Depth ambiguity is one of the main challenges of three-dimensional (3D) human pose estimation (HPE). The recent strategies of disambiguating have brought significant progress and remarkable breakthroughs in the field of 3D human pose estimation (3D HPE). This survey extensively reviews the causes and solutions of the depth ambiguity. The solutions are systematically classified into four categories: camera parameter constraints, temporal consistency constraints, kinematic constraints, and image cues constraints. This paper summarizes the performance comparison, challenges, main frameworks, and evaluation metrics, and discusses some promising future research directions.

The application of feedback devices for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can effectively enhance the quality of life-saving treatment during CPR. This article is a narrative review that selects literature on feedback devices used in chest compression and provides a comprehensive review and analysis of the development and current research status of feedback devices used in CPR. The development status of visual–auditory feedback devices used in chest compression at home and abroad and the advantages and disadvantages of existing feedback devices are the main points of discussion. Based on existing devices and technologies, this article explores the difficulties and deficiencies of current feedback device development. Finally, we propose the future development direction of CPR feedback equipment combined with physiological information data-monitoring devices.

Aiming at the problems of the low evaluation efficiency of the existing traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training mode and the considerable development of machine vision technology, a quality evaluation algorithm for chest compressions (CCs) based on the OpenPose human pose estimation (HPE) model is proposed. Firstly, five evaluation criteria are proposed based on major international CPR guidelines along with our experimental study on elbow straightness. Then, the OpenPose network is applied to obtain the coordinates of the key points of the human skeleton. The algorithm subsequently calculates the geometric angles and displacement of the selected joint key points using the detected coordinates. Finally, it determines whether the compression posture is standard, and it calculates the depth, frequency, position and chest rebound, which are the critical evaluation metrics of CCs. Experimental results show that the average accuracy of network behavior detection reaches 94.85%, and detection speed reaches 25 fps.

With the progress in science and technology, hazardous chemicals are becoming more essential in chemical products, industrial and agricultural production, and daily life. Hazardous chemicals have poisoning, corrosive, explosive, and combusting natures; once on fire, they can trigger a chain of catastrophic incidences, resulting in casualties, property loss, and environmental pollution and posing hazards to life and property. Using the “8–12” explosion of the Ruihai Logistics warehouse in Tianjin Port (Binhai New District, China), the present study analyzes the characteristics of trauma of the casualties in this accident and the emergency medical rescue strategies. The goals were to improve the ability of emergency rescue in such accidents and to save people’s lives and property to the maximum extent.

At emergency sites, bacteria in the environment can cause secondary wound infections. Timely treatment of infected wounds can improve the prognosis. In this study, we designed a closed-loop system for real-time wound infection monitoring and electronically controlled drug release, enabling rapid and stable deployment at disaster sites. Multilayer screen-printed electrodes were developed to detect uric acid (UA), pH, and temperature biomarkers. The electrode’s outermost layer was shielded by a zwitterionic conductive hydrogel (Gel) to prevent environmental interference and achieve systematic antibacterial protection through in situ reduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on its surface. For rapid and efficient drug delivery, amikacin (Ami) loaded cationic liposomes (Lipo) embedded in the zwitterionic conductive hydrogel (Gel-Lipo@Ami) were integrated as the core therapeutic carrier. This closed-loop system provides timely infection detection and enables in situ treatment during emergency rescues.

Introduction: CPR is crucial for the management of cardiac arrest. However, the impacts of certain individualized factors, such as different ethnicities, body weights, and medical histories, on the efficacy of CPR remain unclear. This meta-analysis clarifies the associations between three individualized factors and the outcomes of CPR, aiming to optimize resuscitation strategies. Methods: We systematically searched eight databases—PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, VIP, Wan Fang, and CNKI—for studies that explored the associations between ethnicity, past medical history, body mass index (BMI), and CPR outcomes. Separate meta-analyses were then conducted for each of these three individualized factors. Results: Eleven studies evaluated ethnicity, nine assessed medical history, and eight analyzed BMI. White patients exhibited significantly higher survival rates than Black patients (OR = 1.36, 95% CI [1.22–1.50], p < 0.00001). Compared to patients with a medical history, patients without a medical history have a higher survival rate (OR = 0.51, 95% CI [0.37–0.70], p < 0.0001). Compared to standard weight groups (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m ² ), underweight individuals (BMI < 18.5 kg/m ² ) had lower survival (OR = 0.64, 95%CI[0.51–0.80], p = 0.0001) and poorer neurological outcomes in underweight individuals (BMI < 18.5 kg/m ² ) (OR = 0.72, 95%CI[0.55–0.94], p = 0.01). No significant differences were observed in overweight/obese versus normal-weight patients. Discussion: This study demonstrates that ethnicity differences, pre-existing comorbidities, and low BMI can affect survival rates after CPR. These results are of great significance for clinical practice, suggesting that it is necessary to reduce inequalities in the distribution of medical resources in response to racial differences, optimize disease management for patients with comorbidities, and incorporate underweight status into high-risk assessment. Future research should further explore the underlying mechanisms and expand to more regions, so as to provide evidence for the construction of a personalized resuscitation medicine system and the formulation of guidelines. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42025558162 , identifier PROSPERO (CRD42025558162).