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In this study, the influencing factors and sources of historical changes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediment core of Fuxian Lake were analyzed. Before 1970, the Σ16PAH concentration fluctuated widely, with one or more maximum values. During 1971–2004, the Σ16PAH concentration showed a slow growth trend, while during 2005–2017, the concentration increased sharply, reaching a peak value of 821 ng g−1. dw in 2017. The results of a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model demonstrated that before 1970, PAHs were mainly derived from biomass burning in the Fuxian Lake sediment core, with an overall contribution of 40 %. During 1971–2004, the source of PAHs was mainly coal combustion, with an overall contribution of 34 %. During 2005–2017, PAHs primarily originated from traffic, with an overall contribution of 33 %. Population, coal, GDP, motor, and petroleum had a significant influence on low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs in 1980–2004 and 2005–2017. Motor, coal, population, and GDP had a greater impact on high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs. Before 1970 and in 1971–2004, meteorological factors had little effect on PAHs in the sediment core in Fuxian Lake. During 2005–2017, day and rainfall were significantly negatively correlated with HMW PAHs, while temperature and wind were not correlated with PAH concentrations. During 2005–2017, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) had greater adsorption effects on HMW PAHs than on LMW PAHs. Before 1970 and in 1971–2004, the adsorption effects of TOC and TN on 3–4-ring PAHs were greater than those of 2-ring and 5–6-ring PAHs. Total phosphorus (TP) had no adsorption effect on PAHs in the entire sedimentary column.
Xiaohua Ma; HongBin Wan; Zhilong Zhao; Yi Li; ShuaiDong Li; Changchun Huang; Tao Huang; Zhigang Zhang; Hao Yang. Source analysis and influencing factors of historical changes in PAHs in the sediment core of Fuxian Lake, China. Environmental Pollution 2021, 288, 117935 .
AMA StyleXiaohua Ma, HongBin Wan, Zhilong Zhao, Yi Li, ShuaiDong Li, Changchun Huang, Tao Huang, Zhigang Zhang, Hao Yang. Source analysis and influencing factors of historical changes in PAHs in the sediment core of Fuxian Lake, China. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 288 ():117935.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaohua Ma; HongBin Wan; Zhilong Zhao; Yi Li; ShuaiDong Li; Changchun Huang; Tao Huang; Zhigang Zhang; Hao Yang. 2021. "Source analysis and influencing factors of historical changes in PAHs in the sediment core of Fuxian Lake, China." Environmental Pollution 288, no. : 117935.
Changchun Huang; Lingfeng Lu; Yi Li; Yao He; Nana Shang; Yixin Bai; Heyu Yu; Tao Huang; A-Xing Zhu; Hao Yang; Kan Zhao; Yanhong Yu. Correction to “Anthropogenic-Driven Alterations in Black Carbon Sequestration and the Structure in a Deep Plateau Lake”. Environmental Science & Technology 2021, 55, 10188 -10188.
AMA StyleChangchun Huang, Lingfeng Lu, Yi Li, Yao He, Nana Shang, Yixin Bai, Heyu Yu, Tao Huang, A-Xing Zhu, Hao Yang, Kan Zhao, Yanhong Yu. Correction to “Anthropogenic-Driven Alterations in Black Carbon Sequestration and the Structure in a Deep Plateau Lake”. Environmental Science & Technology. 2021; 55 (14):10188-10188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChangchun Huang; Lingfeng Lu; Yi Li; Yao He; Nana Shang; Yixin Bai; Heyu Yu; Tao Huang; A-Xing Zhu; Hao Yang; Kan Zhao; Yanhong Yu. 2021. "Correction to “Anthropogenic-Driven Alterations in Black Carbon Sequestration and the Structure in a Deep Plateau Lake”." Environmental Science & Technology 55, no. 14: 10188-10188.
The sources of particulate organic carbon (POC) determine its conversion, thereby playing an important role in the carbon cycle of lakes. Accurate estimation of the sources and dynamic characteristics of POC is important for understanding the migration and transformation of organic carbon. However, the synchronous observation of POC sources with large areas through remote sensing is still challenging because of the complex composition of POC and the optical conditions of inland lakes. In this study, a three-band (1/ Rrs (689)–1/ Rrs (717)) × Rrs (697)) empirical algorithm of POC sources was constructed based on remote sensing reflectance (Rrs(λ)) and the proportion of endogenous POC estimated from the field-measured stable isotope (δ13CPOC) values. The validation and calibration results of the three-band algorithm showed robust performance, with MAPE and RMSE of estimated values and measured values of 10% and 0.07, respectively. The three-band algorithm had good simulation results for the Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI), Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), and Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) spectra. The POC sources estimated by the three-band algorithm suggest that the endogenous POC of Taihu Lake in August showed a decreasing trend from 2006 to 2019. The variation in terrestrial POC was slow and stable for both annual and monthly variations. The analysis of POC sources with total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), water temperature, and wind speed indicated that terrestrial POC was closely related to wind speed (r = 0.33, P < 0.001), while endogenous POC was significantly associated with TP (r = 0.6, P < 0.001), TN (r = 0.56, P < 0.001), and water temperature (r = 0.49, P < 0.001). The use of remote sensing algorithms to evaluate POC from different sources is convenient and effective; furthermore, it helps to better understand the carbon cycle in lacustrine ecosystems.
Zhilong Zhao; Changchun Huang; Lize Meng; Lingfeng Lu; Yongfang Wu; Rong Fan; ShuaiDong Li; Zhengwei Sui; Tao Huang; Chulong Huang; Hao Yang; Limin Zhang. Eutrophication and lakes dynamic conditions control the endogenous and terrestrial POC observed by remote sensing: Modeling and application. Ecological Indicators 2021, 129, 107907 .
