Human activity in the technical education sector, particularly practical activities such as workshop work, is stressful and tiring, with existence of risk and hazard. Previous studies have been conducted to assess postural risk factor using score decision during their practical work in workshop. Hence, this study adopts a Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaires (CMDQ) as a solution tool aims for students involve in practical activity. Respondent (n = 5) are consisting of students attend welding practice throughout the semester. The respondent was given a detailed CMDQ questionnaire for student to measure the level of discomfort while doing their practical task. Frequency of occurrence, discomfort, and working capability, will be combined to create total CMDQ scores. Additional of individual interviews were utilized to quantify pain emotions and explore the frequency of discomfort. The finding shows that respondents are having the pain sensation after their practical work. This indicates that the student version of CMDQ is a feasible tool to assess ergonomic postural risk during practical laboratory work.

In oil and gas production, crude oil is an important ingredient in the manufacture industry. The sludge from the oil is semi-solid waste and classified as a low-level waste that consists of a mixture of oil, sediment and, water containing radioactive element (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM); and high hydrocarbon concentration. It is categorized and considered as hazardous waste that required careful handling and treatment before disposal. Vitrification process was carried out in this study to immobilize the sludge containing radioactive waste. The objectives in this study is to optimize waste loading and to evaluate the glass waste formed after vitrification process. It is found that 20 wt% of oil sludge at 1200°C is the best optimize waste loading in the experiment because the glass waste formed are completely homogeneous phase.