Coal mine safety may be able to be ensured via the real-time identification of cracks in rock and coal surfaces. Traditional crack identification methods have the disadvantages of slow speed and low precision. This work suggests an improved You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) detection model. In this study, we improved YOLOv5 from the perspective of three aspects: a Ghost module was introduced into the backbone network to lighten the model; a coordinate attention mechanism was added; and ECIOU_Loss is proposed as a loss function in this paper to achieve the co-optimization of crack detection speed and accuracy and to meet the deployment requirements in the embedded terminal. The results demonstrate that the improved YOLOv5 has a 92.8% mean average precision (mAP) with an 8 MB model size, and the speed of recognition was 103 frames per second. Compared to the original method, there was a 53.4% reduction in the number of parameters, a detection speed that was 1.9 times faster, and a 1.7% improvement in the mAP. The improved YOLOv5 can effectively locate cracks in real time and offers a new technique for the early warning of coal and rock dynamic hazards.

Ionic surfactants are widely used in coal dust control in mines, and their adsorption characteristics on the coal surface have a great influence on the coal dust control effect. In this investigation, anionic sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and cationic octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (STAC) were selected to explore the adsorption characteristics of ionic surfactants on the surface of anthracite. The experimental results show that the adsorption rate and efficiency of STAC on the surface of anthracite are higher than that of SDBS; STAC can form a denser surfactant layer on the surface of anthracite, with a larger adsorption capacity and higher strength. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the adsorption between STAC and the surface of anthracite is tighter, and the distribution at the coal–water interface is more uniform; the surface of anthracite modified by STAC has a stronger binding ability to water molecules.