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Dr. Maria Luisa Grilli
Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 19 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Aquaponics systems and technologies are growing primary industries in many countries, with high environmental and socio-economic advantages. Aquaponics is a closed-loop system that produces aquatic animals and plants in a new way using recirculated water and nutrients. With a growing world population expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, food production sustainability is a primary issue in today’s world agenda, and aquaponics and aquaculture systems can be potential contributors to the challenge. Observing the climate changes and global warming’s impact on the ecosystem, decreasing aqua animal stocks, and responding to increasing demand are turning points in the sustainability era. In the past 15 years, fish production has doubled, thus denoting that aquaponics transforms into commercial scales with a revolutionized production, high efficiency, and fewer resources’ utilization, thus requiring proper operation and management standards and practices. Therefore, this study aims to shape a new framework for sustainable aquaponics modeling and utilization as the all-in-one solution platform covering technical, managerial, socio-economic, institutional, and environmental measures within the suitability requirements. The proposed model in this study offers a systematic approach to the design and implementation of sustainability-efficient aquaponics and aquaculture systems. Through an exhaustive coverage of the topic, this research effort can be counted as a practical reference for researchers, scholars, experts, practitioners, and students in the context of aquaponics and aquaculture studies.

ACS Style

Mir Sayed Shah Danish; Tomonobu Senjyu; Najib Rahman Sabory; Mahdi Khosravy; Maria Luisa Grilli; Alexey Mikhaylov; Hemayatullah Majidi. A Forefront Framework for Sustainable Aquaponics Modeling and Design. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9313 .

AMA Style

Mir Sayed Shah Danish, Tomonobu Senjyu, Najib Rahman Sabory, Mahdi Khosravy, Maria Luisa Grilli, Alexey Mikhaylov, Hemayatullah Majidi. A Forefront Framework for Sustainable Aquaponics Modeling and Design. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9313.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mir Sayed Shah Danish; Tomonobu Senjyu; Najib Rahman Sabory; Mahdi Khosravy; Maria Luisa Grilli; Alexey Mikhaylov; Hemayatullah Majidi. 2021. "A Forefront Framework for Sustainable Aquaponics Modeling and Design." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9313.

Review
Published: 18 July 2021 in Metals
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High specific strength characteristics make magnesium alloys widely demanded in many industrial applications such as aviation, astronautics, military, automotive, bio-medicine, energy, etc. However, the high chemical reactivity of magnesium alloys significantly limits their applicability in aggressive environments. Therefore, the development of effective technologies for corrosion protection is an urgent task to ensure the use of magnesium-containing structures in various fields of application. The present paper is aimed to provide a short review of recent achievements in corrosion protection of magnesium alloys, both surface treatments and coatings, with particular focus on Mg-Al-Mn-Ce, Mg-Al-Zn-Mn and Mg-Zn-Zr alloys, because of their wide application in the transport industry. Recent progress was made during the last decade in the development of protective coatings (metals, ceramics, organic/polymer, both single layers and multilayer systems) fabricated by different deposition techniques such as anodization, physical vapour deposition, laser processes and plasma electrolytic oxidation.

ACS Style

Pavel Predko; Dragan Rajnovic; Maria Grilli; Bogdan Postolnyi; Vjaceslavs Zemcenkovs; Gints Rijkuris; Eleonora Pole; MarkS Lisnanskis. Promising Methods for Corrosion Protection of Magnesium Alloys in the Case of Mg-Al, Mg-Mn-Ce and Mg-Zn-Zr: A Recent Progress Review. Metals 2021, 11, 1133 .

AMA Style

Pavel Predko, Dragan Rajnovic, Maria Grilli, Bogdan Postolnyi, Vjaceslavs Zemcenkovs, Gints Rijkuris, Eleonora Pole, MarkS Lisnanskis. Promising Methods for Corrosion Protection of Magnesium Alloys in the Case of Mg-Al, Mg-Mn-Ce and Mg-Zn-Zr: A Recent Progress Review. Metals. 2021; 11 (7):1133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pavel Predko; Dragan Rajnovic; Maria Grilli; Bogdan Postolnyi; Vjaceslavs Zemcenkovs; Gints Rijkuris; Eleonora Pole; MarkS Lisnanskis. 2021. "Promising Methods for Corrosion Protection of Magnesium Alloys in the Case of Mg-Al, Mg-Mn-Ce and Mg-Zn-Zr: A Recent Progress Review." Metals 11, no. 7: 1133.