AMA StyleZhilong Zhao, Changchun Huang, Lize Meng, Lingfeng Lu, Yongfang Wu, Rong Fan, ShuaiDong Li, Zhengwei Sui, Tao Huang, Chulong Huang, Hao Yang, Limin Zhang. Eutrophication and lakes dynamic conditions control the endogenous and terrestrial POC observed by remote sensing: Modeling and application. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 129 ():107907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhilong Zhao; Changchun Huang; Lize Meng; Lingfeng Lu; Yongfang Wu; Rong Fan; ShuaiDong Li; Zhengwei Sui; Tao Huang; Chulong Huang; Hao Yang; Limin Zhang. 2021. "Eutrophication and lakes dynamic conditions control the endogenous and terrestrial POC observed by remote sensing: Modeling and application." Ecological Indicators 129, no. : 107907.
The total amount and morphology of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments have important environmental significance. The study of the ecological risk assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments is important to understand the environmental quality of water body in the basin. In this study, taking the Futunxi Basin of Fujian Province as an example, the single factor index and bioavailability coefficient method were used to evaluate the ecological risk of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments, and reveal the spatial change and environmental significance of the nitrogen and phosphorus forms. The results showed that different morphological components of the bio-available nitrogen were distributed as organic sulfide bound nitrogen (SOEF-N) > iron-manganese oxidized nitrogen (SAEF-N) > weak acid leached nitrogen (WAEF-N) > ion exchange nitrogen (IEF-N). The inorganic phosphorus included the highest proportion of metal oxide bound phosphorus (NaOH-P), followed by calcium bound phosphorus (HCl-P). The proportion of reduced phosphorus (BD-P) was even lower, and the proportion of weakly adsorbed phosphorus (NH4Cl-P) was the lowest. The results of single factor pollution index showed that the sediment nitrogen in the study area mainly caused moderate pollution and phosphorus mainly caused light pollution. By contrast, the results of the bioavailability index method indicated that nitrogen mainly caused light pollution, and phosphorus mainly caused clean pollution in sediments. Combined with the characteristics of social economy and environment in the study area, it can be inferred that the bioavailability index method based on comprehensive evaluation of total amount and morphology can better characterize the spatial change and ecological risk of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments.
Hongmeng Ye; Changchun Huang; Xuyin Yuan; Hong Wang; Tao Huang; Hao Yang. Morphological characteristics and ecological risk assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments of Futunxi watershed in Fujian province. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2021, 193, 1 -14.
AMA StyleHongmeng Ye, Changchun Huang, Xuyin Yuan, Hong Wang, Tao Huang, Hao Yang. Morphological characteristics and ecological risk assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments of Futunxi watershed in Fujian province. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2021; 193 (6):1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongmeng Ye; Changchun Huang; Xuyin Yuan; Hong Wang; Tao Huang; Hao Yang. 2021. "Morphological characteristics and ecological risk assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments of Futunxi watershed in Fujian province." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 193, no. 6: 1-14.
The continuous flux of organic carbon (OC) from terrestrial ecosystems into inland water is an important component of the global carbon cycle. The buried OC pool in inland water sediments is considerable, and black carbon (BC) is a significant contributor to this OC pool because of the continuous growth in BC emissions. Therefore, determining the effect of BC on total OC burial and variations in the structure of BC during the burial process will contribute significantly to our understanding of lacustrine carbon cycling. This study investigated BC burial and its structural variations in response to anthropogenic drivers using four dated sedimentary cores from a deep plateau lake in China. The BC burial rate rose from 0.96 ± 0.64 g·m–2·y–1 (mean of sedimentary cores pre-1960s) to 4.83 ± 1.25 g·m–2·y–1 (after 2000), which is a 5.48 ± 2.12-fold rise. The increase of char was similar to those of BC. The growth rate of soot was 7.20 ± 4.30 times, which is higher than that of BC and char, increasing from 0.12 ± 0.08 to 0.64 ± 0.23 g·m–2·y–1. There was a decreasing trend in the ratio of char and soot at a mean rate of 62.8 ± 6.46% (excluding core 3) in relation to increased fossil fuel consumption. The contribution of BC to OC burial showed a significant increasing trend from the past to the present, particularly in cores 3 and 4, and the mean contribution of the four cores was 11.78 ± 2.84%. Source tracer results from positive matrix factorization confirmed that the substantial use of fossil fuels has promoted BC burial and altered the BC structure. This has resulted in BC with a higher aromatic content in the lake sediment, which exhibits reduced reactivity and increased stability. The strong correlation between BC and allochthonous total OC indicates that the input pathways of the buried BC in this plateau lake sediment were terrestrial surface processes and not atmospheric deposition.
Changchun Huang; Lingfeng Lu; Yi Li; Yao He; Nana Shang; Yixin Bai; Heyu Yu; Tao Huang; A-Xing Zhu; Hao Yang; Kan Zhao; Yanhong Yu. Anthropogenic-Driven Alterations in Black Carbon Sequestration and the Structure in a Deep Plateau Lake. Environmental Science & Technology 2021, 55, 6467 -6475.
AMA StyleChangchun Huang, Lingfeng Lu, Yi Li, Yao He, Nana Shang, Yixin Bai, Heyu Yu, Tao Huang, A-Xing Zhu, Hao Yang, Kan Zhao, Yanhong Yu. Anthropogenic-Driven Alterations in Black Carbon Sequestration and the Structure in a Deep Plateau Lake. Environmental Science & Technology. 2021; 55 (9):6467-6475.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChangchun Huang; Lingfeng Lu; Yi Li; Yao He; Nana Shang; Yixin Bai; Heyu Yu; Tao Huang; A-Xing Zhu; Hao Yang; Kan Zhao; Yanhong Yu. 2021. "Anthropogenic-Driven Alterations in Black Carbon Sequestration and the Structure in a Deep Plateau Lake." Environmental Science & Technology 55, no. 9: 6467-6475.
