In the last 20 years many mining projects around the world have applied a tailings deposition technology named “dry stacking of filtered tailings” at tailings storage facilities (TSFs). This technique produces an unsaturated cake that allows storing this material without the need to manage large slurry tailings ponds. The application of this technology has accomplished: (i) an increase in tailings water recovery, (ii) a reduction of the TSF footprint (impacted areas), and (iii) a decrease in the risk of physical instability, being TSFs self-supporting structures under compaction (such as dry stacks), and (iv) a better regulator and community perception satisfying the need of stable TSFs. This paper presents the main features, benefits, and advances in filtered tailings technology applied in Chile and Peru with emphasis on: (i) filtering technology evolution over the last decade: description of main equipment, advantages, and disadvantages, (ii) design considerations for main TSF geometrical configurations, tailings transport and placement systems, TSF water management, TSF operational and emergency plans, and TSF progressive closure, (iii) operation experiences at site-specific conditions, (iv) technology acceptance in regulatory frameworks, (v) lessons learned and advances, and (vi) new trends and future developments, considering technical, environmental, regulatory frameworks and cost-effective manners.

Climate change has a significant impact on river flows, leading to overflows and floods that affect populations, especially in Andean regions. This study examines flood scenarios in the Cunas River Basin (Junín, Peru) through hydrological and hydraulic simulations under various climate projections. A Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) approach was employed using CMIP6 climate models. In this analysis, precipitation data were processed, basin parameters were calculated, and peak flows and the extent of flood-prone areas were estimated. HEC-HMS software was used to simulate peak flows corresponding to return periods of 25, 50, 100, 139, and 200 years, while HEC-RAS was employed to determine flood zones. Model calibration and validation relied on historical precipitation data from nearby stations. The results indicate a considerable increase in peak flows and flood-prone areas due to climate change. A 3.32% increase in peak flow, a 55.35% expansion in flood-prone areas, and a 34.12% rise in flood depth are observed. These findings highlight the importance of implementing riverine protection structures. This study provides key information for flood risk management in the Peruvian highlands, using widely accepted tools to understand the hydrological response to climate change.

The Peruvian coast covers more than 3000 km along the Pacific Ocean, being one of the richest seas in terms of biodiversity, productivity, fishing, and renewable energy potential. Marine renewable energy (MRE) in both offshore and coastal environments of Peru is, currently, a huge reserve of practically unused renewable energy, with inexhaustible potential. In this context, renewable energies from hydroelectric, biomass, wind, and solar sources have been applied in the country, but geothermal, waves, tidal currents, and tidal range sources are currently underdeveloped. This article presents the enormous source of sustainable blue energy for generating electrical energy that exists in Peru from waves and tidal resource potential. In addition, this article presents the main opportunities, gaps, and key issues for the implementation of marine renewable energy (MRE), with emphasis on: (i) showing the available potential in the northern, central, and southern Pacific Ocean territories of Peru, (ii) characterizing the marine energy best available technologies to implement, (iii) the environmental and socio-economic impacts of marine renewable energy, and (iv) discussion of challenges, opportunities, and future directions for developments in the marine energy sector. Finally, the article concludes that the greatest possibilities for exploiting the abundant marine renewable energy (MRE) resource in Peru are large spaces in both offshore and coastal environments on the Pacific Ocean that can be considered for harvesting energy. These issues will depend strongly on the implementation of regulations and policies for the strategic use for planning of marine resources, encouraging research and development (R&D) for creating sustainable innovations, incentives for project finance mechanisms, and developing specialized local human capital, considering the sustainability of livelihoods of coastal communities and ecosystems.

En el presente trabajo, se hizo una revisión sobre el estado actual de la evaluación del impacto climático en la disponibilidad de las aguas superficiales en Sudamérica. Se hizo una revisión de 72 artículos científicos arbitrados e indizados durante el periodo 2010 al 2019 de 10 países: Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, y Venezuela. Se revisaron artículos científicos en español, inglés y portugués. Se obtuvo que las variables relacionadas con el tema fueron 28, de las cuales 7 fueron las principales: cambio climático, lluvia, vulnerabilidad, variabilidad climática, modelamiento hidrológico, regulación de las aguas, y desarrollo rural. Se observó que existe un aumento en el número de artículos científicos realizados en los últimos cinco años, lo que refleja interés de los países de Sudamérica ante la presencia del cambio climático y su impacto en la disponibilidad de las aguas superficiales. Colombia y Brasil, presentaron el mayor número de artículos científicos. Se ha desarrollado investigaciones en cuencas hidrográficas de Sudamérica, y se ha simulado su comportamiento, a través del uso de modelos matemáticos. En la zona alta de las cuencas se investigó las aguas superficiales para uso agrícola, y en la ciudad para el consumo de la población. Generalmente es en épocas de escasez del recurso hídrico que se realiza la planificación. Se debe incluir las características de cada cuenca, los comportamientos y costumbres del poblador de la cuenca alta, así como a todos los usuarios involucrados en el uso del recurso hídrico. Es importante que los gobiernos de los países de Sudamérica sigan promoviendo la investigación científica en esta temática. Palabra claves: cuenca – lluvia – recurso hídrico – temperatura – vulnerabilidad

The research proposal analyzed different structural, road and sanitary construction projects, using existing files, with which the time prediction method with equations of motion was evaluated to analyze its application to construction projects in Peru. Projects with delays were chosen and their prediction efficiency was evaluated. The evaluation was carried out through a velocity and acceleration analysis, considering the project life cycle in four stages. The velocity, acceleration, average velocity and position of each stage were calculated using mathematical equations. The final result was an efficiency index of the prediction method. The proposed research offers a degree of efficiency, in the alternative of a prediction method for Peruvian construction projects, saving time and resources with an easy application, to infrastructure projects, roads and sanitation, in turn it can be applied in different places with similar characteristics.

This research analyzes flow stability at a rustic intake with a side weir in the Carapongo Channel, located in the middle basin of the Rímac River in Peru. The study focused on determining the Vedernikov number and performing hydraulic modeling using HEC–RAS in both lined and unlined channel reaches, considering different cross-sectional geometries and two flow scenarios: 0.45 m³/s and 1.0 m³/s. The results show that, when the weir is not considered, the water flow behavior does not exhibit instability at the rustic intake. The unlined rectangular section shows instability, whereas the trapezoidal configuration improves hydraulic behavior, thereby reducing the risk to the structure. The findings demonstrate that evaluating dimensionless flow stability parameters and numerical modeling are valuable tools for diagnosing and effectively managing channels.