Editorial
Published: 07 April 2021 in Materials
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This editorial reports on a thorough analysis of the abundance and scarcity distribution of chemical elements and the minerals they form in the Earth, Sun, and Universe in connection with their number of neutrons and binding energy per nucleon. On one hand, understanding the elements’ formation and their specific properties related to their electronic and nucleonic structure may lead to understanding whether future solutions to replace certain elements or materials for specific technical applications are realistic. On the other hand, finding solutions to the critical availability of some of these elements is an urgent need. Even the analysis of the availability of scarce minerals from European Union sources leads to the suggestion that a wide-ranging approach is essential. These two fundamental assumptions represent also the logical approach that led the European Commission to ask for a multi-disciplinary effort from the scientific community to tackle the challenge of Critical Raw Materials. This editorial is also the story of one of the first fulcrum around which a wide network of material scientists gathered thanks to the support of the funding organization for research and innovation networks, COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

ACS Style

Mihaela Girtan; Antje Wittenberg; Maria Grilli; Daniel de Oliveira; Chiara Giosuè; Maria Ruello. The Critical Raw Materials Issue between Scarcity, Supply Risk, and Unique Properties. Materials 2021, 14, 1826 .

AMA Style

Mihaela Girtan, Antje Wittenberg, Maria Grilli, Daniel de Oliveira, Chiara Giosuè, Maria Ruello. The Critical Raw Materials Issue between Scarcity, Supply Risk, and Unique Properties. Materials. 2021; 14 (8):1826.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mihaela Girtan; Antje Wittenberg; Maria Grilli; Daniel de Oliveira; Chiara Giosuè; Maria Ruello. 2021. "The Critical Raw Materials Issue between Scarcity, Supply Risk, and Unique Properties." Materials 14, no. 8: 1826.

Review
Published: 28 March 2021 in Materials
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Several applications, where extreme conditions occur, require the use of alloys often containing many critical elements. Due to the ever increasing prices of critical raw materials (CRMs) linked to their high supply risk, and because of their fundamental and large utilization in high tech products and applications, it is extremely important to find viable solutions to save CRMs usage. Apart from increasing processes’ efficiency, substitution, and recycling, one of the alternatives to preserve an alloy and increase its operating lifetime, thus saving the CRMs needed for its manufacturing, is to protect it by a suitable coating or a surface treatment. This review presents the most recent trends in coatings for application in high temperature alloys for aerospace engines. CRMs’ current and future saving scenarios in the alloys and coatings for the aerospace engine are also discussed. The overarching aim of this paper is to raise awareness on the CRMs issue related to the alloys and coating for aerospace, suggesting some mitigation measures without having the ambition nor to give a complete overview of the topic nor a turnkey solution.

ACS Style

Maria Grilli; Daniele Valerini; Anca Slobozeanu; Bogdan Postolnyi; Sebastian Balos; Antonella Rizzo; Radu Piticescu. Critical Raw Materials Saving by Protective Coatings under Extreme Conditions: A Review of Last Trends in Alloys and Coatings for Aerospace Engine Applications. Materials 2021, 14, 1656 .

AMA Style

Maria Grilli, Daniele Valerini, Anca Slobozeanu, Bogdan Postolnyi, Sebastian Balos, Antonella Rizzo, Radu Piticescu. Critical Raw Materials Saving by Protective Coatings under Extreme Conditions: A Review of Last Trends in Alloys and Coatings for Aerospace Engine Applications. Materials. 2021; 14 (7):1656.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Grilli; Daniele Valerini; Anca Slobozeanu; Bogdan Postolnyi; Sebastian Balos; Antonella Rizzo; Radu Piticescu. 2021. "Critical Raw Materials Saving by Protective Coatings under Extreme Conditions: A Review of Last Trends in Alloys and Coatings for Aerospace Engine Applications." Materials 14, no. 7: 1656.

Review
Published: 14 February 2021 in Materials
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The term “critical raw materials” (CRMs) refers to various metals and nonmetals that are crucial to Europe’s economic progress. Modern technologies enabling effective use and recyclability of CRMs are in critical demand for the EU industries. The use of CRMs, especially in the fields of biomedicine, aerospace, electric vehicles, and energy applications, is almost irreplaceable. Additive manufacturing (also referred to as 3D printing) is one of the key enabling technologies in the field of manufacturing which underpins the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 3D printing not only suppresses waste but also provides an efficient buy-to-fly ratio and possesses the potential to entirely change supply and distribution chains, significantly reducing costs and revolutionizing all logistics. This review provides comprehensive new insights into CRM-containing materials processed by modern additive manufacturing techniques and outlines the potential for increasing the efficiency of CRMs utilization and reducing the dependence on CRMs through wider industrial incorporation of AM and specifics of powder bed AM methods making them prime candidates for such developments.

ACS Style

Vladimir Popov; Maria Grilli; Andrey Koptyug; Lucyna Jaworska; Alexander Katz-Demyanetz; Damjan Klobčar; Sebastian Balos; Bogdan O. Postolnyi; Saurav Goel. Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Using Critical Raw Materials: A Review. Materials 2021, 14, 909 .