Particulate organic carbon (POC) sources, which regulate dissolved organic carbon, sediment organic carbon, and inorganic carbon via deposition, degradation, and mineralization, play an important role in lake ecosystems. Linear or Bayesian algorithms on isotope and n-alkanes have been widely used to identify the source proportion of organic carbon. However, the applicability of these methods is ambiguous because of the unilateral advantages of each model and trace factors. To test the applicability of the various methods for identifying POC sources, we analyzed dual isotopes and n-alkanes in surface water samples of Lake Taihu, and Multi-source mixing model and Bayesian mixing model were used to distinguish between endogenous and exogenous contributions. Carbon isotope presented a clear advantage in West Taihu (-21.85 ± 0.78‰) and Southwest Taih (-22.61 ± 1.35‰); nitrogen isotope also showed high values in Meiliang Bay (9.76 ± 0.92‰). The majority of the lake was dominated by short-chain n-alkanes, except for East Taihu Lake (dominated by medium-chain n-alkanes) and areas with riverine input (dominated by long-chain n-alkanes). Different principles between the Bayesian mixing model (based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm) and the Multi-source mixing model (based on linear estimation) caused discrepancies in the estimations of source contributions. But the fraction of chemical compounds during the migration process, and the overlap of potential sources play important role in the inconsistency of results. The estimations from the different models were consistent in indicating the dominance of endogenous organic carbon in Lake Taihu (mean of 60.18 ± 20.26%), particularly in the north and western regions (West Taihu, Meiliang Bay, and Southwest Taihu). This was likely due to algal aggregation influenced by human activities and climatic factors.
Lize Meng; Zhilong Zhao; Lingfeng Lu; Juan Zhou; Duan Luo; Rong Fan; ShuaiDong Li; Quanliang Jiang; Tao Huang; Hao Yang; Changchun Huang. Source identification of particulate organic carbon using stable isotopes and n-alkanes: modeling and application. Water Research 2021, 197, 117083 .
AMA StyleLize Meng, Zhilong Zhao, Lingfeng Lu, Juan Zhou, Duan Luo, Rong Fan, ShuaiDong Li, Quanliang Jiang, Tao Huang, Hao Yang, Changchun Huang. Source identification of particulate organic carbon using stable isotopes and n-alkanes: modeling and application. Water Research. 2021; 197 ():117083.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLize Meng; Zhilong Zhao; Lingfeng Lu; Juan Zhou; Duan Luo; Rong Fan; ShuaiDong Li; Quanliang Jiang; Tao Huang; Hao Yang; Changchun Huang. 2021. "Source identification of particulate organic carbon using stable isotopes and n-alkanes: modeling and application." Water Research 197, no. : 117083.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sediment pore water plays a key role in lake water quality, complexation of the contaminants, biogeochemical cycles, and even climate. To better understand the vertical dynamics and characteristics of DOM among pore water profiles, we investigated concentrations, chemical structures, and benthic fluxes of DOM in plateau lake sediments via stoichiometric analysis, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption, three-dimensional fluorescence matrix spectroscopy (EEMs), and parallel factor model (PARAFAC). The results revealed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC), concurrent with chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and fluorescent DOM (FDOM), tended to accumulate in the anaerobic deeper layers. These trends also demonstrated a good agreement with the ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentration, implying that the pathway of DOM dynamics was closely related to the redox state. The EEMs-PARAFAC model revealed that DOM in pore water mostly consisted of two terrestrial humic-like components (average contribution:> 60%) followed by microbial and tryptophan-like components, respectively. Terrestrial humic-like components were relatively stable, and their abundance was positively correlated with the FDOM level (p < 0.05). The changes of aromatic, molecular weight, and humification degree of DOM were possibly driven by microbial activities at different depths. Moreover, benthic flux estimations indicated that DOM and the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in inland sediments were potential sources for the overlying water and possibly affected the quality and ecological safety of lake water bodies.
ShuaiDong Li; Lingfeng Lu; Yongfang Wu; Zhilong Zhao; Changchun Huang; Tao Huang; Hao Yang; Xiaohua Ma; Quanliang Jiang. Investigation on depth-dependent properties and benthic effluxes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in pore water from plateau lake sediments. Ecological Indicators 2021, 125, 107500 .
AMA StyleShuaiDong Li, Lingfeng Lu, Yongfang Wu, Zhilong Zhao, Changchun Huang, Tao Huang, Hao Yang, Xiaohua Ma, Quanliang Jiang. Investigation on depth-dependent properties and benthic effluxes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in pore water from plateau lake sediments. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 125 ():107500.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuaiDong Li; Lingfeng Lu; Yongfang Wu; Zhilong Zhao; Changchun Huang; Tao Huang; Hao Yang; Xiaohua Ma; Quanliang Jiang. 2021. "Investigation on depth-dependent properties and benthic effluxes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in pore water from plateau lake sediments." Ecological Indicators 125, no. : 107500.
Lakes are important organic carbon (OC) traps in the global carbon cycle. Recent studies have shown that the rate of OC burial in lacustrine sediments is influenced by factors such as climate change, land-use change, and eutrophication. In this study, we use multiproxy methods to reveal the mechanisms of lacustrine sediment OC burial in an alpine lake (Cuopu Lake), in southwest China. Combined with the dating from 210Pbex and n-alkanes distribution analysis using the Positive Matrix Factorization model, the sedimentary history was divided into five stages: religious activity (the 1840s–1880s), earthquake (the 1880s–1910s), garrison (the 1910s–1960s), transition (the 1960s–1990s), and ecotourism (the 1990s–2010s). During the earthquake stage, OC burial was dominated by terrestrial solids (>40%) and co-precipitated algae (>30%), with a rapid deposition rate (>4 mm a−1) and low OC concentration (<4 mg g−1). During the other stages, when the level of disturbance was relatively low, a change in nutrient conditions either promoted or inhibited plant growth, which influenced the type of buried OC. The contribution of OC derived from combustion sources varied from stage to stage. Severe anthropogenic disturbances have led to a significant increase in nutritional levels in the lake water, leading to an increase in the OC burial rate. Climate change, which leads to changes in temperature and rainfall, did not significantly influence OC burial, whereas nitrogen deposition (and associated ecological changes) was a significant determinant. When the general mechanism is dominant, the total nitrogen to inorganic phosphorus ratio is an effective indicator of OC burial due to its selective promotion of different plant types. In conclusion, our results suggest that lacustrine sediment OC burial is closely linked to physical and anthropogenic factors in Cuopu Lake, as well as similar montane lakes.
