Litter mass loss and nutrient release are key links in the material cycling and energy flowing in ecosystems and of special ecological significance in maintaining ecosystem stability, improving soil structure, and promoting vegetation restoration in the arid and semi-arid regions. Furthermore, litter mass loss could be affected by the change in precipitation patterns. However, currently, most studies on the response of litter mass loss to precipitation pattern change focus on the precipitation amount much more than the precipitation frequency. Therefore, we conducted a 3-year manipulative research in a desert steppe to assess the effects of decreasing precipitation amount and increasing precipitation interval on the litter mass loss of Stipa klemenzii and their relationships with litter chemical traits [contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), lignin and ash, C/N ratio, and lignin/N ratio] and abiotic factors (light intensity and temperature and humidity of soil and air). The results showed that (1) both treatments have negative effects on litter mass loss; (2) for abiotic factors, both treatments affected only soil moisture; for biotic factors, both treatments decreased the litter lignin contents; the increased precipitation interval treatment decreased the litter N and K contents, but increased the litter C/N ratio and lignin/N ratio; (3) the main control of litter mass loss was due to our manipulation of drought regime and its effects on the soil decomposition environment, rather than to other factors such as litter quality or light intensity; (4) compared to decreased precipitation amount, increased precipitation interval has more impact on litter mass loss, and this was caused by the increased litter C/N ratio in increased precipitation interval treatment. We speculated that increased precipitation interval was a harsher abiotic factor for the decomposer, and more research on this should be conducted in the future.

Soil nutrient buildup is a key process in nutrient-poor arid and semiarid regions. However, our knowledge of the factors that control soil nutrient buildup in these systems is still limited. An experiment was set up and carried out for five and a half years in order to investigate how precipitation and other site factors control soil nutrient buildup. Topsoil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) derived from litter (soil nutrient buildup) were tracked twice a year at two sites differing in terms of climate and soils (Urat: arid and Naiman: semiarid, both in Inner Mongolia). Precipitation was manipulated at both sites to include seven precipitation levels: three reduced levels (−20, −40, and −60% with respect to the background), background (control), and three enhanced levels (+20, +40, and +60% with respect to the background). The dynamic buildup (i.e., amount of nutrients released among consecutive samplings) for all nutrients was controlled by precipitation (nonlinearly), site effects (lower buildup at the site dominated by aeolian pedogenesis), and seasonality (higher under warm conditions). However, the considered nutrients differed in the factor that most determined their buildup. Through studying the concurrent dynamics of litter decomposition and soil nutrient buildup, we can foresee that changes in precipitation and land degradation are most likely to affect the soil nutrient pools in these ecosystems.