AMA Style

Vladimir Popov, Maria Grilli, Andrey Koptyug, Lucyna Jaworska, Alexander Katz-Demyanetz, Damjan Klobčar, Sebastian Balos, Bogdan O. Postolnyi, Saurav Goel. Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Using Critical Raw Materials: A Review. Materials. 2021; 14 (4):909.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vladimir Popov; Maria Grilli; Andrey Koptyug; Lucyna Jaworska; Alexander Katz-Demyanetz; Damjan Klobčar; Sebastian Balos; Bogdan O. Postolnyi; Saurav Goel. 2021. "Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Using Critical Raw Materials: A Review." Materials 14, no. 4: 909.

Research article
Published: 07 January 2021 in ACS Applied Nano Materials
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There is a growing interest toward graphene and 2D materials for their exceptional geometrical, optical, and electronic features, which make them unique for photonic and optoelectronic applications. Achieving extraordinarily high absorption by the electric field enhancement on a single atomic plane is a challenging goal for physics and for many of the abovementioned uses. We demonstrate here experimentally for the first time a great enhancement absorption on a large (1 in.) optical device based on single-layer chemical vapor deposition graphene (SLG) by exploiting the electric field inside an asymmetric Fabry–Perot resonator fabricated by radio frequency sputtering. In such a filter, graphene absorption of 84% peaked at 3150 nm is obtained, in very good agreement with COMSOL Multiphysics calculations. Absorption intensity and bandwidth are modeled as a function of the incident angle of the electromagnetic radiation, and the optical constants of SLG are obtained as a function of Fermi energy. The Raman spectrum measured on the SLG in the Fabry–Perot cavity proves the effectiveness of the fabrication method in preserving graphene’s physical properties. Our results disclose exciting potentialities for building visible and infrared optical light-absorbing devices based on 2D materials.

ACS Style

Abedin Nematpour; Nicola Lisi; Laura Lancellotti; Rosa Chierchia; Maria Luisa Grilli. Experimental Mid-Infrared Absorption (84%) of Single-Layer Graphene in a Reflective Asymmetric Fabry–Perot Filter: Implications for Photodetectors. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2021, 4, 1495 -1502.

AMA Style

Abedin Nematpour, Nicola Lisi, Laura Lancellotti, Rosa Chierchia, Maria Luisa Grilli. Experimental Mid-Infrared Absorption (84%) of Single-Layer Graphene in a Reflective Asymmetric Fabry–Perot Filter: Implications for Photodetectors. ACS Applied Nano Materials. 2021; 4 (2):1495-1502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abedin Nematpour; Nicola Lisi; Laura Lancellotti; Rosa Chierchia; Maria Luisa Grilli. 2021. "Experimental Mid-Infrared Absorption (84%) of Single-Layer Graphene in a Reflective Asymmetric Fabry–Perot Filter: Implications for Photodetectors." ACS Applied Nano Materials 4, no. 2: 1495-1502.

Review
Published: 29 November 2020 in Metals
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Energy is the fundamental requirement of all physical, chemical, and biological processes which are utilized for better living standards. The toll that the process of development takes on the environment and economic activity is evident from the arising concerns about sustaining the industrialization that has happened in the last centuries. The increase in carbon footprint and the large-scale pollution caused by industrialization has led researchers to think of new ways to sustain the developmental activities, whilst simultaneously minimizing the harming effects on the enviroment. Therefore, decarbonization strategies have become an important factor in industrial expansion, along with the invention of new catalytic methods for carrying out non-thermal reactions, energy storage methods and environmental remediation through the removal or breakdown of harmful chemicals released during manufacturing processes. The present article discusses the structural features and photocatalytic applications of a variety of metal oxide-based materials. Moreover, the practical applicability of these materials is also discussed, as well as the transition of production to an industrial scale. Consequently, this study deals with a concise framework to link metal oxide application options within energy, environmental and economic sustainability, exploring the footprint analysis as well.

ACS Style

Mir Sayed Shah Danish; Arnab Bhattacharya; Diana Stepanova; Alexey Mikhaylov; Maria Luisa Grilli; Mahdi Khosravy; Tomonobu Senjyu. A Systematic Review of Metal Oxide Applications for Energy and Environmental Sustainability. Metals 2020, 10, 1604 .

AMA Style

Mir Sayed Shah Danish, Arnab Bhattacharya, Diana Stepanova, Alexey Mikhaylov, Maria Luisa Grilli, Mahdi Khosravy, Tomonobu Senjyu. A Systematic Review of Metal Oxide Applications for Energy and Environmental Sustainability. Metals. 2020; 10 (12):1604.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mir Sayed Shah Danish; Arnab Bhattacharya; Diana Stepanova; Alexey Mikhaylov; Maria Luisa Grilli; Mahdi Khosravy; Tomonobu Senjyu. 2020. "A Systematic Review of Metal Oxide Applications for Energy and Environmental Sustainability." Metals 10, no. 12: 1604.