Quanliang Jiang; ShuaiDong Li; Zhili Chen; Changchun Huang; Wenxin Wu; HongBin Wan; Zhujun Hu; Cheng Han; Zhigang Zhang; Hao Yang; Tao Huang. Disturbance mechanisms of lacustrine organic carbon burial: Case study of Cuopu Lake, Southwest China. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 746, 140615 .
AMA StyleQuanliang Jiang, ShuaiDong Li, Zhili Chen, Changchun Huang, Wenxin Wu, HongBin Wan, Zhujun Hu, Cheng Han, Zhigang Zhang, Hao Yang, Tao Huang. Disturbance mechanisms of lacustrine organic carbon burial: Case study of Cuopu Lake, Southwest China. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 746 ():140615.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuanliang Jiang; ShuaiDong Li; Zhili Chen; Changchun Huang; Wenxin Wu; HongBin Wan; Zhujun Hu; Cheng Han; Zhigang Zhang; Hao Yang; Tao Huang. 2020. "Disturbance mechanisms of lacustrine organic carbon burial: Case study of Cuopu Lake, Southwest China." Science of The Total Environment 746, no. : 140615.
Observations and models suggest a latitudinal redistribution of precipitation as a result of ongoing global climatic warming. However, the dynamic link between temperature and regional precipitation in the course of natural climatic variability during the current interglacial period remains unclear, especially in the monsoon regions of China. Here we present a reconstruction of a ∼5 year-resolution summer monsoon rainfall record for the past 3200 years, based on 622 pairs of δ18O and δ13C and 29 230Th dates from a stalagmite (Wu37) from Wulu Cave in southern China. A close similarity between the δ18O and δ13C records on centennial to decadal timescales suggests that calcite δ18O is most likely a proxy associated with monsoon precipitation. The record reveals that the Little Ice Age (650 - 100 yr B.P.) was a relatively humid period, with two centennial-scale wet events, compared with the Medieval Warm Period (1050 - 650 yr B.P.). In contrast with previous observations in India and northern China, monsoon precipitation variations indicated by our record and other cave records nearby were inversely related to changes in Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature over the past two millennia, in particular to variations in the thermal gradient between the Northern and Southern hemispheres. This suggests that NH temperature has an important influence on summer precipitation in southern China, via the interhemispheric thermal gradient and land-ocean thermal contrast. In addition, we find that variations of monsoon rainfall in southern China on multi-centennial to centennial timescales are inversely correlated with observed rainfall in the core monsoon region of India and in the northern fringe of the Asian summer monsoon region in China. This spatial pattern of rainfall variability can be interpreted as a result of the migration of the intertropical convergence zone that is likely dominated by the interhemispheric thermal gradient via cross-equatorial airflows.
Kan Zhao; Yongjin Wang; R. Lawrence Edwards; Hai Cheng; Xinggong Kong; Dianbing Liu; Qingfeng Shao; Yingfang Cui; Changchun Huang; Youfeng Ning; Xunlin Yang. Late Holocene monsoon precipitation changes in southern China and their linkage to Northern Hemisphere temperature. Quaternary Science Reviews 2020, 232, 106191 .
AMA StyleKan Zhao, Yongjin Wang, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, Xinggong Kong, Dianbing Liu, Qingfeng Shao, Yingfang Cui, Changchun Huang, Youfeng Ning, Xunlin Yang. Late Holocene monsoon precipitation changes in southern China and their linkage to Northern Hemisphere temperature. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2020; 232 ():106191.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKan Zhao; Yongjin Wang; R. Lawrence Edwards; Hai Cheng; Xinggong Kong; Dianbing Liu; Qingfeng Shao; Yingfang Cui; Changchun Huang; Youfeng Ning; Xunlin Yang. 2020. "Late Holocene monsoon precipitation changes in southern China and their linkage to Northern Hemisphere temperature." Quaternary Science Reviews 232, no. : 106191.
Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a sediment core from Dianchi Lake, southwest China, were analysed. The influence of changes in China’s energy structure for 2–6 ringed PAHs was investigated to assess sources and the impact of socioeconomic development on temporal changes in concentrations. The concentration of the ΣPAH16 ranged from 746 to 2293 ng g−1. Prior to the 1960s relatively low concentrations of the ΣPAH16 and a larger proportion of 2–3-ring PAHs indicated that biomass combustion was the main source of PAHs. A rapid increase in the concentrations of 2–3 ring PAHs between 1975 and 2004 was attributed to population growth and coal consumption. A declining trend since 2004 was interpreted as being due to local changes in household energy usage. Increased concentrations of 4-ring PAH between 1975–2005 and 5–6-ring PAHs between the 1980s to 2004 showed correlations with increased coal consumption and the number of motor vehicles, respectively. These were caused by rapid urbanization and industrialization in the Dianchi watershed following the implementation of the Reform and Open Policy in 1978. A subsequent decline in the concentrations of 4-ring and 5–6-ring PAHs may have been due to decreased coal consumption and improvements in emission standards, respectively. Source apportionment by a PMF model revealed that coal combustion (29.2%), vehicle emissions (24.2%), petrogenic sources (21.8%), and biomass combustion (24.9%) were the sources of PAHs in the lake sediment core, and that coal combustion was the most important regional source of PAHs pollution.
Xiaohua Ma; HongBin Wan; Juan Zhou; Duan Luo; Tao Huang; Hao Yang; Changchun Huang. Sediment record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dianchi lake, southwest China: Influence of energy structure changes and economic development. Chemosphere 2020, 248, 126015 .
AMA StyleXiaohua Ma, HongBin Wan, Juan Zhou, Duan Luo, Tao Huang, Hao Yang, Changchun Huang. Sediment record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dianchi lake, southwest China: Influence of energy structure changes and economic development. Chemosphere. 2020; 248 ():126015.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaohua Ma; HongBin Wan; Juan Zhou; Duan Luo; Tao Huang; Hao Yang; Changchun Huang. 2020. "Sediment record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dianchi lake, southwest China: Influence of energy structure changes and economic development." Chemosphere 248, no. : 126015.
