Introduction. The water lily (Eichhornia crassipes) is a free-floating hydrophytic plant of the Pontederiaceae family. It is one of the aquatic plants with the best reproduction and growth rate, so it spreads and forms mats that constrict submerged and floating native plants, reduces the entry of light into bodies of water and decreases the dissolved oxygen in the water. Objective. To carry out a comprehensive review of the water lily that allows the scientific community a better understanding of an invasive species, as well as the effects it causes on the ecosystem. Development. The invasive capacity of this plant endangers various ecosystems, as it takes advantage of nutrient-rich waters. In addition, the dense floating colonies cause the oxygen content to drop to zero below its mantle, causing damage to the ecosystems. Conclusions. The water lily is one of the most invasive aquatic plants in the world, causing ecological and socio-economic effects. This plant has been used as a phytoremediator, in the removal of organophosphates, which indicates that it can be used to clean sewage. Furthermore, it can be used in the production of ethanol, paper, compost, biogas, human food, animal fodder, fiber, and in the extraction of volatile fatty acids.

Viruses are an important disease source for beans. In order to evaluate the impact of virus disease on Phaseolus biodiversity, we determined the identity and distribution of viruses infecting wild and domesticated Phaseolus spp. in the Mesoamerican Center of Domestication (MCD) and the western state of Nayarit, Mexico. We used small RNA sequencing and assembly to identify complete or near-complete sequences of forty-seven genomes belonging to nine viral species of five genera, as well as partial sequences of two putative new endornaviruses and five badnavirus- and pararetrovirus-like sequences. The prevalence of viruses in domesticated beans was significantly higher than in wild beans (97% vs. 19%; p < 0.001), and all samples from domesticated beans were positive for at least one virus species. In contrast, no viruses were detected in 80–83% of the samples from wild beans. The Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus were the most prevalent viruses in wild and domesticated beans. Nevertheless, Cowpea mild mottle virus, transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, has the potential to emerge as an important pathogen because it is both seed-borne and a non-persistently transmitted virus. Our results provide insights into the distribution of viruses in cultivated and wild Phaseolus spp. and will be useful for the identification of emerging viruses and the development of strategies for bean viral disease management in a center of diversity.

Las fresas son frutos con una vida de anaquel corta debido a su elevada pérdida de humedad y a la sensibilidad al ataque de microorganismos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de los recubrimientos de quitosano adicionados con el extracto acuoso de hoja de Moringa oleifera en las propiedades fisicoquímicas. El extracto acuoso de hoja de Moringa se obtuvo mediante el método de extracción por ultrasonificación y microondas asistida. Se ensayaron dos formulaciones como recubrimientos y un control. Los parámetros evaluados fueron; pérdida de peso, pH, acidez titulable, sólidos solubles totales, índice de sabor y color (Hue, L* y croma). El método de extracción por ultrasonido y microondas es eficaz para evitar el uso de solventes y reducir el tiempo de extracción. Los recubrimientos aplicados mejoraron el índice de sabor y disminuyeron los valores de acidez titulable (AT) mejorando así, la dulzura de la fresa.

The adult plant resistance conferred by genes with an additive effect is an alternative to achieve durable resistance to leaf rust caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina in wheat (Triticum spp.) The objective of this study was to know the response to this disease in bread wheat genotypes that possess the partial resistance genes Lr34, Lr46, Lr67 and Lr68. The severity level of the disease was measured in 280 wheat genotypes in three locations. The presence or absence of partial resistance genes was determined by molecular markers for each gene in 245 wheat genotypes. The different combinations of adult plant genes resulted in the genotypes were classified into nine groups. In 77 of these genotypes, the markers were negative for these genes. The Lr34, Lr46, Lr67 and Lr68 genes were identified individually in 48, 48, 5, and 14 genotypes, respectively. The combination of two genes, Lr34+Lr46, Lr34+Lr68 and Lr46+Lr68, was determined in 18, 17, and 12 genotypes, respectively. Only in six genotypes the combination Lr34+Lr46+Lr68 was identified. The genotypes with the Lr34, Lr46, Lr67 and Lr68 genes in a unique form showed 21%, 24.8%, 21.9% and 21.8% of rust severity on average, respectively. An additive effect was observed in the combinations of two genes, and higher effect in the combinations that included the Lr34 gene since genotypes with this gene combination showed on average 11.4% of rust severity. The combination of three genes Lr34+Lr46+Lr68 provide greater protection in the genotypes with 9.7% of rust severity on average.

Anthracnose, which is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc. (C. gloeosporioides), is the main disease that affects soursop fruits and causes accelerated deterioration due to the rotting process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based coatings with essential oils on the physiological, antifungal, and shelf-life properties of soursop. Chitosan-based coatings were combined with essential oils of cinnamon and thyme and applied to soursop. The parameters evaluated were respiration and ethylene by gas chromatography, shelf life, weight loss, total soluble solids, color, maturity index, and titratable acidity. The chitosan obtained had a molecular weight of 169 kDa and an 83% degree of deacetylation; respiration and ethylene values showed significant reductions of 47 and 50% with coatings. Weight loss was reduced by up to 50%, even on inoculated fruits, and shelf life increased by two days. Chitosan-based coatings with essential oils are an appropriate alternative to improve the quality of soursop and decrease the effect of C. gloeosporioides.

ISHS VIII International Strawberry Symposium Advances in strawberry breeding in Mexico: genotypes selection with high productivity, good fruit quality, and tolerance to the local viral complex and Fusarium oxysporum