Editorial
Published: 19 June 2020 in Metals
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Oxide materials in bulk and thin film form, and metal oxide nanostructures exhibit a great variety of functional properties which make them ideal for applications in solar cells, gas sensors, optoelectronic devices, passive optics, catalysis, corrosion protection, environmental protection, etc.

ACS Style

Maria Luisa Grilli. Metal Oxides. Metals 2020, 10, 820 .

AMA Style

Maria Luisa Grilli. Metal Oxides. Metals. 2020; 10 (6):820.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Luisa Grilli. 2020. "Metal Oxides." Metals 10, no. 6: 820.

Journal article
Published: 05 June 2020 in Metals
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Cycling high temperature CO2 capture using CaO–based solid sorbents, known as the calcium looping (CaL) process, is gaining considerable scientific and industrial interest due to the high theoretical sorbent capacity (0.78 gCO2/gCaO), the low specific cost, and the negligible environmental impact of the employed materials. In this work, we investigated the self–combustion synthesis of CaO–CaZrO3 sorbents with different CaO contents (40, 60, and 80 wt%) for use in the CaL process. CaZrO3 was used as a spacer to avoid CaO grains sintering at high temperature and to reduce the diffusional resistances of CO2 migrating towards the inner grains of the synthetic sorbent. Samples were characterized by X–ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The reaction between CO2 and CaO (i.e., carbonation) was carried out in 20 vol% CO2 at 650 °C and calcination (i.e., decomposition of CaCO3 to CaO and CO2) at 900 °C in pure Ar or with 85 vol% CO2 using a thermogravimetric analyzer (thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA)). The most stable sorbent was with 40 wt% of CaO showing a CO2 uptake of up to 0.31 g CO2/gsorbent and 0.26 g CO2/gsorbent operating under mild and severe conditions, respectively. The experimental data corroborated the prediction of the shrinking core spherical model in the first phase of the carbonation. A maximum reaction rate of 0.12–0.13 min−1 was evaluated in the first cycle under mild and severe conditions of regeneration.

ACS Style

Igor Luisetto; Maria Rita Mancini; Livia Della Seta; Rosa Chierchia; Giuseppina Vanga; Maria Luisa Grilli; Stefano Stendardo. CaO–CaZrO3 Mixed Oxides Prepared by Auto–Combustion for High Temperature CO2 Capture: The Effect of CaO Content on Cycle Stability. Metals 2020, 10, 750 .

AMA Style

Igor Luisetto, Maria Rita Mancini, Livia Della Seta, Rosa Chierchia, Giuseppina Vanga, Maria Luisa Grilli, Stefano Stendardo. CaO–CaZrO3 Mixed Oxides Prepared by Auto–Combustion for High Temperature CO2 Capture: The Effect of CaO Content on Cycle Stability. Metals. 2020; 10 (6):750.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Igor Luisetto; Maria Rita Mancini; Livia Della Seta; Rosa Chierchia; Giuseppina Vanga; Maria Luisa Grilli; Stefano Stendardo. 2020. "CaO–CaZrO3 Mixed Oxides Prepared by Auto–Combustion for High Temperature CO2 Capture: The Effect of CaO Content on Cycle Stability." Metals 10, no. 6: 750.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2020 in Metals
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Monazite is one of the most valuable natural resources for rare earth oxides (REOs) used as dopants with high added value in ceramic materials for extreme environments applications. The complexity of the separation process in individual REOs, due to their similar electronic configuration and physical–chemical properties, is reflected in products with high price and high environmental footprint. During last years, there was an increasing interest for using different mixtures of REOs as dopants for high temperature ceramics, in particular for ZrO2-based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used in aeronautics and energy co-generation. The use of mixed REOs may increase the working temperature of the TBCs due to the formation of tetragonal and cubic solid solutions with higher melting temperatures, avoiding grain size coarsening due to interface segregation, enhancing its ionic conductivity and sinterability. The thermal stability of the coatings may be further improved by using rare earth zirconates with perovskite or pyrochlore structures having no phase transitions before melting. Within this research framework, firstly we present a review analysis about results reported in the literature so far about the use of ZrO2 ceramics doped with mixed REOs for high temperature applications. Then, preliminary results about TBCs fabricated by electron beam evaporation starting from mixed REOs simulating the real composition as occurring in monazite source minerals are reported. This novel recipe for ZrO2-based TBCs, if optimized, may lead to better materials with lower costs and lower environmental impact, as a result of the elimination of REOs extraction and separation in individual lanthanides. Preliminary results on the compositional, microstructure, morphological, and thermal properties of the tested materials are reported.