Simple and inexpensive estimation of the rates and sources of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is critical for its effective mitigation in a region with different land-use types. In this study, the N content and N isotopic composition (δ15N) of moss (Haplocladium microphyllum) tissues and precipitation at six sites with three land-use types (urban, suburban, and rural) were measured in the Yangtze River Delta. A significant linear relationship between moss N content and wet N deposition, and a consistent decrease trend for moss N content and wet N deposition from urban to suburban to rural areas were observed. More negative δ15N of suburban and rural mosses indicated N mainly released from agriculture and effluent, while the less negative δ15N of urban mosses were mainly influenced by fossil fuel combustion and traffic emissions. Although the negative moss δ15N indicates that reduced N dominates wet N deposition, there was no significant correlation between moss δ15N and the ratio of ammonium to nitrate (NH4+/NO3−). These results reveal that the moss N content and δ15N can be used as a complementary tool for estimating the rates and sources of wet N deposition in a region with different land-use types. Graphical abstract
Zhili Chen; Tao Huang; Rong Fan; Hao Yang; Yanju Yang; Changchun Huang. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Yangtze River Delta: insights gained from the nitrogen content and isotopic composition of the moss Haplocladium microphyllum. Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2019, 13, 202 -209.
AMA StyleZhili Chen, Tao Huang, Rong Fan, Hao Yang, Yanju Yang, Changchun Huang. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Yangtze River Delta: insights gained from the nitrogen content and isotopic composition of the moss Haplocladium microphyllum. Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters. 2019; 13 (3):202-209.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhili Chen; Tao Huang; Rong Fan; Hao Yang; Yanju Yang; Changchun Huang. 2019. "Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Yangtze River Delta: insights gained from the nitrogen content and isotopic composition of the moss Haplocladium microphyllum." Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 13, no. 3: 202-209.
Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition rates have changed rapidly in China during recent years. But few studies have simultaneously measured wet N and S deposition rates on different land use types in the same region. In present study, 238 precipitation samples were collected between May 2016 and April 2017 using wet-only auto-samplers, and the wet N and S deposition rates were measured at three sites with different land use types (urban, agriculture, and lake) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Eastern China. The annual wet deposition rates of total N (TN), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), dissolved organic N (DON), water-insoluble particulate N (WIPN), and sulfate (SO42−) were 16.87–26.64, 6.38–10.81, 5.92–11.11, 1.43–1.96, 2.23–2.67, and 9.07–22.53 kg N (S) ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The wet N and S deposition rates were in the order: agriculture > urban > lake sites, and the seasonal variations in wet N and S deposition were similar at all sites. DON and WIPN contributed 6.4–11.8% and 10.7–16.2% of the total wet N deposition, respectively. Chemical N fertilization and fossil fuel were important sources of wet N and S deposition. Annual wet N and S deposition are important nutrient sources that stimulate the eutrophication and soil/water acidification in the YRD. To minimize the environmental cost of wet N and S deposition in the YRD, it is critical to investigate the sources of N and S.
Zhili Chen; Tao Huang; Xiaohu Huang; Xiuxiu Han; Hao Yang; Zucong Cai; Lin Yao; Xiao Han; Meigen Zhang; Changchun Huang. Characteristics, sources and environmental implications of atmospheric wet nitrogen and sulfur deposition in Yangtze River Delta. Atmospheric Environment 2019, 219, 116904 .
AMA StyleZhili Chen, Tao Huang, Xiaohu Huang, Xiuxiu Han, Hao Yang, Zucong Cai, Lin Yao, Xiao Han, Meigen Zhang, Changchun Huang. Characteristics, sources and environmental implications of atmospheric wet nitrogen and sulfur deposition in Yangtze River Delta. Atmospheric Environment. 2019; 219 ():116904.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhili Chen; Tao Huang; Xiaohu Huang; Xiuxiu Han; Hao Yang; Zucong Cai; Lin Yao; Xiao Han; Meigen Zhang; Changchun Huang. 2019. "Characteristics, sources and environmental implications of atmospheric wet nitrogen and sulfur deposition in Yangtze River Delta." Atmospheric Environment 219, no. : 116904.
In order to achieve effective eutrophication control and ecosystem restoration, it is of great significance to investigate the distribution characteristics of nutrient elements in sediments, and to perform ecological risk assessments. In the current grading criteria for nutrient elements in sediments, only the overall or organic components of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus are considered, while the specific species distributions and bioavailability characteristics are rarely taken into account. Hence, using the current grading criteria, the differences in the release, migration and biological activity of nutrient elements in sediments cannot be accurately reflected. Taking the upper reaches of the Minjiang River watershed as an example, we analyzed the overall distributions and the ratio of nutrient elements in sediments, the spatial changes of nitrogen and phosphorus forms, the bioavailability, and the environmental significance. The ecological risk of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments was assessed using an evaluation method based upon the biological effective parameter. The results were compared with the results of the evaluation methods based on the single pollution index, and then these evaluation methods were confirmed accordingly. From the results, the following conclusions can be obtained: (1) The spatial distributions of nutrient elements in sediments in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River Watershed (including the Jianxi Basin, Futunxi Basin, and Shaxi Basin) were significantly affected by the local ecology and the urban sewage discharge system. (2) The maximum average contents of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in sediments were observed in the Jianxi Basin, the Futunxi Basin and the Shaxi Basin, respectively. (3) According to the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments, the bioavailable nitrogen (TTN) accounted for 35.49% of the total contents of TN. The components of TTN can be sorted from high to low as follows: Nitrogen in organic sulfide form (SOEF-N) > nitrogen in iron-manganese oxide form (SAEF-N) > nitrogen in ion exchange form (IEF-N) > nitrogen in weak acid leaching form (WAEF-N). Inorganic phosphorus (IP) was the main component of TP. The components of IP can be sorted from high to low as follows: Metal oxide bound phosphorus (NaOH-P) > calcium bound phosphorus (HCl-P) > reduced phosphorus (BD-P) > weakly adsorbed phosphorus (NH4Cl-P). Meanwhile, bioavailable phosphorus (BAP, BAP = NH4Cl-P + BD-P + NaOH-P) accounted for 36.94% of TP. According to the results of the single pollution index method, the risk level of TOC pollution in the sediments was relatively low in the whole area, while the risk level of TN pollution was low or moderate in most zones, and severe in certain ones. The risk level of TP pollution was low to moderate. (4) From the results of the bioavailability index evaluation method, based on the total amounts and forms of N and P, the risk level of N pollution was moderate, while the risk of P pollution was negligible. In addition, the results of the bioavailability index evaluation method were more consistent with the actual situation and reflected the overall environmental effects of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Hongmeng Ye; Hao Yang; Nian Han; Changchun Huang; Tao Huang; Guoping Li; Xuyin Yuan; Hong Wang. Risk Assessment Based on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Forms in Watershed Sediments: A Case Study of the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang Watershed. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5565 .
