wettability and blood clotting, which are crucial for successful osseointegration.

Background and Aim: Various patterns of alcohol consumption are associated with trauma and violence. The aim of this study was to assess the association between traumatic dental injuries (TDI) due to violence and different patterns of alcohol consumption in Korean adults.Materials and Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted with representative sample of Korean adults. Among the total participants, 11.8% (6489/58,999) experienced TDI, and 0.9% (520/58,999) experienced TDI due to violence. The associations between various types of alcohol consumption (frequency of drinking, frequency of binge drinking, age of first drinking) and TDI due to violence were assessed using logistic regression analyses. We confirmed differences in the prevalence experience of TDI due to violence with various types of alcohol consumption by confounders (socioeconomic status).Results: All types of drinking (frequency of drinking, frequency of binge drinking, age of first drinking) were strongly associated with TDI due to violence. After adjusting for confounders, those who started drinking at the age of 18 or younger and drank 4 or more days a week (OR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.68–4.88), those who started drinking at the age of 18 or younger and drank 3 days or less a week (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.40–4.02), and those who started drinking at the age of 18 or younger and binge drinking at least once a week (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.79–5.65) had higher prevalence of TDI due to violence compared to those with no alcohol drinking.Conclusions: This study presents evidence of an association between various types of alcohol consumption and TDI due to violence in Korean adults. These findings suggest the necessity for policies aimed at reducing alcohol consumption, frequency of drinking, and access to drinking especially in adolescent to reduce the prevalence experience of TDI due to violence.