ACS Style

Adrian Mihail Motoc; Sorina Valsan; Anca Elena Slobozeanu; Mircea Corban; Daniele Valerini; Mythili Prakasam; Mihail Botan; Valentin Dragut; Bogdan St. Vasile; Adrian Vasile Surdu; Roxana Trusca; Maria Luisa Grilli; Robert Radu Piticescu. Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of New Materials Based on Zirconia Doped with Mixed Rare Earth Oxides: Review and First Experimental Results. Metals 2020, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Adrian Mihail Motoc, Sorina Valsan, Anca Elena Slobozeanu, Mircea Corban, Daniele Valerini, Mythili Prakasam, Mihail Botan, Valentin Dragut, Bogdan St. Vasile, Adrian Vasile Surdu, Roxana Trusca, Maria Luisa Grilli, Robert Radu Piticescu. Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of New Materials Based on Zirconia Doped with Mixed Rare Earth Oxides: Review and First Experimental Results. Metals. 2020; 10 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrian Mihail Motoc; Sorina Valsan; Anca Elena Slobozeanu; Mircea Corban; Daniele Valerini; Mythili Prakasam; Mihail Botan; Valentin Dragut; Bogdan St. Vasile; Adrian Vasile Surdu; Roxana Trusca; Maria Luisa Grilli; Robert Radu Piticescu. 2020. "Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of New Materials Based on Zirconia Doped with Mixed Rare Earth Oxides: Review and First Experimental Results." Metals 10, no. 6: 1.

Review
Published: 04 May 2020 in Metals
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This study aims to examine the studies regarding In doped ZnO published in the Web of Science database. A total of 777 articles were reached (31 March 2020). The articles were downloaded for the bibliometric analysis and collected in a file. The file was uploaded to VOSViewer programme in order to reveal the most used keywords, words in the abstracts, citation analyses, co-citation and co-authorship and countries analyses of the articles. The results showed that the most used keywords were “ZnO”, “photoluminescence”, “optical properties”, “thin films” and “doping”. These results indicate that the articles mostly focus on some characteristics of In doped ZnO thin films such as structural, optical and electrical features. When the distribution of the number of articles using the keywords by year was searched, it was found that recent articles focus mainly on synthesis of In doped ZnO film via chemical routes such as sol-gel and hydrothermal syntheses, and on ZnO-based device applications such as solar cells and gas sensors. The most used keywords were also found to be films, X-ray, glass substrate, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), spectra and layer. These results indicate that the studies mostly focus on In doped ZnO thin films as transparent conductive oxide (TCO) material used in device applications like solar cells. In this context, it was found that structural, topographical, optical, electrical and magnetic properties of In doped ZnO films were characterized in terms of defected structure or defect type, substrate temperature, film thickness and In doping content. When the distribution of these words is shown on a year-by-year basis, it is evident that more recent articles tend to focus both on efficiency and performance of In doped ZnO films as TCO in solar cells, diodes and photoluminescence applications both on nanostructures, such as nanoparticles, and nanorods for gas sensor applications. The results also indicated that Maldonado and Asomoza were the most cited authors in this field. In addition, Major, Minami and Ozgur were the most cited (co-citation) authors in this field. The most cited journals were found to be Thin Solid Films, Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics and Journal of Applied Physics and, more recently, Energy, Ceramics International, Applied Physics-A, Optik, Material Research Express, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces and Optical Materials. The most co-cited journals were Applied Physics Letters, Thin Solid Films, Journal of Applied Physics, Physical Review B, and Applied Surface Science. Lastly, the countries with the highest number of documents were China, India, South Korea, USA and Japan. Consequently, it is suggested that future research needs to focus more on synthesis and characterization with different growth techniques which make In doped ZnO suitable for device applications, such as solar cells and diodes. In this context, this study may provide valuable information to researchers for future studies on the topic.

ACS Style

Mehmet Yilmaz; Maria Luisa Grilli; Guven Turgut. A Bibliometric Analysis of the Publications on In Doped ZnO to be a Guide for Future Studies. Metals 2020, 10, 598 .

AMA Style

Mehmet Yilmaz, Maria Luisa Grilli, Guven Turgut. A Bibliometric Analysis of the Publications on In Doped ZnO to be a Guide for Future Studies. Metals. 2020; 10 (5):598.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehmet Yilmaz; Maria Luisa Grilli; Guven Turgut. 2020. "A Bibliometric Analysis of the Publications on In Doped ZnO to be a Guide for Future Studies." Metals 10, no. 5: 598.