AMA StyleHongmeng Ye, Hao Yang, Nian Han, Changchun Huang, Tao Huang, Guoping Li, Xuyin Yuan, Hong Wang. Risk Assessment Based on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Forms in Watershed Sediments: A Case Study of the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang Watershed. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5565.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongmeng Ye; Hao Yang; Nian Han; Changchun Huang; Tao Huang; Guoping Li; Xuyin Yuan; Hong Wang. 2019. "Risk Assessment Based on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Forms in Watershed Sediments: A Case Study of the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang Watershed." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5565.
An understanding of the quantitative relationship between watershed non-point source (NPS) pollution and lake nutrient enrichment is essential for the environmental management of water bodies. However, a lack of data availability and integration limit our understanding of this relationship. The most critical bottlenecks are the lack of adequate support for watershed-lake integrated data, a lack of data of the nutrient loading from watersheds into a lake as NPS, and the long-term time series data of lake nutrient concentrations. Since lake sediment is the ultimate destination of watershed nutrients, this study aimed to reveal the relationship between watershed phosphorus (P) concentrations that are transported into lakes and lake P concentrations by using inlet sediments as an indicator. Three typical sub-basins within Hongze Lake, China were selected as the study site, and 30-year dataset was calculated using the technology integration of remote sensing, sediment chemical analysis and SWAT model assessment. It can be concluded that, first, the Mineral-P (Min-P) accounted for nearly 65% of the watershed Total P (TP) loss, which varied over different basins and temporal periods. Second, the relationship between watershed P loss into lakes and sediment P concentrations represented obvious variation among different basins, sediment depths and P states. With respect to different basins, the highest correlation appeared in Basin 1, which had a R2 value of 0.65 for Min-P. With respect to different P states, the Inorganic-P (IP) showed a closer relationship between watershed and lake P than Organic-P (OP), and the correlation coefficient (r) was higher than 0.6 in Basin 1 and Basin 3 for IP. In addition, the calcium-phosphorus ratio (Ca-P), which is largely sourced from watershed rock detritus by eroded runoff, played the most critical role among different Min-P states in the relatively ideal relationship of IP. With respect to different sediment depths, a stratification phenomenon existed in Basin 2 and Basin 3, which differed at specific depths. In particular, the ideal relationship only existed within the 7 cm depth from the bottom in basin 2, and this value expands to 10 cm for basin 3. This diversity was influenced by the integration roles from external and endogenous sources. All the findings indicated that lake surface sediment can be used as a proxy to represent NPS P loading under specific conditions. The relationship between watershed P loss and lake sediment P concentration was largely decided by land use/cover change (LUCC), meteorological conditions, and lake resuspension.
Chen Lin; Changchun Huang; Ronghua Ma; Yuxin Ma. Can the watershed non-point source phosphorus flux amount be reflected by lake sediment? Ecological Indicators 2019, 102, 118 -130.
AMA StyleChen Lin, Changchun Huang, Ronghua Ma, Yuxin Ma. Can the watershed non-point source phosphorus flux amount be reflected by lake sediment? Ecological Indicators. 2019; 102 ():118-130.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen Lin; Changchun Huang; Ronghua Ma; Yuxin Ma. 2019. "Can the watershed non-point source phosphorus flux amount be reflected by lake sediment?" Ecological Indicators 102, no. : 118-130.
Sediment resuspension is closely related to the endogenetic release of nutrients in Lake Taihu. Thus, understanding the factors associated with sediment resuspension is important. In this study, a new technology, which integrates a hydrodynamic model and remote sensing techniques, was applied to derive the distribution of the erosion flux and obtain the spatially variable critical shear stress. Then, the spatially variable critical shear stress was used in the sediment simulations at Lake Taihu. Compared to the traditional model, based on uniform values of critical shear stress, the new method, using variable values of critical shear stress calibrated from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data, significantly improved the sediment simulations at Lake Taihu. Based on the erosion flux from August 6-8, 2013, the correlations between erosion and wind speed, wind fetch, mud depth, and water depth were analyzed for different subsections and spots in Lake Taihu. The potential sources of error were also addressed. Further improvement of the model is necessary.
Zhuo Zhang; Changchun Huang; Fei Guo; Zhiyao Song; Di Hu. A new technology for suspended sediment simulation in Lake Taihu, China: Combination of hydrodynamic modeling and remote sensing. Journal of Limnology 2019, 78, 1 .
AMA StyleZhuo Zhang, Changchun Huang, Fei Guo, Zhiyao Song, Di Hu. A new technology for suspended sediment simulation in Lake Taihu, China: Combination of hydrodynamic modeling and remote sensing. Journal of Limnology. 2019; 78 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhuo Zhang; Changchun Huang; Fei Guo; Zhiyao Song; Di Hu. 2019. "A new technology for suspended sediment simulation in Lake Taihu, China: Combination of hydrodynamic modeling and remote sensing." Journal of Limnology 78, no. 1: 1.