Review
Published: 04 April 2020 in Metals
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This review deals with the notable results obtained by the synergy between ionic liquids (ILs) and WO3 in the field of pollutant gas sensing and sulfur removal pretreatment of fuels. Starting from the known characteristics of tungsten trioxide as catalytic material, many authors have proposed the use of ionic liquids in order to both direct WO3 production towards controllable nanostructures (nanorods, nanospheres, etc.) and to modify the metal oxide structure (incorporating ILs) in order to increase the gas adsorption ability and, thus, the catalytic efficiency. Moreover, ionic liquids are able to highly disperse WO3 in composites, thus enhancing the contact surface and the catalytic ability of WO3 in both hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of liquid fuels. In particular, the use of ILs in composite synthesis can direct the hydrogenation process (HDS) towards sulfur compounds rather than towards olefins, thus preserving the octane number of the fuel while highly reducing the sulfur content and, thus, the possibility of air pollution with sulfur oxides. A similar performance enhancement was obtained in ODS, where the high dispersion of WO3 (due to the use of ILs during the synthesis) allows for noteworthy results at very low temperatures (50 °C).

ACS Style

Francesca D’Anna; Maria Luisa Grilli; Rita Petrucci; Marta Feroci. WO3 and Ionic Liquids: A Synergic Pair for Pollutant Gas Sensing and Desulfurization. Metals 2020, 10, 475 .

AMA Style

Francesca D’Anna, Maria Luisa Grilli, Rita Petrucci, Marta Feroci. WO3 and Ionic Liquids: A Synergic Pair for Pollutant Gas Sensing and Desulfurization. Metals. 2020; 10 (4):475.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca D’Anna; Maria Luisa Grilli; Rita Petrucci; Marta Feroci. 2020. "WO3 and Ionic Liquids: A Synergic Pair for Pollutant Gas Sensing and Desulfurization." Metals 10, no. 4: 475.

Review
Published: 18 March 2020 in Materials
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A variety of cutting tool materials are used for the contact mode mechanical machining of components under extreme conditions of stress, temperature and/or corrosion, including operations such as drilling, milling turning and so on. These demanding conditions impose a seriously high strain rate (an order of magnitude higher than forming), and this limits the useful life of cutting tools, especially single-point cutting tools. Tungsten carbide is the most popularly used cutting tool material, and unfortunately its main ingredients of W and Co are at high risk in terms of material supply and are listed among critical raw materials (CRMs) for EU, for which sustainable use should be addressed. This paper highlights the evolution and the trend of use of CRMs) in cutting tools for mechanical machining through a timely review. The focus of this review and its motivation was driven by the four following themes: (i) the discussion of newly emerging hybrid machining processes offering performance enhancements and longevity in terms of tool life (laser and cryogenic incorporation); (ii) the development and synthesis of new CRM substitutes to minimise the use of tungsten; (iii) the improvement of the recycling of worn tools; and (iv) the accelerated use of modelling and simulation to design long-lasting tools in the Industry-4.0 framework, circular economy and cyber secure manufacturing. It may be noted that the scope of this paper is not to represent a completely exhaustive document concerning cutting tools for mechanical processing, but to raise awareness and pave the way for innovative thinking on the use of critical materials in mechanical processing tools with the aim of developing smart, timely control strategies and mitigation measures to suppress the use of CRMs.

ACS Style

Antonella Rizzo; Saurav Goel; Maria Luisa Grilli; Roberto Iglesias; Lucyna Jaworska; Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis; Pavel Novak; Bogdan O. Postolnyi; Daniele Valerini. The Critical Raw Materials in Cutting Tools for Machining Applications: A Review. Materials 2020, 13, 1377 .

AMA Style

Antonella Rizzo, Saurav Goel, Maria Luisa Grilli, Roberto Iglesias, Lucyna Jaworska, Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis, Pavel Novak, Bogdan O. Postolnyi, Daniele Valerini. The Critical Raw Materials in Cutting Tools for Machining Applications: A Review. Materials. 2020; 13 (6):1377.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonella Rizzo; Saurav Goel; Maria Luisa Grilli; Roberto Iglesias; Lucyna Jaworska; Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis; Pavel Novak; Bogdan O. Postolnyi; Daniele Valerini. 2020. "The Critical Raw Materials in Cutting Tools for Machining Applications: A Review." Materials 13, no. 6: 1377.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 25 July 2019 in Nanotechnology
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Graphene has recently emerged as a promising candidate for a wide range of photonic and optoelectronic applications, with a high application potential in devices using infrared radiation. The optical absorption of 2D materials and graphene can be uniquely enhanced when they are embedded in optical resonant cavities, since optically-thin atomic-thickness absorbers do not perturb the cavity itself. Despite the many theoretical studies, experimental validation is still lagging behind. Here, large NIR absorption of unpatterned CVD graphene is experimentally demonstrated for the first time in a large area (1 inch) passive optical device by exploiting the enhancement of the electric field at the center of a Fabry-Perot cavity. Test devices were fabricated with single layer, double layer and five layers graphene, sandwiched between two almost symmetric Bragg mirrors deposited by radio frequency sputtering and consisting of alternate layers of Si and SiO2. A thin evaporated MgF2 overlayer was used to reduce sputtering induced damage on graphene layers. Measured absorption values, in the range of 37-45 %, were found in very good accordance with simulated ones. A maximum absorption of 45% was measured at 2345 nm for the double-layer graphene.

ACS Style

Abedin Nematpour; Nicola Lisi; Angela Piegari; Laura Lancellotti; Guohang Hu; Maria Luisa Grilli. Experimental near infrared absorption enhancement of graphene layers in an optical resonant cavity. Nanotechnology 2019, 30, 445201 .

AMA Style

Abedin Nematpour, Nicola Lisi, Angela Piegari, Laura Lancellotti, Guohang Hu, Maria Luisa Grilli. Experimental near infrared absorption enhancement of graphene layers in an optical resonant cavity. Nanotechnology. 2019; 30 (44):445201.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abedin Nematpour; Nicola Lisi; Angela Piegari; Laura Lancellotti; Guohang Hu; Maria Luisa Grilli. 2019. "Experimental near infrared absorption enhancement of graphene layers in an optical resonant cavity." Nanotechnology 30, no. 44: 445201.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2019 in Metals
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Besides a wide application in corrosion protection, wear resistance increase, providing thermal properties and power conversion, oxide coatings have found an alternative application in welding technology as catalysts of the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process. In this paper, the novel approach of fabricating a coating containing nanoparticles based on nanosized SiO2 and TiO2 and their mixtures was applied to the austenitic stainless-steel base metal. It was found that coatings increased depths of penetration, enabling a consumable-free welding. Using this method, the use of several critical and near-critical raw materials (e.g., Si and Cr), as well as the relatively expensive Ni can be completely avoided. The most effective coating in terms of weld penetration consisted of a mixture of nanoparticles, rather than unary oxide coatings based on nanoparticles. A model for liquid weld metal flow is proposed based on the metallographic examination of recrystallized grains and microhardnesses measured near the weld metal, supporting the reversed Marangoni convection theory.

ACS Style

Sebastian Balos; Miroslav Dramicanin; Petar Janjatovic; Ivan Zabunov; Damjan Klobcar; Matija Busic; Maria Luisa Grilli. Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Coating as a Catalyzer for A-TIG Welding: Critical Raw Material Perspective. Metals 2019, 9, 567 .

AMA Style

Sebastian Balos, Miroslav Dramicanin, Petar Janjatovic, Ivan Zabunov, Damjan Klobcar, Matija Busic, Maria Luisa Grilli. Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Coating as a Catalyzer for A-TIG Welding: Critical Raw Material Perspective. Metals. 2019; 9 (5):567.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sebastian Balos; Miroslav Dramicanin; Petar Janjatovic; Ivan Zabunov; Damjan Klobcar; Matija Busic; Maria Luisa Grilli. 2019. "Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Coating as a Catalyzer for A-TIG Welding: Critical Raw Material Perspective." Metals 9, no. 5: 567.

Journal article
Published: 03 January 2019 in physica status solidi (a)
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Maria Luisa Grilli; Richard Vernhes; Guohang Hu; Ilaria Di Sarcina; Theodoros Dikonimos; Anna Sytchkova; Ludvik Martinu; Hongbo He; Angela Piegari. Characteristics of Ultrathin Ni Films. physica status solidi (a) 2019, 216, 1 .

AMA Style

Maria Luisa Grilli, Richard Vernhes, Guohang Hu, Ilaria Di Sarcina, Theodoros Dikonimos, Anna Sytchkova, Ludvik Martinu, Hongbo He, Angela Piegari. Characteristics of Ultrathin Ni Films. physica status solidi (a). 2019; 216 (7):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Luisa Grilli; Richard Vernhes; Guohang Hu; Ilaria Di Sarcina; Theodoros Dikonimos; Anna Sytchkova; Ludvik Martinu; Hongbo He; Angela Piegari. 2019. "Characteristics of Ultrathin Ni Films." physica status solidi (a) 216, no. 7: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Ceramics International
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In this study, TiO2 thin films were fabricated by radio frequency sputtering at room temperature in pure Ar atmosphere starting from 6 in. TiO2 targets. The thickness of the films was controlled by deposition time and the effect of Ar sputtering pressure on the characteristics of TiO2 thin films was evaluated. Surface morphology and optical properties of TiO2 films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Also, the refractive index and extinction coefficient of films were inferred by fitting spectrophotometric data. Schottky diode were fabricated by evaporation of Ni on TiO2 films. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements of Ni/TiO2 films showed that the rectifying properties of the device improves with the increasing of TiO2 film density and thickness. Therefore, the best I-V characteristic of the device was investigated depending on the temperature. Also, Ni/n-TiO2/p-Si/Al devices were fabricated to understand their transport mechanism.