Large additions of organic carbon (OC) have been introduced into the carbon cycle of lakes from algae during the process of lake eutrophication. The impact of eutrophication on OC burial and CO2 fixing has been widely studied; however, there is still a gap regarding the impact of excess OC from algae on sedimentary OC mineralization. In this study, we aim to fill this gap by analyzing in situ measurements. Three pairs of sediment cores collected from a plateau lake (Dianchi Lake) in 2006 and 2014 were used to estimate the accumulation loss rate (ALR) of OC (and thus the total mineralization rate) in the sediment. n-Alkanes, measured from the same sedimentary cores, were used to identify the source of OC. An OC mineralization experiment in a laboratory was used to confirm the enhanced effect of excess phytoplankton carbon on ALR and reveal the potential influence of microorganisms. The results indicate that the sedimentary core (core 3), with high excess OC from algae (located in an algal bloom area), possessed a higher ALR (85.66%) and a higher attenuation coefficient (0.078), indicating the low burial efficiency and short mineralization duration of OC. Sedimentary core 1, controlled by terrestrial OC, had a relatively lower ALR (64.60%) and lower attenuation coefficient (0.029), indicating a high burial efficiency and long period of OC mineralization. The mineralization of OC in core 2 was impacted by terrestrial and endogenous OC, with an ALR of 72.00% and attenuation coefficient of 0.064, which is between that of cores 1 and 3. Excess OC from algae corresponded to an increase in ALR by 32.60% when comparing core 1 to core 3. The increased ALR and attenuation coefficient could be caused by excess OC from algae. Sedimentary OC mineralization indicates that the ALR with dominantly allochthonous OC (64.60%) is much lower than that controlled by autochthonous OC (85.66%). Excess OC from phytoplankton increases the mineralization of OC: not only via increased ALR but also increased mineralization speed. The laboratory experiment on the mixture of algae and sediment suggested that excess phytoplankton OC increased the emission of CO2 by 20–70% (mineralization rate).
Changchun Huang; Zhili Chen; Yan Gao; Yang Luo; Tao Huang; Axing Zhu; Hao Yang; Benjun Yang. Enhanced mineralization of sedimentary organic carbon induced by excess carbon from phytoplankton in a eutrophic plateau lake. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2019, 19, 2613 -2623.
AMA StyleChangchun Huang, Zhili Chen, Yan Gao, Yang Luo, Tao Huang, Axing Zhu, Hao Yang, Benjun Yang. Enhanced mineralization of sedimentary organic carbon induced by excess carbon from phytoplankton in a eutrophic plateau lake. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2019; 19 (5):2613-2623.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChangchun Huang; Zhili Chen; Yan Gao; Yang Luo; Tao Huang; Axing Zhu; Hao Yang; Benjun Yang. 2019. "Enhanced mineralization of sedimentary organic carbon induced by excess carbon from phytoplankton in a eutrophic plateau lake." Journal of Soils and Sediments 19, no. 5: 2613-2623.
Estimation of phytoplankton biomass (noted as phytoplankton carbon, Cphyto) and evaluation of phytoplankton physiology is central to the estimation of primary productivity and the carbon cycle. This issue has been widely considered in oceans but not in inland water. Here, we develop experiential and semi-analytical models, which validated by independent in situ measurement data, respectively, to derive Cphyto and phytoplankton absorption coefficient at 675nm (aph(675)) from MODIS. The effects of nutrients and temperature on the seasonal variation of phytoplankton physiology were assessed through a novel proxy of Cphyto to aph(675) ratio (Cphyto/aph(675)) over the Lake Taihu, the third largest lake in China. Significant seasonal climatological cycles of Cphyto, aph(675) and Cphyto/aph(675) were observed in Lake Taihu, especially in Meiliang Bay and Zhushan Bay, where algal blooms occur frequently. The highest Cphyto and aph(675) values were observed in summer due to the growth of phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll-a concentration. Lower values were observed in winter and spring, which are characterized by relatively high total nitrogen levels and low irradiance, owing to the low temperature astricts the algae growth. However, the Cphyto/aph(675) shows an opposite trend compared to Cphyto and aph(675), which have high values in winter and low values in summer. The analysis of Cphyto, aph(675) and Cphyto/aph(675) with total phosphorus (TP) levels and temperature indicates that TP are the main positive driver of the increase in Cphyto and aph(675) and negatively regulate Cphyto/aph(675). Warming promotes an increase in Cphyto and aph(675) and restricts Cphyto/aph(675) in summer. Biomass and nutrient levels are the primary drivers of the decrease of Cphyto/aph(675) in such a typical eutrophic lake. The results present some new findings compared to previous oceanic studies and expand our knowledge in the study of phytoplankton biomass and physiology in eutrophic lakes.
Changchun Huang; Yunlin Zhang; Tao Huang; Hao Yang; Yunmei Li; Zhigang Zhang; Mengying He; Zhujun Hu; Ting Song; A-Xing Zhu. Long-term variation of phytoplankton biomass and physiology in Taihu lake as observed via MODIS satellite. Water Research 2019, 153, 187 -199.
AMA StyleChangchun Huang, Yunlin Zhang, Tao Huang, Hao Yang, Yunmei Li, Zhigang Zhang, Mengying He, Zhujun Hu, Ting Song, A-Xing Zhu. Long-term variation of phytoplankton biomass and physiology in Taihu lake as observed via MODIS satellite. Water Research. 2019; 153 ():187-199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChangchun Huang; Yunlin Zhang; Tao Huang; Hao Yang; Yunmei Li; Zhigang Zhang; Mengying He; Zhujun Hu; Ting Song; A-Xing Zhu. 2019. "Long-term variation of phytoplankton biomass and physiology in Taihu lake as observed via MODIS satellite." Water Research 153, no. : 187-199.
In remote sensing analyses of water colour, suspended particle size is an important optical parameter that also plays an important role in inland and coastal biogeochemical processes. Knowledge of the suspended particle size and its changes in month and area can be used to assess the contributions by suspended particulate matter to backscatter coefficient, particle sinking, and carbon sequestration under lake water. In this study, in situ samples collected in the summer and winter from Hongze Lake (HZL), 2016, were used to develop an empirical model to estimate the median diameter (DV50) of suspended particle sizes. The spatial distributions of DV50 were derived using 37 WFV (Wide Field Viewer) images of GF-1 (GaoFen-1), China, and the fluctuational diversification and the potential influencing factors were discussed. Several crucial findings can be drawn: (1) the empirical band ratio algorithm Rrs,green: Rrs,red was suitable for DV50 estimation with a coefficient of determination (R2) of approximately 0.7 for the modelling data. In addition, the validation data showed that the MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) is below 34%, the RMSE (root mean square error) is less than 4.2 μm, and the Mean ratio is close to 1; (2) the average median particle size shows an increasing trend from the northeast of the lake (NE) to Chengzi Lake (CZL) and the wetland (WL) in HZL from 2015 to 2016; (3) the DV50 of HZL is higher in summer than in the other seasons during the study period; (4) the fluctuation in hydrological factors, especially the monthly water discharge and flow, might be the driving force behind the seasonal variations in DV50 of HZL; and (5) channel transportation reduced DV50, and the reduced amplitude might be more than 22%.
Shaohua Lei; Di Wu; Yunmei Li; Qiao Wang; Changchun Huang; Ge Liu; Zhubin Zheng; Chenggong Du; Meng Mu; Jie Xu; Heng Lv. Remote sensing monitoring of the suspended particle size in Hongze Lake based on GF-1 data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2018, 40, 3179 -3203.
AMA StyleShaohua Lei, Di Wu, Yunmei Li, Qiao Wang, Changchun Huang, Ge Liu, Zhubin Zheng, Chenggong Du, Meng Mu, Jie Xu, Heng Lv. Remote sensing monitoring of the suspended particle size in Hongze Lake based on GF-1 data. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2018; 40 (8):3179-3203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaohua Lei; Di Wu; Yunmei Li; Qiao Wang; Changchun Huang; Ge Liu; Zhubin Zheng; Chenggong Du; Meng Mu; Jie Xu; Heng Lv. 2018. "Remote sensing monitoring of the suspended particle size in Hongze Lake based on GF-1 data." International Journal of Remote Sensing 40, no. 8: 3179-3203.
Analyzing the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution and socio-economic factors has become a major concern in public health. Since traditional analysis methods (such as correlation analysis and geographically weighted regression) cannot provide a full assessment of this relationship, the quantile regression method was applied to overcome such a limitation at different spatial scales in this study. The results indicated that merely 3% of the population and 2% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) occurred under an annually mean value of 35 μg/m3 in mainland China, and the highest population exposure to PM2.5 was located in a lesser-known city named Dazhou in 2014. The analysis results at three spatial scales (grid-level, county-level, and city-level) demonstrated that the grid-level was the optimal spatial scale for analysis of socio-economic effects on exposure due to its tiny uncertainty, and the population exposure to PM2.5 was positively related to GDP. An apparent upward trend of population exposure to PM2.5 emerged at the 80th percentile GDP. For a 10 thousand yuan rise in GDP, population exposure to PM2.5 increases by 1.05 person/km2 at the 80th percentile, and 1.88 person/km2 at the 95th percentile, respectively.
Ling Yao; Changchun Huang; Wenlong Jing; Xiafang Yue; Yuyue Xu. Quantitative Assessment of Relationship between Population Exposure to PM2.5 and Socio-Economic Factors at Multiple Spatial Scales over Mainland China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2058 .
AMA StyleLing Yao, Changchun Huang, Wenlong Jing, Xiafang Yue, Yuyue Xu. Quantitative Assessment of Relationship between Population Exposure to PM2.5 and Socio-Economic Factors at Multiple Spatial Scales over Mainland China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (9):2058.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLing Yao; Changchun Huang; Wenlong Jing; Xiafang Yue; Yuyue Xu. 2018. "Quantitative Assessment of Relationship between Population Exposure to PM2.5 and Socio-Economic Factors at Multiple Spatial Scales over Mainland China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9: 2058.
Sediments have a significant influence on the cycling of nutrient elements in lake environments. In order to assess the distribution characteristics and estimate the bioavailability of phosphorus and nitrogen in Dianchi Lake, organic and inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen forms were analysed. The 210Pb radiometric dating method was employed to study temporal changes in the phosphorus and nitrogen pools in Dianchi Lake. The result show that the total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) were both at high concentrations, ranging from 697.5–3210.0 mg/kg and 1263.7–7155.2 mg/kg, respectively. Inorganic phosphorus (IP) and total organic nitrogen (TON) were the main constituents, at percentages of 59%–78% and 74%–95%, respectively, in the sediments. Spatially, there was a decreasing trend in phosphorus and nitrogen contents from the south and north to the lake centre, which is related to the distribution pattern of local economic production. The burial rates of the various phosphorus and nitrogen forms increased in same spatially and over time. Particularly in the past two decades, the burial rates doubled, with that TN reached to 1.287 mg/(cm2·yr) in 2014. As the most reactive forms, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) were buried more rapidly in the south region, implying that the potential for releasing sedimentary nitrogen increased from north to south. Based on their concentrations and burial rates, the internal loads of phosphorus and nitrogen were analysed for the last century. A TP pool of 71 597.6 t and a TN pool of 81 191.7 t were estimated for Dianchi Lake. Bioavailable phosphorus and nitrogen pools were also estimated at 44 468.0 t and 5429.7 t, respectively, for the last century.
Yalin Wu; Tao Huang; Changchun Huang; Yinyin Shen; Yang Luo; Hao Yang; Yanhong Yu; Ruixiao Li; Yan Gao; Mingli Zhang. Internal Loads and Bioavailability of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Dianchi Lake, China. Chinese Geographical Science 2018, 28, 851 -862.
AMA StyleYalin Wu, Tao Huang, Changchun Huang, Yinyin Shen, Yang Luo, Hao Yang, Yanhong Yu, Ruixiao Li, Yan Gao, Mingli Zhang. Internal Loads and Bioavailability of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Dianchi Lake, China. Chinese Geographical Science. 2018; 28 (5):851-862.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYalin Wu; Tao Huang; Changchun Huang; Yinyin Shen; Yang Luo; Hao Yang; Yanhong Yu; Ruixiao Li; Yan Gao; Mingli Zhang. 2018. "Internal Loads and Bioavailability of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Dianchi Lake, China." Chinese Geographical Science 28, no. 5: 851-862.