ACS Style

Maria Luisa Grilli; Mehmet Yilmaz; Sakir Aydogan; Burcu Bozkurt Cirak. Room temperature deposition of XRD-amorphous TiO2 thin films: Investigation of device performance as a function of temperature. Ceramics International 2018, 44, 11582 -11590.

AMA Style

Maria Luisa Grilli, Mehmet Yilmaz, Sakir Aydogan, Burcu Bozkurt Cirak. Room temperature deposition of XRD-amorphous TiO2 thin films: Investigation of device performance as a function of temperature. Ceramics International. 2018; 44 (10):11582-11590.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Luisa Grilli; Mehmet Yilmaz; Sakir Aydogan; Burcu Bozkurt Cirak. 2018. "Room temperature deposition of XRD-amorphous TiO2 thin films: Investigation of device performance as a function of temperature." Ceramics International 44, no. 10: 11582-11590.

Conference paper
Published: 23 March 2018 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Surface functionalisation and protection have been used since a long time for improving specific properties of materials such as lubrication, water repellence, brightness, and for increasing durability of objects and tools. Among the different kinds of surface treatments used to achieve the required properties, the use of coatings is fundamental to guarantee substrate durability in harsh environments. Extreme working conditions of temperature, pressure, irradiation, wear and corrosion occur in several applications, thus very often requiring bulk material protection by means of coatings. In this study, three main classes of coatings used in extreme conditions are considered: i) hard and superhard coatings for application in machining tools, ii) coatings for high temperatures (thermal barrier coatings), and iii) coatings against corrosion. The presence of critical elements in such coatings (Cr, Y, W, Co, etc.) is analysed and the possibility to use CRMs-free substitutes is reviewed. The role of multilayers and nanocomposites in tailoring coating performances is also discussed for thermal barrier and superhard coatings.

ACS Style

Maria Luisa Grilli; Daniele Valerini; Radu Robert Piticescu; Tiziano Bellezze; Mehmet Yilmaz; Antonio Rinaldi; Santiago Cuesta-López; Antonella Rizzo. Possible alternatives to critical elements in coatings for extreme applications. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 329, 012005 .

AMA Style

Maria Luisa Grilli, Daniele Valerini, Radu Robert Piticescu, Tiziano Bellezze, Mehmet Yilmaz, Antonio Rinaldi, Santiago Cuesta-López, Antonella Rizzo. Possible alternatives to critical elements in coatings for extreme applications. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 329 (1):012005.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Luisa Grilli; Daniele Valerini; Radu Robert Piticescu; Tiziano Bellezze; Mehmet Yilmaz; Antonio Rinaldi; Santiago Cuesta-López; Antonella Rizzo. 2018. "Possible alternatives to critical elements in coatings for extreme applications." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 329, no. 1: 012005.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Superlattices and Microstructures
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Mehmet Yilmaz; Burcu Bozkurt Çırak; Sakir Aydogan; Maria Luisa Grilli; Mehmet Biber. Facile electrochemical-assisted synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes and their role in Schottky barrier diode applications. Superlattices and Microstructures 2018, 113, 310 -318.

AMA Style

Mehmet Yilmaz, Burcu Bozkurt Çırak, Sakir Aydogan, Maria Luisa Grilli, Mehmet Biber. Facile electrochemical-assisted synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes and their role in Schottky barrier diode applications. Superlattices and Microstructures. 2018; 113 ():310-318.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehmet Yilmaz; Burcu Bozkurt Çırak; Sakir Aydogan; Maria Luisa Grilli; Mehmet Biber. 2018. "Facile electrochemical-assisted synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes and their role in Schottky barrier diode applications." Superlattices and Microstructures 113, no. : 310-318.

Conference paper
Published: 20 November 2017 in International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2012
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Francesca Menchini; Salvatore Scaglione; Anna Sytchkova; Danilo Zola; Leticia P. Cuevas; Angela Piegari; Ilaria Di Sarcina; Maria Luisa Grilli. Narrow-band filters for the lightning imager. International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2012 2017, 45 .

AMA Style

Francesca Menchini, Salvatore Scaglione, Anna Sytchkova, Danilo Zola, Leticia P. Cuevas, Angela Piegari, Ilaria Di Sarcina, Maria Luisa Grilli. Narrow-band filters for the lightning imager. International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2012. 2017; ():45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Menchini; Salvatore Scaglione; Anna Sytchkova; Danilo Zola; Leticia P. Cuevas; Angela Piegari; Ilaria Di Sarcina; Maria Luisa Grilli. 2017. "Narrow-band filters for the lightning imager." International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2012 , no. : 45.